Mythology,narrative, and discourse in Javanese wayang: towards cross-level theories for the new development paradigm

The field of development communication has been experiencing a paradigm shift toward an emphasis upon pluralistic, localized, and more participatory communication within the larger political and cultural environments. The emerging paradigm implicitly rejects both the ahistorical and individual-level biases of modernization theory as well as the reductionist social structural biases of dependency theory, and instead focuses upon human action within sociocultural, political, and economic contexts. There has been, however, little academic movement in the form of new theoretical formulations suited to this shift toward a new paradigm of development. This paper discusses the need for and the difficulties of cross-level theorizing in development communication which can help explain the actions of individuals within their larger sociocultural and political contexts; proposes a cross-level approach to communication and development based upon theories of mythology, discourse, and narrative; and illustrates the approach with an examination of indigenous media and the social roles of the shadow puppet (wayang) mythology in Central Java, Indonesia. Implications for applied work in development are discussed.     

Reciprocal (and Reductionist?) Newswork

This paper builds upon previous research that examines participatory forms of “reciprocal journalism” and “public communication” led by high school and college students in Miami, Florida, USA, in the fall of 2014. In this study, the students’ assessment of local and national media coverage is used to reveal greater details inherent in examining participatory methods of newswork. Collectively, students said that media coverage emphasis on local and national public officials instead of residents and community members who experience sea-level rise first-hand, combined with a lack of scientific explanation of and solutions for sea-level rise reduced the event's potential to build reciprocal relationships with younger audiences.     

社区信息学的主要方法

社区信息学具有实践性强、基于案例的特点,研究方法与工作方法密不可分。常用的方法有社区分析、参与式方法、社区记忆记录等。这些方法的综合运用,有利于揭示本地情境,调动社区资源,鼓励社区发展。     

企业信息资源管理的基本范式

从社会学范式理论出发,对企业信息资源管理领域的8个主要范式,包括竞争范式、合作范式、工具范式、自动化范式、系统规划范式、进化范式、技术范式和人文主义范式的基本概念与核心价值进行科学界定,对其优、缺点进行深入分析,并进一步讨论各范式之间的关系。指出多重范式的提出与确定为企业信息资源管理活动提供了多维视角,有助于我们更好地解析企业信息资源管理的理论与实践。     

Open Access and Liberal Education: A Look at Armenia,Azerbaijan, and Georgia

In the post-Soviet era, libraries in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia have faced increasing budgetary challenges. In response to socioeconomic restructuring and the introduction of private enterprise, libraries have been forced to seek alternatives to commercial publishing and licensing models. In this article the authors will assess the status of the open access movement and of Internet filtering controls in the countries of the South Caucasus. They will also argue that developing open models for scholarly communication is crucial to the strengthening of liberal education and civic participation in these aspiring democracies. Libraries, in their role as providers of and advocates for shared information, have a vital role to play in this mission.     

社交媒体环境中的参与式档案管理模式探析

用理论建构的方法探讨社交媒体环境中档案管理的转型问题,提出参与式的档案管理模式。首先,界定基于特里·库克的社会/社区范式而提出的参与式档案管理模式的内涵; 其次,对社交媒体环境中的参与式档案管理模式进行具体解析,论证其必要性;最后,从目标、理念、对象、主体、平台、鉴定标准以及管理模型7个方面阐述参与式档案管理模式的具体内容。     

Triadic exchange as design practice

Contemporary “dyadic” perspectives on symbolic and material exchange emphasize reception or consumption in place of longstanding concentration on transmission or production. Analysis of the dyadic model reveals its limitations and suggests a triadic approach to specify how the resource environment—the integrative “field”—of exchange provides material‐symbolic support for creative action. The historical example of the Hawthorne Studies, in organizational communication, and the contemporary effort of hardware and software designers to derive user‐based approaches to computer‐mediated communication illustrate how (a) consumption‐production; (b) textual; and (c) ritual models can usefully inform (d) a participatory design approach that expands comprehension of the dynamics of triadic exchange.     

Engaging Participative Communities in Cultural Heritage: Using Digital Storytelling in Sicily (Italy)

The paper describes the project #iziTRAVELSicilia which is using digital storytelling for engaging heritage communities. The objective of the project was to bridge the Sicilian gap in cultural heritage communication using a participatory approach with the local communities, in the framework defined by the Faro Convention. The paper evidences the digital storytelling role in engaging communities to promote their heritage, promoting new partnership with local cultural heritage institutions. The positive impact of digital storytelling in cultural heritage promotion in Sicily is evidenced by the quantitative results achieved and by the feedback collected by a survey.     

Online speech and democratic culture: a comparison of freedom of online speech between South Korea and the United States

Civil libertarian doctrine which was dominant during the twentieth century argued that the main goal of freedom of speech was to ensure that the public would be well-informed and actively engage in public deliberation. A literal extension of this claim to the Internet age often justifies the regulation of online speech under the assumption that harmful communication undermines the public interest. This study challenges civil libertarianism and proposes a new thesis of freedom of online speech, which posits that online speech should be understood in terms of a democratic culture where every individual participates freely and without restraints in the process of meaning making that constitute her/him as an autonomous individual. Based on such a theoretical concept, this study identifies three important aspects of online speech freedom – unfettered speech, anonymous speech, and participatory speech – and then compares the status of online speech between South Korea and the United States. This research suggests that a society should understand the unique nature of online speech and then arrange the legal system to fit into it.     

Negotiating Genre and New Media for STEM News

ABSTRACT

This article—co-authored by a transdisciplinary team of social scientists and journalists in the United States—traces changes to the news landscape in recent decades, and asks: How are legacy media producers grappling with these new realities? As part of a four-year collaboration on young adult news consumption, we take a participatory action research approach to this question, tacking back and forth between newsroom concepts and anthropological ones in pursuit of a synthesis that strengthens both. Starting from anthropological frameworks of participation, the authors argue that broadcast videos typically position their audiences as overhearers rather than interlocutors, while the reverse is true for social media, and that these tendencies shape audience expectations. We find that many audiences have what we call poetic motivations: they are drawn to stories that exemplify their genre. For example, the participatory nature of social media genres translates well to a more candid style that can incorporate live questions and other direct participation. The study reported here focuses on STEM news, but many of the findings apply to news production in general. Our reflective methods can also be applied more widely in the field of journalism to synthesize perspectives from theory and practice.     

新一代学术交流生态系统的研究与构建——以北京大学为例

[目的/意义] 通过学术交流生态系统的研究与北京大学学术交流生态系统的初步构建,为高校与科研机构建设学术交流生态系统,推动学术交流和开放获取服务提供研究与实践参考经验。[方法/过程] 梳理学术交流概念、模式、功能与国内外研究发展情况,分析学术交流环境变化,指出开放获取、数据驱动研究范式、软件工具发展、社交媒体、教育教学新变革等因素驱动学术交流生态系统重构。介绍北京大学新一代学术交流生态系统的研究成果、架构设计、构建经验与服务效果,总结机构知识库、研究数据服务、开放出版、学者主页与研究支持服务等建设经验与效果。[结果/结论] 研究提出新一代学术交流生态系统,是以开放学术交流为目标,以学术资源数据汇集为基础,覆盖完整学术交流生命周期,提供研究准备、学术发现、研究与分析、写作、发布、传播与评价等学术交流全流程服务,并利用文献计量、数据挖掘、机器学习等新技术,为教学、科研、科研管理、学科评估等提供支持。总结研究成果和经验,为高校与科研机构建设学术交流生态系统提供有价值的研究与建设参考经验。推动学术交流发展,促进研究创新。     

Evolving Workflows: Knowing when to Hold'em,Knowing when to Fold'em

Electronic resource management (ERM) workflows in academic libraries are characterized by their complex and constantly shifting nature. This article describes four phases of effective workflow management including careful planning, development of workflow strategies, staffing and identification of resources, and integration of ERM and communication tools. The importance of supporting effective communication strategies is emphasized throughout the article. Information obtained from informal interviews with eight academic librarians provides discussion points on workflows given up and workflows maintained as libraries transition to larger electronic resource collections.     

参与式视域下疫情档案信息服务模式建构研究

本文基于融合参与式和新媒体交互服务理念,从参与主体、参与资源、参与平台、参与保障四个维度对疫情档案信息服务的需求特征进行梳理,构建“资源联合开发”“公私联动服务”“信息链接推送”三种模式,并以疫情电子纪念馆、抗疫纪录片、疫情相关推文为典型案例进行实例分析。所构建的参与式疫情档案信息服务模式能够在新冠肺炎疫情的暴发和持续隔离影响下有效地提供“云服务”,为档案部门提升社会服务能力和危机治理能力提供参考。     

Collecting the easily missed stories: digital participatory microhistory and the South Asian American Digital Archive

This paper defines and delineates the concept of participatory microhistory through an examination of the South Asian American Digital Archive’s First Days Project, a community-based online project that solicits short audio, video and written narratives about South Asians immigrants’ first day in the United States. First, this paper provides a brief overview of the history of the South Asian American Digital Archive and the First Days Project. Next, this paper highlights three important functions filled by participatory microhistory projects: they generate new records that represent perspectives not commonly found in archives, they convey an important sense of emotion and affect, and they effectively solicit community participation in the archival endeavour. Throughout, this paper explores participatory microhistory projects as tools to harness technology for community empowerment and build support for archives.     

论档案知识管理理论范式的形成与发展

基于档案知识观理论取向,以库恩的范式理论为基础,通过分析以后保管模式为代表的理论成果和以中国人民大学信息资源管理学院为代表的学术共同体,认为档案知识管理理论范式在国内已经形成,其具有重视档案资源的组织开发和档案知识服务以及档案知识管理技术研究等特征,未来该理论范式将向以人为本、资源共享和智慧管理的方向发展。     

从传播学成果的利用探讨当代图书馆工作的发展

介绍了谢拉成功地将传播学引进图书馆学,分析出传播学理论在图书馆文献信息传播中起的重要作用,并借鉴和利用传播学的研究成果,探讨传播学理论在读者服务、信息传递和图书馆建设上的影响和启示,阐述传播学促进了当代图书馆的进步和发展。     

当前信息环境下地方社科院图书馆的发展障碍与对策

文章分析了我国地方社科院图书馆当前面临的几大发展障碍,有针对性地提出尝试建立合约性的图书馆联盟管理体制、走"特色兴馆"之路、完善服务功能、着力推行人力资源管理新战略等若干地方社科院图书馆在新的信息环境下的发展思路与对策。     

The environmental self and a sense of place: Communication foundations for regional ecosystem management

In order to engage in large‐scale ecosystem management, natural resource managers must take into account the perceptions of citizens living in areas to be managed in a sustainable manner. Among other bases for perception, an individual's “sense of place” and beliefs connecting the self to a larger environment play pivotal roles in the process of attending to advocacy regarding natural resource policies. This study examines the perceptions of individuals living in the Lake Superior basin regarding their identification with a sense of place. Analysis of interview and survey data reveals that interviewees relate themselves to their region and environment primarily by way of “natural” and “social” features in their daily lives and that one's focus on either of the two dimensions, as well as their perceptions of various activities, is mediated by how long they have lived in the area. Implications for the development of ecosystem management communication campaigns are discussed.     

我国e印本文库的发展策略

在介绍e印本文库(“e-print archive”)的基本问题,包括中文翻译、基本内涵、工作原理和类型的基础上,回顾其发展历程和国内外发展现状;借鉴国外e印本文库发展的实践经验,提出发展我国e印本文库的基本策略和宏观管理模式。