网络行为数据的适用性评估问题初探

[目的/意义]探讨网络行为数据适用性的意涵、影响因素和评估方法，为相关研究提供参考，以促进此类数据的科学使用。[方法/过程]利用文献法梳理出网络行为数据适用性的核心影响因素，进而以此为基础，结合情报素材评估和社会调查数据评估领域的已有成果，探索如何对网络行为数据的适用性进行评估。[结果/结论]最终提出符合网络行为数据特征的适用性评估框架与方法，并结合案例初步验证所提方法的可用性。     

Adults Learning to Use the Internet: A Longitudinal Study of Attitudes and Other Factors Associated with Intended Internet Use

This longitudinal study, carried out between November 1993 and 1998, investigated the reasons that adult learners in Iceland gave for wanting to learn about the Internet, and their attitudes to it. Data were collected through a short open-ended electronic mail survey delivered to participants in Internet training courses held in Iceland over a three-year period. The authors describe the three stages in the research: identification of elements of an analytical framework; testing of a behavioral intention model of Internet use based on the theory of planned behavior; and use of the model to identify attitudes to the Internet, social influences on Internet use, perceived control of Internet use, and changes in these factors as the Internet became more widely known. They observed that learners' intended uses of the Internet became more specific between 1994 and 1996. While the influence of the media and the general community increased in this period, attitudes remained relatively stable. Participants found the Internet interesting and useful, with positive advantages over other media. They were positively disposed toward it as a source of information. For some, use was constrained by perceptions that they needed to have more knowledge or understanding in order to use the Internet better.     

基于应答者视角的网络调查参与行为影响因素研究

针对影响网络用户不参与网络调查的因素,运用因子分析和相关分析法从被调查者角度进行研究。研究结果表明：奖励、调查形式、调查内容、技术能力和个人信息因子是影响网民不参与网络调查的原因。其中,奖励因子仅对未参与过网络调查的应答者有显著影响,对参与过网络调查的应答者没有显著影响;调查者身份不是影响网民不参与网络调查的重要因素。     

Parent-Child Communication about Internet Use and Acceptance of Parental Authority

Structural equation modeling is applied to investigate how parents’ communication with their child about his or her Internet use is linked to the child’s acceptance of parental authority in the context of Internet use, and how this in turn is linked to the child’s social media behavior. This study surveyed children aged 13 to 18 and their mothers and fathers (N = 357 families) and found that acceptance of parental authority is a key factor in the effectiveness of parental mediation. It is recommended that parental mediation is studied as a dynamic process shaped by both parents and children.     

职业女性网络健康信息搜寻行为影响因素及社会支持的调节效应研究

[目的/意义] 研究职业女性网络健康信息搜寻行为，探明其影响因素，有助于健康信息平台为职业女性提供有针对性的信息服务，满足职业女性的健康信息需求。[方法/过程] 以压力应对理论和技术接受模型为理论基础，构建网络健康信息搜寻行为影响因素模型，考虑社会支持对压力作用的调节效应，以职业女性为研究对象，通过问卷调研和结构方程建模进行实证研究。[结果/结论] 研究结果显示，职业女性所面临的工作压力、家庭压力和生理压力会使女性产生焦虑情绪，从而促使她们进行网络健康信息的搜寻。同时，网络的有用性和易用性也决定了职业女性的网络健康信息搜寻行为。值得注意的是，我们发现社会支持不仅没有缓解各压力带来的影响，反而会加剧压力，尤其是生理压力的影响。     

“Glocal” patterns of communication-information convergences in Internet use: Cross-cultural behavior of international teaching assistants in a culturally alien information environment

There is minimal research on the cross-cultural needs, priorities, and behaviors of international participants immersed in contemporary culturally alien information environments. Through a quantitative analysis of Internet use patterns of international teaching assistants (ITA) studying in graduate school at a representative university in the United States, the authors discover communication-information convergences in ITAs’ use of the Internet as a “glocal” network, connecting the “global” and “local” dimensions in their everyday lives. The paper identifies dual functions of the Internet considered meaningful to the ITAs in the diaspora, namely: (1) to engage in various communication activities with friends and family in their home countries (the “global”), thereby providing psychological comfort and overcoming social isolation; and (2) to conduct information gathering activities that establish coping mechanisms for ITAs in their new homes in the United States (the “local”). The paper presents empirical data highlighting correlations between communication and information intersections in ITAs’ use of the Internet. Findings extend past Internet research and user studies in traditional communication and information research, which only alluded to these communication-information convergence processes, to better understand how international people use the Internet in present-day cross-cultural contexts of interaction.     

图书馆移动阅读用户接纳行为影响因素研究

[目的/意义]移动互联网技术和信息消费的发展为图书馆移动阅读发展提供了良好条件,研究图书馆移动阅读服务的用户接纳行为影响因素对推动图书馆移动服务功能建设有重要意义。[方法/过程]基于TAM和ISSM,构建图书馆移动阅读影响因素模型,运用问卷调查法和结构方程法,针对典型用户群体发放问卷,进行数据分析。[结果/结论]数据分析结果表明,感知易用性、感知有用性、信息有用性、内部环境质量、外部环境质量均对移动服务阅读使用态度产生正向影响,信息时效性对用户采纳态度不产生影响;用户移动服务阅读使用态度对移动服务阅读采纳行为产生正向影响。分析结果可为我国公共图书馆和高校图书馆了解移动阅读中的用户行为特征,采取相应的转型升级策略起到一定的指导作用。     

移动互联网环境下产学研协同创新隐性知识共享影响因素实证研究

[目的/意义]移动互联网环境下产学研协同创新隐性知识共享影响因素的分析,对推动产学研各方更好地利用移动互联网资源进行知识共享,加快产学研协同创新科技成果转化具有重要意义.[方法/过程]在总结和归纳文献的基础上,构建产学研协同创新隐性知识共享意愿和隐性知识共享行为之间的影响因素概念模型,运用实证研究方法中的结构方程对构建的模型进行检验.[结果/结论]隐性知识共享内容、移动互联网环境、移动互联网技术对隐性知识共享意愿具有正向影响,隐性知识共享意愿与移动互联网技术能够直接正向影响隐性知识共享行为.     

A comparative study on information-seeking behaviors of domestic and international business students

This study investigates information-seeking behavior of one particular segment of international students—international students seeking degrees in the field of business. The author surveyed domestic and international business students enrolled in the College of Business at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The survey was designed to compare their perceptions of library services and information-seeking behaviors. This study focused on three aspects: (1) how domestic and international business students assess the effectiveness of library instruction sessions; (2) how domestic and international business students use library services; and (3) how domestic and international business students use the Internet for their research. The survey results offer insights into understanding different perceptions of these two student groups with respect to their library use patterns and research strategies.     

A Network Analytic Approach to Understanding Cross-Platform Audience Behavior

This article explains and implements a network analytic approach to the study of cross-platform audience behavior. It begins by conceptualizing large-scale patterns of media use in network terms, treating media outlets as nodes and the levels of audience duplication among them as links. Following that, it explains 2 common measures of audience duplication, Absolute Duplication and Primary Duplication, and offers a new measure, Deviation-from-Random Duplication. In doing so, techniques for converting duplication data into network data are discussed. This approach is then applied to analyze patterns of audience fragmentation, media publics, and audience polarization using data from Nielsen's TV/Internet Convergence Panel. The findings show the value of using a network approach, by contributing to an alternative understanding of these patterns. Economic and policy implications are discussed, as well as broader reflections on the use of network analysis in the study of audience behavior.     

Gratifications,chronic loneliness and internet use

This study examined how chronic loneliness is associated with gratifications‐sought and its effect on Internet use. Results from a telephone survey of 864 Internet users of 16‐years of age or older found that surveillance, affection, and social interaction were strongest instrumental use of the Internet followed by ritualized use such as entertainment, escape, and arousal. The proposition that the chronically lonely derive fewer gratifications from Internet use than do the situationally lonely and the nonlonely people was not supported. Moreover, no consistent patterns of ritualized or instrumental use of the Internet were found when comparing the chronically lonely and the nonlonely groups. However, the hypothesis that chronically lonely persons will report less active use of the Internet such as using e‐mail, surfing the WWW, reading online news, and playing online games than do the situationally lonely and the nonlonely persons received much support. Finally, regression results show that instrumental gratifications were more predictive of Internet activities for the nonlonely group than the lonely group. Implications of loneliness on Internet use in Chinese culture are discussed.     

“社会信息资本”：未成年人网络行为质化探索下的概念发现

[目的/意义] 旨在发现并解释造成未成年人互联网利用行为差异的影响因素,以此作为消弭未成年人互联网差异的理论依据。[方法/过程] 在189份田野访谈资料基础上,借助扎根理论方法得出其影响因素。[结果/结论] 未成年人互联网利用行为差异的影响因素包括个体社会网络关系、个体社会网络关系资源、利用行为先例、利用行为共享、个体资本、技术资本和利用行为共同体（空间）。未来研究重点是这些影响因素对未成年人互联网利用行为的影响和作用机制。     

移动社交媒体环境下用户错失焦虑症(FoMO)的研究回顾与展望

[目的/意义]随着技术的发展和环境的变化,用户对于移动社交媒体的依赖程度和使用频率激增,错失焦虑症（fear of missing out,FoMO）已经从原先的个体现象演化为一种广泛存在的社会症候群。对这一新兴群体现象进行系统梳理及分析,以更好地理解移动社交媒体环境下用户信息行为及其背后的认知模式和心理因素。[方法/过程]以国外现有相关研究文献为基础,结合沉浸体验、网络/手机上瘾等相关研究成果,从移动社交媒体环境下FoMO的概念阐述、测量量表以及影响因素3方面进行研究回顾,最后从理论方法和实践操作的角度对移动社交媒体环境下FoMO的未来研究方向进行展望。[结果/结论]以往的FoMO研究对于概念辨析、情境界定以及多方法的融合方面具有较大的局限性,且针对我国移动互联网和移动社交媒体开展的FoMO理论和实证研究几乎为空白。因此,这一命题对于我国信息管理研究者,尤其是用户信息行为研究方向有很大的探索空间。     

Religiosity and the digital divide in Canada

The digital divide refers to the differential patterns of Internet access adoption and usage across different segments of populations. The digital divide has been linked to demographic variables such as age and gender, and socioeconomic characteristics such as education and income. Using a nationally representative Canadian survey (N = 27,223) conducted in 2013, this paper investigates whether religiosity has an independent effect on the digital divide, accounting for the previously validated predictors of Internet use. Religiosity is found to negatively associate with Internet access and activity, controlling for a large set of characteristics such as age, ethnicity, education, and income. The religiosity-related gaps in the usage patterns appear to indicate lifestyle differences for those without any tie with religion compared with the individuals of average religiosity. For the very religious, the gaps indicate that they utilize the Internet for social networking less than others. Various implications are discussed.     

国内外老年人互联网使用行为研究述评

[目的/意义]在老龄化社会和信息化社会同时到来的时代背景下,研究老年人互联网使用情况,一方面可以为开发老年服务产业提供理论依据,另一方面也为满足老年人生活需要,改善老年人生活质量提供有价值的建议。[方法/过程]基于老年人互联网使用行为,讨论研究中涉及的互联网服务内容和类型,在此基础上对老年人互联网使用的价值研究和影响因素研究成果进行系统梳理与述评。[结果/结论]老年人使用互联网对提升生活幸福感、降低孤独感、提高社区归属感以及增强认知能力有一定的作用;在使用动机和接受因素方面,感知有用性、感知易用性、自我效能、结果预期和一些构成因素会影响老年人使用互联网的意愿与行为。未来研究可以聚焦在提供更符合老年人需求的互联网服务、根据具体互联网使用内容分析对老年人产生的价值、挖掘老年人特有的互联网使用影响因素、探讨新型互联网环境中如何促进老年人使用网络服务4个领域,形成有针对性的理论创新与建议。     

Social inclusion and the City of Swan public libraries in Western Australia

The focus of this paper is on an understanding of social exclusion/inclusion: the concept and how a specific public library service, namely the City of Swan Public Library service, has responded to this social issue. The terms social inclusion/exclusion are explored and clarified from an international, Western Australian State Government, and public library perspective. This is followed by a brief overview of Western Australia as an Australian state, and how public libraries operate based on a partnership with the State Library of Western Australia and Local Government. The City of Swan Public Libraries are described in some depth and also portrayed in their local setting namely the City of Swan, a city of extensive growth that offers a unique environment of both rural and urban areas. The concept of social inclusion is then applied to the City of Swan Public Library service and how the library service addresses social inclusion within its physical environment, policies, operations, future planning, programmes and services. This includes the results of a Library Non-user Survey that was conducted in 2001. The aims of this survey were to: ascertain why non-users within the City of Swan do not make use of the library facilities; explore why past members were not using the library services; examine the effectiveness of library promotions; and investigate the access to and usage of the Internet. The paper concludes with a list of the potential social conditions of which public libraries need to be aware in their strategic planning activities so that community members are not excluded from participating and accessing the public library service.     

Social media use in local government: Linkage of technology,task, and organizational context

Social media technologies have begun to enter the governmental workplace as tools to accomplish improved public service and engagement. Widespread recognition of the potential of social media technology for achieving public outcomes does not match our understanding about how and why specific tools are being used for specific purposes. This paper makes use of newly collected national survey data from local government managers in five different agencies to address the questions: which social media tools are being used, for which tasks or purposes; and what organizational characteristics influence the coupling of task and technology. Findings reveal patterns of social media tool application for particular purposes, although organizations do not all use social media tools in the same way. Moreover, regression analysis shows that different organizational factors – work characteristics, innovativeness, technology and management capacity and stakeholder influence – predict each of the four technology–task couplings — social media for dissemination, social media for feedback on service quality, social media for participation, and social media for internal work collaboration. This study demonstrates that social media tools are not a monolithic group and calls for greater research attention to the complex interactions among social media technology, task and organizational context.     

数字反哺与群体压力:老年群体微信朋友圈使用行为影响因素研究

本文以北京市60岁以上使用微信朋友圈的老年群体作为研究对象,使用整合型技术接受和使用理论模型(UTAUT)作为理论框架,通过结构方程模型对老年群体使用微信朋友圈的意愿与行为进行分析。研究发现,影响老年群体微信朋友圈使用行为关键的两个潜变量是使用意愿和数字反哺;在影响使用意愿的潜变量中总效应最高的两个潜变量依次是子代社会经济地位、社群影响,而风险感知与使用意愿呈负效应;在影响使用行为的潜变量中,使用意愿、子代社会经济地位和数字反哺意愿是效应最高的潜变量。在此基础上,本文延展和构建了老年群体的新技术使用UTAUT模型。     

青年人社交网站使用动机研究

为更好地理解青年人互联网的使用与社会动机方面错综复杂的关系,对青年人社交网站的使用行为做基本分析,并讨论归属需要、担心拒绝这两个社会动机与青年人社交网站使用之间的关系。研究结果显示,归属需要与担心拒绝都是社交网站使用的重要预测值,归属需要越强烈的人,其SNS的使用强度也越高;与之相反,担心拒绝心态越强的人,SNS使用强度则越低。     

Is Information-Seeking Behavior of Doctoral Students Changing?: A Review of the Literature (2010–2015)

The advent of the Internet and networked communications in the last 15 years has arguably considerably changed the information behaviors of doctoral students, including the discovery process. Information seeking includes initiating a search, constructing search strategies, and locating and evaluating the identified sources. Current research on information-seeking behaviors is focusing on understanding how the Internet, social media, and other technological and communication-based changes, including mobile technologies, have changed the way students seek information in order to understand the information behaviors of the students of tomorrow. This article offers a review of the literature on information-seeking behaviors, with a particular focus on recent years (2010–2015). It aims to determine whether notable changes in the information-seeking behavior of doctoral students have emerged in recent years. The study shows that the information-seeking behaviors of doctoral students follow a steady trend, with some subtle changes, particularly in the (patchy) use of social media and networking sites. There appears to be more similarities than differences across disciplines in the information-seeking behaviors of doctoral students. Considerations to their information literacy skills are given to understand better the role supervisors and library staff can play to support the doctoral students population in the early stages of the research process.