图书馆数字资源访问统计研究

分析了国内外图书馆数字资源访问统计的研究现状，探讨了进行图书馆数字资源访问统计的方法，比较了数字资源访问统计的指标，并就目前我国图书馆数字资源访问统计存在的问题进行了讨论。     

Data Visualization as Participatory Research: A Model for Digital Collections to Inspire User-Driven Research

The emerging creative practices of digital collections are increasing in prominence thanks to the access to, and appeal of, data visualizations. Interactive data visualizations, such as a map, timeline, chart, graph, or artist’s rendering of data, enable users to pursue their own research interests within a collection and participate in new areas of research. Use of these data visualizations enhances the scope of the collection and enables a modern and diverse thematic collection to emerge. This article considers the question: Does the addition of data visualizations affect how users participate with a research collection? Impacts on collection development, application of user-centered design, and analysis of users’ exploratory strategies are discussed. Examples of data visualizations used in digital humanities projects and digital collections are presented as case studies.     

数字馆藏质量管理系统研究

数字馆藏是现代复合图书馆开展计算机网络信息服务的物质基础。数字馆藏的质量管理不仅包括馆藏数字资源质量管理,还包括相应的存取系统和检索系统的质量管理。在数字馆藏的质量管理中,每个阶段影响其质量的因素不同。数字馆藏质量管理系统的主要任务是采集、存储和处理各类质量数据,并以此为基础进行质量分析、评价、控制和决策。数字馆藏质量管理系统包括数字馆藏发展管理子系统、数字馆藏存储管理子系统,数字馆藏服务管理子系统3个子系统。每个子系统有着相应的功能。     

图档博机构“数字叙事驱动型”馆藏利用模型

数字人文浪潮为图书馆、档案馆、博物馆(LAM)等文化遗产机构的馆藏资源保存、传播和利用提供新的契机。在LAM数字转型、公共服务合作化、用户需求多样化背景下,探寻符合数字人文精神内核的LAM馆藏发展之路具有重要的意义。通过文献研究和模型设计,文章对LAM领域运用数字叙事开展馆藏利用服务的理论与实践进行梳理,在此基础上提出“数字叙事驱动型”(DSD)馆藏利用模型,并从该模型的核心特点、组成架构、实践案例3个方面进行剖析,旨在为数字环境下LAM创新业务内容、服务人文研究、传承和发展人类文明成果提供新的路径。     

数字图书馆中多媒体馆藏与服务的建立

介绍岭南大学开发网上多媒体馆藏,并在香港开拓性地利用多媒体点播技术,通过互联网提供数字图书馆服务的实践。得出以下结论:多媒体技术对数字图书馆的影响无法估量,图书馆界应仔细研究和分析多媒体对数字图书馆的影响,充分发掘其潜能,并在引入多媒体服务的过程中,彼此分享经验,共建共享数字化资源。     

国外图书馆馆藏评估研究浅析

馆藏评估是对图书馆馆藏资源的整体状况及其功用进行分析与评价,为图书馆的馆藏建设和发展提供指导.近年来,随着图书馆馆藏总量和文献类型的不断增多,馆藏建设面临着新的内容,要协调好各种资源的关系,合理地收藏和利用各种文献资源,科学地对图书馆馆藏进行评估是必不可少的.本文主要总结了近年国外关于馆藏评估的一些理论研究成果,希望能为我国的图书馆馆藏建设提供一些指导作用.     

面向馆藏数字资源的多模交互模型与影响因素研究

[目的 /意义]面对数字资源的智能化、可感知、沉浸式和可互动的未来趋势,三维实体、全景视频等新型资源形态成为记载和传播知识的重要形式。以往用户界面模型难以较好地支撑图博档等公共机构的互动情境式数字文化服务,公众需求和交互情境更迭呼唤沉浸体验、自然流畅的新型交互界面。[方法 /过程]通过对数字馆藏资源与服务、多模交互界面与体验的相关问题进行探讨,提出面向馆藏数字资源的多模交互界面模型;多模交互的信息交换过程须以人的信息加工能力为约束,通过给出多模交互的信息加工模型,剖析虚拟现实情境下馆藏资源的用户交互认知过程。立足面向馆藏资源的多模交互模型,基于“界面-认知-情境”递进逻辑,分析影响用户交互体验的关键因素。[结果 /结论 ]面向馆藏数字资源的多模交互界面模型应由交互模态、交互原语、交互任务三个关联递进的层级构成,以人为核心的多模交互可在多模感知、思维决策和交互执行等阶段增强人类的认知能力。沉浸流畅的用户交互体验取决于界面感知交互模态、心智模型匹配程度、交互情境沉浸维度等关键因素,可为多模交互设计、数字文化服务开展等提供参考。     

From Horse-Drawn Wagon to Hot Rod: The University of California's Digital Image Service Experience

SUMMARY

This article proposes that a viable approach archivists might consider to meet increasing demands for access to digital images with functional presentation tools is to develop a reciprocal partnership with a digital library. The University of California's experience with the federation of licensed and UC-owned digital image collections is summarized to illuminate core issues related to collection development, system functionality, and patron usability. The resulting UC Image Service is then examined against a backdrop of comparable digital imaging projects with reflections on strategies and intersections. The range of business models and approaches to digital image collection access and developing image management and presentation tools highlight the unprecedented opportunities digital technology provides for moving archives towards an integrated environment through collaborative action.     

新环境下高校图书馆资源建设的新特点

面对信息环境发生的巨大变化,高校图书馆需要重新思考自身信息服务的发展变化及资源建设的需求。从侧重科学数据组织管理、重视真人图书资源建设、吸引用户参与图书馆资源建设、加强研究分析工具建设和特色数字资源的深度加工与组织5个方面,讨论新环境下面向新型信息服务的图书馆资源建设的新特点。     

A global snapshot of the state of digital collections in the health sciences, 2013

Two hundred twenty-nine health sciences libraries (HSLs) worldwide were surveyed regarding the availability of digital collections, evidence of the type of digital collections, level of access, software used, and HSL type. Of the surveyed libraries, 69% (n = 157) had digital collections, with an average of 1,531 items in each collection; 49% (n = 112) also had institutional repositories. In most cases (n = 147), these collections were publicly available. The predominant platforms for disseminating these digital collections were CONTENTdm and library web pages. Only 50% (n = 77) of these collections were managed by the health sciences library itself.     

Faculty–library collaborations in digital history: A case study of the travel journal of Cornelius B. Gold

ABSTRACT

In this article, the authors present a case study on a teaching and learning initiative in digital humanities at Connecticut College. The article outlines a project in which students in a midlevel history course collaborated with library staff and faculty to develop a digital exhibition on a nineteenth-century journal in the College's collection. The cooperative approach and institutional support that the team received provided an effective and flexible means for achieving common goals. As students applied emergent technologies to college collections, they were able to conduct meaningful research and bring archival resources to new audiences.     

本科教学工作水平评估中图书馆藏书指标的分析与研究

通过对本科教学工作水平评估中图书馆藏书指标在实际操作过程中的计量分析,推断出“生均100册”标准不利于图书馆的可持续发展,并提出了在图书馆评估指标体系中,应将数字资源纳入藏书总量计算,应淡化中间指标,强化投入—产出指标,藏书的评价应体现其与教学科研的相关度。     

强化高校图书馆技术战略管理的思考

从发展的趋势来看，数字化资源将会逐步取代传统的纸质图书成为图书馆的主流馆藏形式，阅读的方式也必然随之发生革命性的交化。高校图书馆必须站在技术发展的前沿，努力推广应用新技术，充分重视数字资零的规划和建设，做好技术规划和培训工作，优化工作评价体系，系统地强化图书馆技术战略管理，才能把握技术发展的机遇，进一步提高图书馆的服务能力。     

Network-enabled digitized collection at the Central library,IIT Delhi

The emergence of the Internet, particularly the World Wide Web (WWW), as a new medium of information delivery, coupled with the availability of powerful hardware, software and networking technology, triggered large-scale commercial and non-commercial digitization programmes the world over. During the past decade, great progress has been made in both theoretical and practical research in the digital library. Besides, acquiring and buying access to digital collections, academic and research libraries are exerting efforts to initiate digital library projects in their respective institutions so as to build their own digital collections. Moreover, proliferation of network-enabled electronic information products are exerting ever-increasing pressure on traditional libraries, which, in turn, are committing larger portions of their budgetary allocation to either procuring or accessing web-based full-text search services, CD-ROM products, online databases, multimedia products, and so forth. The increasing commitment for building up network-enabled digitized collections at the Central Library, IIT Delhi coincides with the installation of a fibre optics based campus LAN connected to a 2 MBps VSNL Radio Link enabling faster access to the Internet for the academic community of the Institute. The availability of high-speed Internet connection has led to the launching of a number of sponsored and unsponsored projects for building network-enabled digitized collections within the framework of the traditional library and information services at the Central Library, IIT Delhi. The Library has adopted a multi-pronged strategy to embark upon the digital world. The article outlines various constituents that contribute to the making of a digital library at the Central Library, IIT Delhi.     

国外图书馆数字馆藏建设游戏项目实践进展探究

[目的/意义] 归纳总结现有国外图书馆数字馆藏建设游戏项目的实践特点和成功经验，以期为国内图书馆开发设计数字馆藏建设游戏项目提供参考和借鉴。[方法/过程] 综合运用网络调研法和案例分析法，以数字馆藏建设的准备、实施和维护3个阶段为基础，系统地梳理当前国外图书馆馆藏建设中游戏项目的应用形式和实践进展，并以大型开源游戏服务平台——Metadata Game为例，深入剖析该数字馆藏建设游戏项目的基本概况、技术基础、实现机理以及操作方法等内容，从而总结出国外图书馆数字馆藏建设游戏项目的主要特点及经验启示。[结果/结论] 我国图书馆可借鉴国外游戏项目的经验，根据特定建设需要和自身技术条件，在数字馆藏建设项目中逐步引入不同类型、主题及形式的游戏项目。     

Telling the Story of a Collection with Visualizations: A Case Study

Patrons and scholars are increasingly likely to first encounter a collection in a digital space rather than a physical one. This article considers how to utilize data visualization in an academic library to promote a unique collection to remote visitors. In order to create awareness of the Valente Italian Library at Seton Hall University, one of the largest Italian collections in the United States, subject librarians considered ways to convey and describe the collection beyond the search box or the discovery filters of the catalog. After considering meaningful data points available in the records data, the authors harvested, cleaned, and mined the data for interesting collection facets. Visualizations were created from the data and the authors explore whether they offer a greater understanding of the collection and aid in telling its story, as well as recreate a sense of browsing for the online visitor.     

Using Information Architecture to Evaluate Digital Libraries

Information users face increasing amounts of digital content, some of which is held in digital library collections. Academic librarians have the dual challenge of organizing online library content and instructing users in how to find, evaluate, and use digital information. Information architecture supports evolving library services by bringing best practice principles to digital collection development. Information architects organize content with a user-centered, customer oriented approach that benefits library users in resource discovery. The Publication of Archival, Library & Museum Materials (PALMM), a cooperative digital initiative of the state university libraries of Florida, demonstrates the value of information architecture to digital libraries.     

Test collection reliability: a study of bias and robustness to statistical assumptions via stochastic simulation

The number of topics that a test collection contains has a direct impact on how well the evaluation results reflect the true performance of systems. However, large collections can be prohibitively expensive, so researchers are bound to balance reliability and cost. This issue arises when researchers have an existing collection and they would like to know how much they can trust their results, and also when they are building a new collection and they would like to know how many topics it should contain before they can trust the results. Several measures have been proposed in the literature to quantify the accuracy of a collection to estimate the true scores, as well as different ways to estimate the expected accuracy of hypothetical collections with a certain number of topics. We can find ad-hoc measures such as Kendall tau correlation and swap rates, and statistical measures such as statistical power and indexes from generalizability theory. Each measure focuses on different aspects of evaluation, has a different theoretical basis, and makes a number of assumptions that are not met in practice, such as normality of distributions, homoscedasticity, uncorrelated effects and random sampling. However, how good these estimates are in practice remains a largely open question. In this paper we first compare measures and estimators of test collection accuracy and propose unbiased statistical estimators of the Kendall tau and tau AP correlation coefficients. Second, we detail a method for stochastic simulation of evaluation results under different statistical assumptions, which can be used for a variety of evaluation research where we need to know the true scores of systems. Third, through large-scale simulation from TREC data, we analyze the bias of a range of estimators of test collection accuracy. Fourth, we analyze the robustness to statistical assumptions of these estimators, in order to understand what aspects of an evaluation are affected by what assumptions and guide in the development of new collections and new measures. All the results in this paper are fully reproducible with data and code available online.     

基于用户需求的博物馆藏品档案服务对策研究

博物馆藏品档案是博物馆藏品的重要组成部分,对藏品档案的开发利用已经引起了社会的关注。研究藏品档案用户需求行为有利于展现藏品档案独特的历史记忆,发挥博物馆文化服务平台的作用。以用户需求行为角度出发,采用定量分析的方法,对藏品档案用户需求行为进行研究分析,通过数据分析发现现如今博物馆藏品档案服务与时代发展脱钩,不能满足用户日益增长的多元需求,并从深化服务理念、建设数字化管理、加强先进技术使用三方面给出服务改进建议。     

Binary Interpolative Coding for Effective Index Compression

Information retrieval systems contain large volumes of text, and currently have typical sizes into the gigabyte range. Inverted indexes are one important method for providing search facilities into these collections, but unless compressed require a great deal of space. In this paper we introduce a new method for compressing inverted indexes that yields excellent compression, fast decoding, and exploits clustering—the tendency for words to appear relatively frequently in some parts of the collection and infrequently in others. We also describe two other quite separate applications for the same compression method: representing the MTF list positions generated by the Burrows-Wheeler Block Sorting transformation; and transmitting the codebook for semi-static block-based minimum-redundancy coding.