大数据时代档案数据质量控制:现状、机制与优化路径

档案数据是大数据时代经济社会发展的重要信息资源,进行档案数据质量控制研究有助于促进档案治理能力现代化的提升。通过调查分析可知,档案数据存有政策法规缺失、数量巨大结构复杂、数据实践处于起步阶段等现状。基于现状特征构建了档案数据质量控制机制:数据监督管控机制、技术保障机制、质量评估机制,并提出增强档案数据质量控制顶层设计,筑造档案数据质量技术保护屏障,构建档案数据质量评估方法体系等优化路径。     

The European Union,China, and the United States in the top-1% and top-10% layers of most-frequently cited publications: Competition and collaborations

The percentages of shares of world publications of the European Union and its member states, China, and the United States have been represented differently as a result of using different databases. An analytical variant of the Web-of-Science (of Thomson Reuters) enables us to study the dynamics in the world publication system in terms of the field-normalized top-1% and top-10% most-frequently cited publications. Comparing the EU28, USA, and China at the global level shows a top-level dynamic that is different from the analysis in terms of shares of publications: the United States remains far more productive in the top-1% of all papers; China drops out of the competition for elite status; and the EU28 increased its share among the top-cited papers from 2000 to 2010. Some of the EU28 member states overtook the United States during this decade; but a clear divide remains between EU15 (Western Europe) and the Accession Countries. Network analysis shows that China was embedded in this top-layer of internationally co-authored publications. These publications often involve more than a single European nation.