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1.
Stress among university faculty has received considerable treatment in research literature in thepast decade in higher education, but very little studyhas been undertaken from a comparative perspective. Thispaper reports the results of a comparative study inmeasuring stress among university faculty in Chinaand Japan using a questionnaire survey. It analyzes therelationship between stress and health indifferent age groups of the faculty and thedifferences in the nature and structure of the stressbetween China and Japan. The research suggests thatstress of Chinese and Japanese university facultycan be described as ``social-transformation stress' and``direction-conflict stress', respectively.  相似文献   

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Previous studies on the role of the professor reflect the existence of a multifaceted complex of strains on faculty. This research study investigated identifiable patterns of faculty stress. From a sample of 80 doctorate-granting institutions, 1,920 professors were selected and stratified by academic rank and Biglan's academic discipline model. The response rate was 75.28%. The multidimensionality of the 45-item Faculty Stress Index, investigated through factor analysis, resulted in five distinct dimensions of perceived stress: reward and recognition (55% common variance); time constraints (12% common variance); departmental influence (7% common variance); professional identity (6% common variance); and student interaction (6% common variance). Each factor was also analyzed according to professional and personal characteristics, and the analysis resulted in significant differences in the areas of tenure, rank, age, gender, and marital status. No differential pattern was discovered among disciplinary categories.  相似文献   

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Instructional technologies have the potential to help highereducation faculty address increasing demands on their time and energy. Thisstudy investigated technology use by faculty at medium-sized, publicuniversity in the midwestern United States. Because a number of studies haveshown gender differences in technology use, survey data were analyzed alonggender lines. Results showed that males rated their knowledge and experiencewith some innovative technologies higher than did females. For frequency ofuse, no significant differences were found, with the exception of video,where females indicated slightly more frequent use. Both rated technologiesas important to instruction. For factors influencing technology use, femalesrated time to learn a technology, increased student learning, ease of use,training, and available information in discipline as more important than didmales. Such incentives as release time, merit pay, contribution to promotionand tenure, monetary rewards, and recognition by the university were ratedmore important by women, as were the barriers of lack of time and lack ofcontribution to professional advancement. These findings suggest that genderdifferences in technology use by university faculty may exist and need to beaddressed.  相似文献   

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This paper contrasts the performance levels and promotion experiences of 371 faculty members under three different market conditions reflecting the supply and demand for university faculty (buyer's market, seller's market, and stable market). The central questions examined are, What is the effect of market conditions upon (1) the length of time it takes for promotion; (2) the promotion rate; (3) the productivity of assistant and associate professors before each promotion; and (4) the productivity of full professors after attaining that rank? Findings are most consistent with a market model indicating that faculty promoted during a buyer's market remain in rank longer before being promoted and exhibit a greater rate of productivity than faculty promoted during other market conditions. There is also support for the elite model in that the impact of “tight” market conditions on productivity is greatest for faculty below the rank of full professor.  相似文献   

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The academic \"hurdle race\": A case study   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This study analyzes the career patterns of a cohort of faculty members in a large Israeli university and shows that women constitute a small minority in that university, and that their rank advancements are fewer, slower, and lower than men's. We examine three possible explaining mechanisms: (a) \"Thresholds\" - according to which after women cross a certain barrier, differential career development on the basis of gender disappears or is, at least, greatly reduced. (b) \"Ceilings\" - according to which women's advancement is curbed before they reach the highest rank. (c) \"Hurdles\" - according to which women, as compared to men, are confronted by more obtrusive barriers at each step of the academic career. We found that no threshold could be detected after which gender differences are reduced and that the ceiling effect may be a by-product of women's extended career paths. Rather, the analysis of the case study suggests that women's career trajectories are characterized by \"hurdles\", i.e., at each rank they stay longer and their advancement probability is lower than men's even when their publication rates are taken into account.  相似文献   

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In recent years universities in Africa have come under increasing pressure from governments and donors to improve their efficiency. A World Bank report in 1988 suggested that African universities were amongst the most inefficient in the developing world. The attack on African higher education mirrors a trend to be found in higher education systems worldwide as institutions used to a large degree of autonomy and preferential funding come under increasing scrutiny.In Ghana, a response to these pressures has been made by the Ministry of Education and the country's three universities. A new system of programme linked budgeting (PLB), to be introduced in 1996, aims to reform the way universities are funded and thereby to improve their efficiency. A case study undertaken in 1993 analysed the new budgeting system to be introduced and found that it was PLB in name only. The need for political and institutional stability had in fact led to the development of an input based model which almost entirely neglected output measures. Despite a positive attempt at budgetary reform, the specification of the model seriously impaired its ability to affect the economic behaviour of the universities in ways likely to improve efficiency. In the worst case, the new budgeting system could even cause a deterioration in efficiency.The lessons of this study are applicable to both the developing and developed world. Governments, sensitive to the difficulties of introducing radical change in institutional funding, tend to adulterate the pursuit of economic efficiency when political expediency becomes a priority. This study of the Ghanaian universities suggests that ignoring the economic effects of changes in funding may be attractive but may, in fact, lead to decreases in efficiency and result in more severe difficulties - both economic and political - being faced in the longer term.  相似文献   

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There has been considerable debate on the evaluation of faculty performance by administrators. Much of the research has focused on the publish or perish issue on a university-wide basis rather than considering differences between disciplines which might invalidate the effectiveness of a global evaluation policy. This paper is a case study of three areas (Business, Psychology, and Sociology/Anthropology) at Kansas State University. Significant differences were found in the orientations of the different areas and in the criteria that are being used and that should be used (according to the respondents) for performance evaluation. Despite the significant differences in the departments' orientations, all of the faculty tended to agree strongly that teaching should be an important evaluative criterion.  相似文献   

10.
Lack of clarity in university teaching: A case study   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Correlational studies suggest that clarity in teaching plays a crucial role in student learning and satisfaction from instruction. Other quantitative studies identify low-inference teacher behaviors that are components of clear instruction. The present study used qualitative methods to examine unclarity in teaching of a physics undergraduate course for non-science majors. Teaching clarity was measured both as a high- and low-inference behavior. Evidence of several data sources converge and reveal very low level of understanding of the material presented, strong dissatisfaction with instruction, and a good match between high- and low-inference teacher clarity behaviors. This is explained by the instructor's insufficient pedagogical knowledge, by his inability to apply those pedagogical principles he does know in actual classroom instruction, by his misconceptions regarding teaching and student learning, and by his detachment from his students and the subsequent lack of adjustment of instruction to them.  相似文献   

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This paper summarizes the basis of university attempts in the United States to stimulate economic development. Next, the paper describes the background of a particular university's economic development program. The projects and especially the problems of that university's economic development program are enumerated in detail. The problems include financial losses in particular projects large enough to cause the university to terminate the program, corruption, widespread public criticism of the program and of the university, and criminal convictions of two top officers of the program. Perspectives from the study of university-business relationships as well as from the study of public finance and budgeting and of deviance and white-collar crime help interpret the problems of the program. Possible solutions to such problems are offered. These suggestions include budgeting and reporting requirements, as well as a variety of structural features that need to be part of university economic development programs.  相似文献   

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大学城是高校集聚的新城,突发事件的应急管理是大学城高校管理所面临的一个崭新的课题。文章以福州大学城为例,阐述大学城突发事件应急管理联动机制现状,分析大学城突发事件的类别、特性,讨论大学城突发事件处置原则,建构大学城突发事件管理协同联动机制模型,并详细表述该模型的运行程序及其管理功能和具体实施。  相似文献   

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土遗址所处的环境不仅是影响土遗址自然寿命的关键因素,同时也是确定各种保护措施的重要依据。本文根据对杭州良渚遗址进行的调查,提出可用含水量、相对湿度、潮湿系数三个参数,定量地界定潮湿环境,即下述三个条件有一条满足即可以界定为潮湿环境。1.当与土遗址紧邻土体的年均含水量大于25%或者直接与水体相邻,并且使遗址土体的年均含水量大于18%;2.当土遗址周围年平均空气相对湿度大于76%;3.当土遗址所处地区的潮湿系数大于1.50。同时也可依据这三个参数数值的大小进一步将土遗址的潮湿程度细分为,高度潮湿、中度潮湿、低度潮湿等。  相似文献   

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This article is a case study of the relationship between the age of persons who are members of the two academic finance associations and the number of articles that they wrote during the period 1975 through 1978. Many of these persons are also known as economists. Attention was focused on articles written in four leading finance journals. Some articles appearing in these journals were written by persons who were not members of finance departments. Their articles in refereed journals other than the leading finance journals were counted also. Productivity of those publishing reached a peak of 0.92 articles per person per year for those able to publish in the four leading finance journals. This peak, which was for the 36- to 40-yr-old group, declined to about half that rate for the 56- to 60-yr-old group. The proportion of the membership who did not publish rose irregularly as a function of age and was above 0.90 for the 61 yr and older group. The reasons for the declining productivity are summarized from a survey of business school deans. Suggestions that have been made for maintaining productivity are reviewed.  相似文献   

19.

This article reports the results of a nationwide survey of ASC and ACJS members conducted in spring 1991. The respondents first were asked to describe their current academic position, their department, and the nature of their teaching, research, and administrative responsibilities in the course of a typical academic year. Respondents then were asked about various salary and compensation issues. ANOVA was used to explore the impact of various structural and demographic factors (e.g., type of appointment, academic rank, gender, region, department, and university size) on salary levels.  相似文献   

20.
This study analyzes differences in power perception across hierarchical levels in university departments and their consequences on studying the power structure of universities. The study's major variables include the holder of power and the nature of decisions involved, controlling for the field and the prestige of the department. Two perceivers were the subjects of the study, chairpersons and faculty members. Comparison between the two perceivers yields considerable differences. The different patterns of power observed by faculty members and chairpersons and the various areas of agreement and disagreement between the perceivers are discussed and analyzed.  相似文献   

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