冷战早期美国国家形象塑造研究综述

美国国家形象塑造作为冷战史研究的一个重要问题,近年来备受学界关注。学者们有意识地运用跨学科路径,将历史考据与文本解读和话语分析有机结合起来,对美国总体形象构建、国内特定群体形象塑造、利用特定媒介(实景展示媒介、传统纸质媒介和电子视听媒介)进行国家形象塑造以及美国身份的自我形塑或他者建构等四个方面展开深入研究,从而极大地拓展了美国冷战史的研究视域,有助于我们更多地考察作为软实力维度的国家形象话语或象征因素在冷战中的独特作用,进而深刻理解美国国家形象、海外身份认同与现行外交之间的关系。当然,鉴于该问题既深且广,学者们在国家形象概念界定及其作用、美国冷战宣传(心理)战略与国家形象塑造战略之间的互动关系、国家形象修辞与冷战机制变革的相互作用、国际交流活动在美国海外形象(身份)建构中的复杂角色、效果评价等问题上仍然需要继续深入探究。     

近年来国内史学界关于冷战时期美日同盟问题研究述评

冷战时期美日同盟问题研究是亚洲冷战史研究的一个重要组成部分．它不仅反映了美对日政策的演变．而且还揭示了战后美国的亚洲战略及亚洲冷战的起源和演变。更为甚者,在冷战结束后,作为冷战产物的美日同盟并没有随着冷战结束而解体．而是继续存在并走向强化．这一现象又使得冷战时期美日同盟问题成为国际学术界反思和研究的焦点。     

冷战后美国对朝政策——战略缺失与敌意螺旋的形成

冷战至今在美朝保持接触与对话的背景下,朝鲜先后进行三次核试验与多次卫星发射,美朝间的敌意也进一步加剧。这不仅与朝鲜改善对美关系的愿望相悖,也有悖于美国全球范围内消除大规模杀伤性武器扩散的战略目标。同时,也使得中国矢志不渝追求的朝鲜半岛"和平稳定"与"无核化"两大战略目标越来越远。到底是什么原因导致了这一"多方共输"的结果?为了回答这一问题,本文首先回顾了冷战后美国的对朝政策。接着从战略概念的界定出发,指出冷战后美国对朝战略缺失的现实以及导致美国战略缺失的原因。在此基础上,通过分析冷战后朝鲜的国家战略特别是对美战略期待,详细分析了美国对朝战略缺失与美朝敌意螺旋形成的逻辑关联。     

冷战后美国外交战略的演变

冷战结束以来,美国在凭借其世界唯一超级大国的有利机会继续谋求世界霸权的同时,其外交战略中的单边武力色彩越来越浓,对整个国际格局走势和我国和谐社会建设产生深刻影响。研究冷战后美国外交战略的演变,趋利避害,对加快和谐社会建设具有十分重大的理论价值和现实意义。     

冷战初期美国对伊朗的心理战研究

冷战初期,对伊朗的争夺是美苏冷战斗争的一个焦点。为了让伊朗服务于美国的全球冷战战略,成为遏制苏联南下的桥头堡,美国杜鲁门政府和艾森豪威尔政府除了采取军事、外交、经济策略外,还采用了"第四种选择",即以宣传为主的心理战来实现对伊朗的政策目标。但是,由于指导思想的错误,加之以僵化的冷战意识形态应对复杂的伊朗局势,美国对伊朗心理战只取得了短期和局部的成效,无法取得美国冷战决策者们预期的终极效果。运用历史唯物主义的观点,借助近年来解密的美国政府档案文件,对冷战初期美国对伊朗心理战进行探讨,有助于了解美国对伊朗的心理战略、实施过程、特点、成效以及未能取得预期效果的原因。     

冷战后美国外交战略的演变

冷战结束以来,美国在凭借其世界唯一超级大国的有利机会继续谋求世界霸权的同时,其外交战略中的单边武力色彩越来越浓,对整个国际格局走势和我国和谐社会建设产生深刻影响.研究冷战后美国外交战略的演变,趋利避害,对加快和谐社会建设具有十分重大的理论价值和现实意义.     

试析冷战后美国对外战略的制约因素

冷战后美国对外战略的制约因素主要包括美国实力相对下降的限制、美国国内问题的牵制、冷战后美国对外战略自身矛盾性的抑制、世界多极力量的抵制以及世界共同利益的钳制等。     

冷战后美国国家安全战略的调整与中美战略关系

冷战结束后,国际关系格局发生巨大改变。冷战时被美国视为屉主要威胁的苏联解体。面对变化了的国际格局,美国对冷战后的国家安全环境重新评估,开始酝酿其国家安全战略的大调整并形成了新的美国国家安全战略。美国国家安全战略是美国全球战略的关键部分,称霸和维护霸权是美国安全的本质,美国的安全战略都是围绕着这一本质而制定和实施的。从诞生迄今,美国国家安全战略几经调整,虽然出现了一些新特点,但本质并未改变。中国在美国亚太战略调整中被放到了重中之重的地位。中国作为一个国家实力与日俱增的地缘战略大国,与美国有着不同的意识形态、价值观念和社会制度,被美国视为潜在战略对手,为了遏制中国强大,美国进行了一系列战略部署。     

试析冷战后美国全球霸权战略的新调整

文章对冷战后美国全球霸权战略的新调整问题进行分析,认为美国霸权战略是从冷战期间以欧洲为重点向冷战后以亚太地区为侧重的调整,其本质是服务于美国称霸全球的战略需要。这一战略在实施过程中对中国已形成潜在的影响。     

从处理台湾问题看江泽民中美博弈的领导艺术

冷战后国际格局演变,美国认为中美失去联合抗苏的战略定位,因而寻求对华新的战略定位,不断提升美台关系,打“台湾牌”,以台制华。台湾问题的地位也随之上升,从冷战时期被搁置在“后炉灶”走到前台,成为中美关系的核心问题,“台独”随之抬头并不断膨胀,成为中美关系中的“制造麻烦者”。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.