rhEPO检测方法的现状及展望

这篇文章讨论了现有的检测人重组促红细胞生成素(rhEPO)的方法，rhEPO可通过增加机体红细胞数目和血红蛋白含量，提高最大吸氧量，从而增强运动员耐力，但滥用rhEPO可能对运动员身体造成很大危害。尽管近十年来，直接和间接的方法都被应用于rhEPO的检测，但没有一个间接指标能达到令人满意地检验效果。在悉尼奥运会上，国际奥委会采用了一种综合了血检和尿检的方法来检测rhEPO。此外，在将来可能会有人会采用例如基因兴奋剂的方法来提高氧转运能力。     

促红细胞生成素的血液检测方法

重组人促红细胞生成素 (rHuEPO)被禁止用于提高运动员的成绩 ,但是用常规的检测方法很难区分内源性EPO和外源性EPO。运动员使用EPO后 ,会导致其一些血液参数的变化 ,通过对这些血液参数的检测 ,可以间接判定运动员是否使用了EPO。笔者综述了促红细胞生成素的血液检测方法的研究进展 ,明确指明了EPO血液检测的原理和方法 ,并重点讨论了转铁蛋白受体和网织红细胞参数等指标的检测原理和方法 ,以及悉尼奥运会的EPO血检方法。     

重组人促红细胞生成素及其检测

重组人促红细胞生成素是一种运用基因重组技术开发的重组激素类药物．因其能增高红细胞的含量，近些年来被滥用于一些耐力性运动项目中，成为运动中最为常用的兴奋剂之一。本文重点讨论了重组人促红细胞生成素的临床应用及其检测。     

基因兴奋剂的种类和检测手段研究进展

基因兴奋剂是新的兴奋剂种类.运动员期望通过使用基因治疗技术来获得竞技优势.其中用于提高耐力的主要有促红细胞生成素、血管内皮生长因子等,用于提高肌肉力量的有胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ、肌肉生长抑制素、生长激素、机械生长因子等.由于基因兴奋剂具有较高的隐蔽性,使检测成为难题.文章介绍了可能被使用的几种基因兴奋剂以及检测手段.     

重组促红细胞生成素对机体的影响

重组促红细胞生成素是体内促红细胞生成素的基因工程复制剂，用来治疗肾虚引起的贫血，并可提高人体的机能能力，但长时间或大剂量使用会产生严重的副作用，提示人们不要将此药作为兴奋剂。     

EPO的副作用及目前对其进行检测的研究

在训练中监测自已的心率以确定自已的训练强度是否处于正常范围是一件很普遍的事情。实际上许多优秀耐力运动员把心率监测仪做为基本的训练辅助工具。但想象一下：一个优秀运动员每天晚上睡觉前带上心率监测仪并将其设置为警报状态以防止心率过低甚至完全停止搏动，会是一种什么样的感受呢?     

高原训练时应激素对促红细胞生成素水平的调控作用

对应激素的变化以及促红细胞生成素的作用机制进行分析，说明高原训练时促肾上腺皮质激素、皮质醇、睾酮素等应激素对促红细胞生成素水平及运动员有氧能力具有重要的调控作用。     

血检和促红细胞生成素

近些年来，血液检验在兴奋剂检测上逐渐受到重视，尤其对特殊的兴奋剂方法和兴奋剂种类，血检具有尿检不可替代的好处。通过对兴奋剂促红细胞生成素EPO检测方法发展的论述，阐明了血液检测的独特地位，证明了尿检和血检联合检测在未来兴奋剂检测中的可取性。     

运动与促红细胞生成素

论述了促红细胞生成素对红细胞数量与血红蛋白含量的中心控制作用,运动训练对促红细胞生成素产生的影响,以及服用重组织促红细胞生成素对机体的危害性。     

低氧训练与促红细胞生成素

目前学界对低氧运动与促红细胞生成素间关系十分关注。在海平面常用低氧训练方法使机体血红蛋白含量增加,其目的是提高运动员耐力,提高运动员机能能力,获得良好的训练比赛效果;促红细胞生成素对血红蛋白合成,血液携氧能力的提高具有重要作用,在低氧和高原训练中其变化有一定的规律性。本文又讨论了检测滥用合成促红细胞生成素取得的进展。     

上海体育经纪人的现状与发展对策

以文献资料、问卷调查为主要研究方法，将上海体育经纪人的现状及发展对策作为研究重点，阐述上海体育经纪人的发展现状，分析影响其发展的各种主客观因素，提出上海体育经纪人的发展对策。     

我国国民体质监测的现状与对策

采用文献资料法对我国国民体质监测中存在的主要问题及原因进行了分析,提出了应当采取的相应对策和建议。为尽快建立适合我国国情的科学的国民体质监测体系和网络,提高群众体育工作的管理水平,促进社会发展发挥重要作用。     

Confirmatory factor analysis of the Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS) among adolescent athletes

The aim of the present study was to examine the factorial validity of the Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS; Thomas et al., ) among adolescent athletes using confirmatory factor analysis. The TOPS was designed to assess eight psychological strategies used in competition (i.e. activation, automaticity, emotional control, goal-setting, imagery, negative thinking, relaxation and self-talk,) and eight used in practice (the same strategies except negative thinking is replaced by attentional control). National-level athletes (n?=?584) completed the 64-item TOPS during training camps. Fit indices provided partial support for the overall measurement model for the competition items (robust comparative fit index?=?0.92, Tucker-Lewis index?=?0.88, root mean square error of approximation?=?0.05) but minimal support for the training items (robust comparative fit index?=?0.86, Tucker-Lewis index?=?0.81, root mean square error of approximation?=?0.06). For the competition items, the automaticity, goal-setting, relaxation and self-talk scales showed good fit, whereas the activation, emotional control, imagery and negative thinking scales did not. For the practice items, the attentional control, emotional control, goal-setting, imagery and self-talk scales showed good fit, whereas the activation, automaticity and relaxation scales did not. Overall, it appears that the factorial validity of the TOPS for use with adolescents is questionable at present and further development is required.     

Drug Testing,Sex Verification,and the 1967 Pan-American Games

Abstract

Despite frequent claims that invasive methods of sex verification and early procedures for doping detection were used in 1966 and 1967 at different major international sport competitions, little is known about the origins and rationales for implementing such procedures. This paper focuses on the drug testing and sex verification protocols implemented at the 1967 Pan-American Games held in Winnipeg. Specifically, it explores the conditions that led to these protocols, as well as the details of and the arguments invoked for their implementation. To do so, archival material, media coverage featured in English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish newspapers and magazines across the Americas, and oral histories are analyzed and discussed. The paper demonstrates that neither the sex verification nor the drug testing protocol was mandatory for all athletes and only two very specific groups of athletes were targeted. It also demonstrates that in the case of the former, exceptions were made within the specific group targeted. The paper concludes that the rudimentary protocols applied at the 1967 Pan-American Games likely informed the IOC Medical Commission’s doping and sex-testing policies implemented at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics and Grenoble Winter Olympics.     

Effects of an 8-weeks erythropoietin treatment on mitochondrial and whole body fat oxidation capacity during exercise in healthy males

The present investigation was performed to elucidate if the non-erythropoietic ergogenic effect of a recombinant erythropoietin treatment results in an impact on skeletal muscle mitochondrial and whole body fatty acid oxidation capacity during exercise, myoglobin concentration and angiogenesis. Recombinant erythropoietin was administered by subcutaneous injections (5000 IU) in six healthy male volunteers (aged 21 ± 2 years; fat mass 18.5 ± 2.3%) over 8 weeks. The participants performed two graded cycle ergometer exercise tests before and after the intervention where VO_2max and maximal fat oxidation were measured. Biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained before and after the intervention. Recombinant erythropoietin treatment increased mitochondrial O₂ flux during ADP stimulated state 3 respiration in the presence of complex I and II substrates (malate, glutamate, pyruvate, succinate) with additional electron input from β-oxidation (octanoylcarnitine) (from 60 ± 13 to 87 ± 24 pmol · s^?1 · mg^?1 P < 0.01). β-hydroxy-acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase activity was higher after treatment (P < 0.05), whereas citrate synthase activity also tended to increase (P = 0.06). Total myoglobin increased by 16.5% (P < 0.05). Capillaries per muscle area tended to increase (P = 0.07), whereas capillaries per fibre as well as the total expression of vascular endothelial growth factor remained unchanged. Whole body maximal fat oxidation was not increased after treatment. Eight weeks of recombinant erythropoietin treatment increases mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation capacity and myoglobin concentration without any effect on whole body maximal fat oxidation.     

山东省体育公共服务现状及对策

通过文献资料、访谈、问卷调查等方法,分析山东省体育公共服务建设现状,指出体育公共服务发展中的问题,并提出相应策略。研究认为:山东省体育公共服务发展中基于不同的服务内容采取相应措施,并取得明显成效,但也存在服务供给难以有效反映需求、服务发展不平衡、现有体育设施资源盘活不足以及服务供给方式单一等问题。为此提出:以需求为导向制定服务供给决策、强化公共服务均衡发展、盘活现有体育公共资源以及创新公共服务供给机制与模式等策略。     

我国老年健身体育的现状与发展趋势的研究

针对我国人口老龄化所出现的问题,采取文献资料法、调查法等综合研究方法,对福建、上海、北京等7个省市的老年人参加健身活动的情况进行抽样。结果显示,老年体育人口与20世纪90年代相比已经提高了18.6%,占老年人口的23.1%;体育活动的内容更有目的性和针对性。从而预计2020年我国老年健身体育事业的发展。     

辽宁省国有体育场馆现状及发展对策研究

体育场地是发展体育事业的重要物质基础。体育场地的情况关系到国家竞技体育的发展,关系到群众体育活动的开展,关系到国家体育部门国有资产的管理情况。旨在通过对辽宁省体育场地的使用现状进行研究分析,发现存在的问题,提出相应的解决对策,使体育场地能够更好地为发展竞技体育和群众体育事业服务。     

论传统武术竞赛现状及前景探索

在全民健身运动蓬勃发展的背景下,中国传统的武术也应该是其中一项重要的内容,但当前传统武术竞赛中除了个别项目较为均衡外,其他项目均存在规模较小、形式单一的问题。如何解决这一现状问题以及如何发展和普及传统武术运动已成为一个十分重要的课题。本文通过对相关文献资料的研究以及对实践活动的调查,得出结论:要发展传统武术,应该以对武术的保护为基础,将传统武术文化和现代文化相结合,完善现有的传统武术竞赛方案。并且根据传统武术的特点对其进行合理科学的创新,从而有效地推进传统武术的发展。