农村教师从教动机调查研究

教师主要的从教动机是内部动机;男教师从教的内部动机非常显著地低于女教师;文科教师从教的内部动机显著地高于理科教师;教师从教的内部动机、外部动机都与教龄存在非常显著的正相关;教师从教的内部动机与离职意向之间存在非常显著的负相关;教师从教的内部动机越高,其工作投入度也越高。     

农村教师从教动机调查研究

教师主要的从教动机是内部动机;男教师从教的内部动机非常显著地低于女教师;文科教师从教的内部动机显著地高于理科教师;教师从教的内部动机、外部动机都与教龄存在非常显著的正相关;教师从教的内部动机与离职意向之间存在非常显著的负相关;教师从教的内部动机越高,其工作投入度也越高.     

自我决定理论的动机分类及其在外语研究中的应用

根据自我决定理论,动机可分为内部动机、外部动机和无动机三种基本类型,其中内部动机和外部动机又可分别划分为三个子类。它认为各动机类型并非是截然分开的,而是处在一个自我决定程度的连续体上。这一理论是比较完整的动机理论,可以有效地评估学习者的学习动机,为外语学习动机研究提供了新的方向。     

农村初二学生英语阅读动机与阅读元认知的关系

旨在探讨农村初二学生英语阅读动机的现状及其与阅读元认知的关系,为农村初二英语阅读教学改革提供理论依据。采用阅读动机量表和阅读元认知量表对314名农村初二学生进行测查。结果发现农村初二学生的英语阅读动机存在多维性且以内部和外部阅读动机为主;阅读动机和阅读元认知存在显著正相关;阅读元认知监控对阅读动机的自我效能、内部动机、社会性动机及外部动机均具有显著的直接效应。阅读元认知监控可能是影响阅读动机的重要因素,为进一步激发和研究农村初二学生的阅读动机提供了新的视角。     

高校教师科研动机实证研究

对全国部分高校教师进行问卷调查,探讨高校教师科研动机因素。结果显示高校教师科研的内部动机可归纳为科研兴趣、社会责任和贡献、获得知识和提升科研水平、科研成就感、科研工作的灵活性;外部动机可归纳为社会尊重和认可、职称晋升、获得科研奖励和荣誉、学校考核。高校教师科研动力不足且内部动机低于外部动机;不同大学教师群体在科研动机方面存在显著差异。因此需要激发高校教师科研动机尤其内部动机,并进行差异化科研管理。     

动机的自我决定理论在行为改变中的应用

动机的自我决定理论是由美国心理学家Deci和Ryan提出的动机过程理论。它不是把动机看作一个单一的概念,也不是把动机简单地区分为内部动机和外部动机,而是把动机看作一个连续体,从外部动机到内部动机需要经历三个内化程度不同的中间水平。近来的研究者发现,动机水平不同对行为改变效果的影响不同。在此理论的基础上,Ryan提出一个行为改变和保持的模型。同时,研究者还发现基于自我决定理论的心理治疗与动机性访谈技术有很多相似之处,且他们可以相互补充。     

动机对创造性影响的研究概述

创造性思维是创造性的核心,创造性思维在很大程度上体现在创造性问题解决中。动机是创造性的各个影响因素中非常重要的一个方面,大部分研究认为内部动机对创造性有积极影响,而对于外部动机对创造性的影响是积极的还是消极的存在一些争议,这可能是由于忽略了外部动机内化的过程。研究表明,内化程度高的自主取向动机比内化程度低的控制取向动机更有利于创造性。     

论内部动机的激发与学生创造性的培养

本探讨了内部动机的激发与学生创造性培养间的关系，认为内部动机对个体在活动中能否体现出创造性起着至关重要的作用，而明显的外部强制会使内部动机减弱，从而在一定程度上扼杀人的制造性。在此基础上本探讨了合理运用强化手段，注重学生主体性的培养，保护和激发学生的好奇心，对学生进行内部动机训练等培养学生创造性的方法。     

自我决定理论——动机理论的新进展

作为一种新的认知动机理论,兴起于上世纪80年代的自我决定理论获得了人们的广泛关注,显示出强劲的生命力.自我决定理论强调人类行为的自我决定程度,认为社会环境可以通过支持自主、能力、归属三种基本心理需要的满足来增强人类的内部动机、促进外部动机的内化、促使人类健康成长.本文主要对自我决定理论的四个分支理论进行阐述,并对其进行简要评价.     

认知论动机理论的发展及其应用

动机与学习的关系至为密切。文章主要介绍认识论的动机理论。认知论强调思维对行为的调控。他们把学习的成功与失败归因于能力、学习的方式、任务的难度、机遇、平时的努力、即刻的努力、教师的看法与偶然得助8个方面。而这8个方面的任何一个都可分为3个维度,即:稳定与不稳定;内部的与外部的;个人可以控制的和个人不能控制的。     

How intrinsic and extrinsic motivations function among college student samples in both Taiwan and the U.S.

To determine intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for work among college students, an online survey was conducted to collect participants' self-reported motivation and personality traits, as well as academic performance in samples of 310 American and 686 Taiwanese college student respondents. Data suggest that intrinsic and extrinsic motivations function differently in varying cultures such as Taiwan and the U.S., where Taiwanese college students’ extrinsic motivation was stronger than American college students,’ while intrinsic motivation may function differently regarding predicting academic performance between Taiwanese and American samples. In addition, the study demonstrated that diverse moderators of the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivations exist in different cultures. Specifically, the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivations was associated with the American students’ sense of self, but was moderated by the Taiwanese students’ recognition of student responsibilities. Viewing the results collectively, the study provides a nuanced understanding of different paths that students from different cultural backgrounds can follow to achieve academic success.     

大学生学习动机与创造力倾向内部因子的关系研究

本研究采用学习动机量表和威廉斯创造力倾向量表,对大学生的学习动机和创造力倾向的特点以及二者之间的关系进行了研究。使用问卷调查280名大学生,并从中选出240名有效问卷。研究结果表明：在学习动机水平上,男女生在总分上不存在显著差异,但在外生动机的依赖他人评价和追求回报两因子上均存在显著差异;大学生创造力倾向在性别上存在差异,男女生在创造力总分上存在显著差异,女生的创造力倾向要强于男生;学习动机总得分与创造力倾向总得分存在显著相关,并且内生动机对创造力倾向的影响高于外生动机;学习动机内生主导型的学生其创造力倾向得分显著高于学习动机外生主导型的学生。     

Bridge21 – exploring the potential to foster intrinsic student motivation through a team-based,technology-mediated learning model

It is generally accepted that intrinsic student motivation is a critical requirement for effective learning but formal learning in school places a huge reliance on extrinsic motivation to focus the learner. This reliance on extrinsic motivation is driven by the pressure on formal schooling to ‘deliver to the test’. The experience of the use of ICT in formal learning is marked with a naive and largely unfulfilled assumption that it would of itself promote a ‘game-changing’ shift in student motivation. This study investigates the effectiveness of a team-based, technology-mediated model called Bridge21 to encourage intrinsic student motivation. The data for the study come from 425 secondary school students, average age 16 years, who participated in workshops of 3.5 days in duration. The workshops took place in an out-of-school learning environment in one academic year. Bridge21 seeks to provide a vehicle to allow the transfer of control of learning from the teacher to the team and in this way to encourage and promote student autonomy. The principal findings reported in this paper are that participation in the workshops had a direct positive impact on the students’ perceptions around their learning and on their intrinsic motivation to learn.     

Profiles of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations in Elementary School: A Longitudinal Analysis

The authors used a person-centered, longitudinal approach to identify and evaluate naturally occurring combinations of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations among 490 third- through fifth-grade students. Cluster analysis revealed 3 groups, characterized by high levels of both motivations (high quantity): high intrinsic motivation but low extrinsic motivation (primarily intrinsic) and low intrinsic motivation but high extrinsic motivation (primarily extrinsic). Analyses of stability and change in cluster membership indicated that the primarily intrinsic cluster was most stable (76% stability) and the high-quantity cluster most precarious (45% stability) over the course of an academic year. Students in the primarily intrinsic cluster outperformed their peers in the other 2 clusters and showed the greatest increase in achievement over time.     

Motivation as Ethical Self-Formation

Motivation is a concept more frequently found in venues concerned with educational psychology than in ones concerned with educational philosophy. Under the influence of psychology, and its typically dualistic way of making sense of the world, motivation in education has tended to be viewed in dichotomous terms, for example, as intrinsic or extrinsic in character. Such psychology-derived theories of educational motivation operate within a dichotomous ontology, traceable to structuralist notions of agency versus (rather than within) structure, while exemplifying the tendency in psychology that philosopher R. S. Peters identified over half a century ago, of seeking to provide totalizing, comprehensive theories of human behaviour in emulation of the achievements of the natural sciences. This article offers an alternative reading of motivation in terms of Foucauldian ethical self-formation that attempts to recognize motivation as arising from the individuals’ socially situated and constrained agency, and that focuses on how individuals pursue learning as a way of creating a particular desired version of the self. We illustrate this approach through a vignette of Wolfgang, a Hong Kong learner of German as a third language. Although we are certainly not seeking to supplant other approaches to theorizing motivation, we believe that the approach we elaborate here contributes significantly to the repertoire of motivational research in education.     

师范院校英语和非英语专业学生学习动机的调查研究

文章通过对师范类院校英语专业和非英语专业本科生的英语学习动机的对比研究,认为英语专业学生和非英语专业学生在学习动机方面存在明显的差异:英语专业学生在学习的动机强度、外在动机和内在动机上都强于非英语专业学生;在性别差异方面,女生对英语更感兴趣,学习动机也更强烈。研究发现,个体内在的某种需要是动机产生的根本原因,而外在环境也是重要的影响因素,外部环境因素在一定程度上可以影响学生的动机强度。     

Understanding motivational structures that differentially predict engagement and achievement in middle school science

Middle school has been documented as the period in which a drop in students’ science interest and achievement occurs. This trend indicates a lack of motivation for learning science; however, little is known about how different aspects of motivation interact with student engagement and science learning outcomes. This study examines the relationships among motivational factors, engagement, and achievement in middle school science (grades 6–8). Data were obtained from middle school students in the United States (N?=?2094). The theoretical relationships among motivational constructs, including self-efficacy, and three types of goal orientations (mastery, performance approach, and performance avoid) were tested. The results showed that motivation is best modeled as distinct intrinsic and extrinsic factors; lending evidence that external, performance based goal orientations factor separately from self-efficacy and an internal, mastery based goal orientation. Second, a model was tested to examine how engagement mediated the relationships between intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors and science achievement. Engagement mediated the relationship between intrinsic motivation and science achievement, whereas extrinsic motivation had no relationship with engagement and science achievement. Implications for how classroom practice and educational policy emphasize different student motivations, and in turn, can support or hinder students’ science learning are discussed.     

Within-year changes in children’s intrinsic and extrinsic motivational orientations: Contextual predictors and academic outcomes

The present study was designed to investigate the nature, timing, and correlates of motivational change among a large sample (N = 1051) of third- through eighth-grade students. Analyses of within-year changes in students’ motivational orientations revealed that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations decreased from fall to spring, with declines in intrinsic motivation especially pronounced for the adolescents and declines in extrinsic motivation especially pronounced for the elementary students. These changes in motivation were explained, in part, by shifts in students’ perceptions of the school goal context. Findings suggested that typical age-related declines in intrinsic motivation may be minimized by a school-wide focus on mastery goals. Finally, the potential academic consequences of students’ motivational orientations were examined with a series of hierarchical multiple regressions. Intrinsic motivation and classroom achievement appeared to influence one another in a positive and reciprocal fashion. Poor classroom performance minimally predicted higher levels of extrinsic motivation, but extrinsic motivation was not a source of low classroom grades.     

自主学习环境下的学习动机研究

学习动机分为内在动机和外在动机,内在动机是自主学习能力培养的决定性因素。调查发现,在使用自主学习中心学习外语过程中,学习者的外在动机占主导地位,而内在动机严重不足。因此,进行自主学习培训,应提供网络学习资源和服务的详细信息,开展学习能力培养竞赛,展示成功范例,推进教师发展。     

动机因素在大学英语教学中的作用

动机因素在二语习得的过程中起着重要的作用。动机因素按其功能可以划分为融入型——工具型和内部型——外部型两大类。其中,融入型动机和内部型动机在英语学习中被得到更广泛的使用,对于英语学习者也产生着更加深远的影响。因此,在大学教学过程中,英语教师要对二语习得的动机理论加以正确引导,使大学生能够更加有效地学习英语。