The Internet,Spatial Data Globalization,and Data Use: The Case of Tibet

The World Bank has been the largest multilateral source of rural telecommunications financing in developing countries since the mid-1960s. This article analyzes World Bank-sponsored studies of rural telecommunications initiatives in Chile, Peru, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Malaysia to identify which lessons the bank draws from them and recommends for other countries. The World Bank's preference for a “best practice” approach in its research leads it to attribute successes and failures to a narrow scope of factors that tend to agree with its economic policy priorities. Instead, rural telecommunications practices should be analyzed within their broader socio-institutional and cultural contexts in order to enable cross-situational applications, and a broad array of stakeholders should be involved in shaping the lessons learned.     

The Internet, Spatial Data Globalization, and Data Use: The Case of Tibet

One of the fastest growing forms of downloadable Internet-based data involves digital map layers that contain spatial features suitable for analysis with a geographic information system (GIS). The availability of networked spatial data has fostered tremendous growth in the importance and use of location-based services, and it is now commonplace to find a wide variety of map-based applications and data sets on the Internet for unrestricted download. Despite the rapid growth in spatial data resources, there has been scant attention paid to their currentness, lineage, locational accuracy, completeness, and overall usefulness. This article discusses the quality of Internet spatial data by taking an extreme case to evaluate both the availability and the usefulness of spatial data posted on publicly accessible Web sites. The case study examined is Tibet, which is selected purposively because it lies at or beyond the fringes of the network society. The issue examined concerns the rehabilitation potential of locatable Buddhist monasteries. In undertaking this assessment, the efficacy of the current Internet as a source of useful spatial data is brought into question.     

HCV感染的流行与传播及转归

病毒性肝炎是严重影响人类健康的常见传染病，以乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎的发病率最高。在广泛采用乙型肝炎病毒血清学筛查后，输血后乙型肝炎的发病率逐年降低，而输血后丙型肝炎则占大部分，且呈逐年上升趋势。本文在查阅大量的国内外文献基础上，认为丙型肝炎慢性化程度高，且与肝硬化、肝癌等的发生及发展显著相关。     

The Internet as network,world, co-construction,and mode of governance

The Internet is unlike anything else in the history of technology. It is neither a tool nor a machine, but a network. As such, it is a new type of technical system. It resembles the telephone system in some respects, but it also has similarities to broadcast networks that distribute entertainment, shopping malls that distribute goods, and transportation systems insofar as it opens new “worlds” to its users. What is more, the users of the Internet take on new capacities and identities through their participation in the network, most obviously the unprecedented absorption in mediated social relations exemplified by Facebook. This Perspective article will attempt to put some order in the understanding of the Internet in terms of three theoretical approaches, loosely interpreted to suit this new object. These approaches are actor network theory, the phenomenological concept of world, and Simondon’s concepts of individuation and concretization.     

网络伦理的层次性、根源与对策

网络的基本特征是现实性与虚拟性的统一。网络伦理规范具有高、中、低不同的层次性,其根源主要在于网络自身的特征;人性本身的特点及网民自身的素质;计算机公司和网站不同的经营目的。加强网络伦理道德建设,必须规范计算机公司和网站的经营行为;加强网民的道德自律意识;规范中小学生上网行为;加强网络执法力度。