高校英语教师的教学学术实践与发展研究

高校英语教师的教学学术实践与学生英语水平发展密切相关,直接决定我国高校英语教育质量。本研究基于 Weston & McApline(2001)教学学术实践三阶段发展续谱论,聚焦华东某高校一个英语教研组,叙事探究英语教师教学学术实践的故事。研究发现教学学术实践是个体和共同体共创共享教学知识 的科研活动;具有问题链效应､批判反思性和互动探究三大特质。研究验证续谱论在我国高校英语教育语境下的适恰性,初步构建英语教师教学学术实践可行性指导框架,诠释高校英语教师专业化发展的有效路径。     

Service projects and women's agency in Salalah, Oman: A portrait of pre-service Dhofari English teachers

This research examines the service learning activities and written discourse of pre-service teachers from a cohort of 50 young women who were among the first generation in their community to complete a local university education with BA degrees in English language and literature combined with a subsequent teaching diploma to become English teachers. Based on written reports about service projects completed at the end of teacher training, the dominant theme that emerges is that of women's agency. Discourse analysis is used to create a portrait of how Dhofari women are learning to take agency and gradually developing their own unique views within student-centered learning.     

A Case of Generativity in a Culturally and Linguistically Complex English Language Arts Classroom

This article examines an ESL English language arts teacher’s conceptions of linguistic diversity, literacy learning and her role as teacher in a culturally and linguistically complex classroom. It further examines her processes of learning about, and developing curricular and pedagogical innovations to meet, her students’ learning needs. The successes and paradoxes of, as well as constraints to, those efforts are explored. The paper uses Ball’s theory of generativity and recent research on effective English language arts instruction in culturally and linguistically complex classrooms to facilitate analysis. It offers some implications for teachers’ development of generativity for teaching culturally and linguistically diverse students.     

多语环境下汉语作为第二语言教学：新加坡经验与模式

本文以新加坡华语教学经验与模式为基础,探索在多语环境下汉语作为第二语言教学的挑战与机遇。从种族结构与官方语言政策、“英语为主、华语为辅”的双语教育体制、变动中的华族社会,综述新加坡语言景观;从华族华语学习者类型、中小学华语教学的中国情结,分析新加坡华语教学界面对的问题;从职前与在职课程设计,阐述新加坡汉语作为第二语言师资培训的课程设置;描述新加坡汉语作为第二语言教学的研究现状;从国际汉语教研重镇与国际汉语语言服务业中心,探讨如何打造新加坡为国际汉语中转站。     

‘I assume they don't think!’: teachers’ perceptions of Normal Technical students in Singapore

Teachers’ attitudes and beliefs about students in a particular grouping hierarchy are shaped by their ideological views. Within education systems that have high international profiles, such as Singapore, what has been less explored is how teachers think about and interact with students who are seemingly positioned as being ‘low-ability’ or ‘low achieving’ within disadvantaged education contexts. This paper accordingly examines teachers’ perceptions of ‘Normal Technical’ students in Singapore. The findings underscore the need to understand teachers’ interpretations and thinking about teaching and learning processes that influence classroom practice. This is a necessary starting point for pedagogical innovation and change in schools.     

Gender Differences in Language Learning and the Implications for EFL Teaching

Gender difference is one of the important factors which affect language learning. This paper reviews the current researches on gender differences in language learning in an EFL context, especially gender differences in affective aspect, language learning strategy use, and other aspects. Finally, it will talk about the pedagogical implications for English teaching, aiming to help the teachers to improve their English teaching in an EFL context.     

职前英语教师专业成长的另类途径——一项基于重构职前英语教师信念的行动研究

信念的研究是判断教师教育成效的一项重要指标,是当前教师教育中最有价值的一部分。职前教师信念由于受到先前经验和信念本身特质等因素的影响,不易改变,教师教育应该对职前英语教师的信念进行检视与再建构。在自我反思教学模式下发展起来的教育行动研究是近年来国外教育界探究和实践的一种教学理论,是一种非常适合没有接受过教育研究训练的职前教师的研究方法。开展行动研究有助于职前教师将理论学习与教学实践相结合,在教学实践过程中,充分利用有限的直接经验进行教学反思,不断检视、并重构教师信念,提升教学行为。     

Instituting Change in Early Childhood Education: Recent Developments in Singapore

In an effort to improve preschool education, the Singapore government has embraced the need for change by identifying needed policies related to preschool education. These changes require teachers to rethink their approach to learning and teaching. A proposed tool suggested in this paper that may help facilitate curriculum change is the use of pedagogical documentation. This paper examines some impact, implications and challenges for adopting such a tool with the stakeholders in Singapore.     

外语教师专业素质与专业发展认知研究

教师教育研究所关注的核心问题是教师的专业发展,而教师的专业发展与专业素质密切相关。外语教师专业素质建立在教师认知和教师能力的层面上,主要包括教师学科教学能力、教师的职业观和职业道德、外语教学观等专业素质。本研究借鉴认知论和建构主义理论对外语教师的基本素质构建与内涵、教师学习与专业发展进行动态研究,使我们对外语教师专业素质构建和内涵有更清晰的认识,从而提高外语教师专业素质,促进外语教师专业发展。     

Issues in the education of TESOL teachers by distance education

Language teacher education by distance (LTED) has become a widespread and important practice in the preservice and in‐service education of teachers, and in language education internationally. The advent of the Internet has combined with developments in other information communication technologies, the globalisation of English, and the marketisation of education to afford a rapid increase in the number of TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of other Languages) teacher education programs, and greater variety in the ways in which teaching and learning is mediated in these programs. This article reports on an international survey of TESOL teacher education providers, and considers the status of language teaching qualifications earned by distance, changes in the institutional roles of language teacher educators, and the current state of research into LTED.     

论中学英语教师继续教育的课程开发

在语言学和英语教学理论不断更新的今天,如何对中学英语教师进行继续教育,是当前师资继续教育亟需解决的新课题。中学英语教师均已受过正规的8评议训练,具有独立的分析能力,喜欢课堂交际,对继续教育有明确的个人目标。根据中学英语教师的这些特点,在继续教育的课程开发中,过程模式,任务型教学大纲和内容型教学大纲更加适合中学教师的需求,因为学习者在解决问题和学习各种理论知识的同时锻炼了评议的实际运用能力,提高了教学和科研能力,在教学大纲的实施中,须贯彻八项原则:1.教学现场相结合;2.理论与教学实践相结合;3.解决中学教学中的难点;4.课堂交流与讲解并重,鼓励学员在课堂上进行讲座;5.内容学习和言语学习并重;6.与现代化教学手段接轨;7.注重能力的培养;8.鼓励创造性的学习。     

Differences in pedagogical understanding among student–teachers in a four-year initial teacher education programme

As teacher educators, preparing student–teachers who are able to address diverse student needs is our main concern. It has been suggested in the literature that teachers who are adaptive to students’ needs are those who possess adequate pedagogical content knowledge or pedagogical understanding. However, it is not uncommon for teacher educators to find student–teachers with diverse pedagogical understandings even at the point of graduation from the teacher education programme. This paper aims to explain and analyse the development of pedagogical understanding among student–teachers in an initial teacher education programme. The findings are drawn from a study conducted at the Hong Kong Institute of Education where in-depth interviews were carried out during the four-year programme. The findings from the three selected cases provide an explanation for why some individual student–teachers show continuous development, whereas others remain confused in their pedagogical understanding throughout the teacher education programme. While acknowledging individual differences in pedagogical understanding, we attempt to explain such differences by investigating the relationship between different dimensions of the student–teachers’ learning such as the integration of pedagogical understanding with the teaching contexts, integration of feedback from lecturers and supporting teachers, and their focus of concern. The findings reveal that the three cases demonstrate different levels of pedagogical understanding and possess varying ‘senses of agency’. Of the three cases, the first one, Peggy has the strongest sense of agency. Despite influences related to classroom management, diverse learning ability among pupils, and the teaching methods which pupils were accustomed to previously, she actively introduced rhythmic movements into her lessons, developed pupils’ ability to learn gradually and achieved an impact on pupils’ learning which was also recognized by her supporting teacher. The analysis suggests that the second case, Lilian has a weaker sense of agency as she was severely limited by influences in the teaching context in her first teaching practice and resorted to teacher-centered teaching strategies. She improved later on in the programme and started to plan her own learning, drawing on the feedback she received as well as learning from other taught modules, from feedback from various sources, and from her pupils’ responses to her teaching and her own evaluation of her teaching. The third case, Stephanie remained confused throughout the programme and struggled with the implementation of student-centered teaching strategies. The ability to practice one’s own convictions and demonstrate an active sense of agency distinguishes the student–teacher who achieves better pedagogical understanding. Drawing on the findings, the paper concludes that it is crucial for teacher educators to identify ways to nurture a sense of agency among student–teachers. Implications for teacher education programmes are discussed, including providing opportunities for student–teachers to be able to articulate and integrate their pedagogical understandings, as well as negotiate how to accomplish their learning and teaching targets despite complex classroom situations.     

浅谈二语习得的环境论

二语习得理论是一个极为综合性的学术体系,其包含了诸多与语言教育相关的教研典范,并逐渐演变成各种理论性的教育思想,指导着高校英语教学活动的有序开展。"环境论"是二语习得理论的一个重要分支,强调了外在环境对大学生学习英语知识的影响,倡导教师在实际教学期间注重主客观环境的创造,提供优越的英语学习条件。文章分析了二语习得环境论的核心内容,详细地提出了基于环境论的大学英语教育改革措施。     

The challenge of balancing content and language: Perceptions of Dutch bilingual education history teachers

The role of subject teachers in content and language integrated learning (CLIL) has received little attention, since most research focuses on language learning results of students. This exploratory study aims to gain insight into the perceptions of Dutch bilingual education history teachers by comparing teaching CLIL with regular history teaching. We used questionnaires and interviews to collect data. Results show that bilingual education history teachers perceived their dual task as language and subject teachers to be challenging. Teaching in English also enriched their teaching skills and eventually had a positive influence on their level of job satisfaction.     

浅谈高职英语项目化教学法的应用

项目教学法是目前国内高职专业教育中被普遍推崇的一种新型教育理念,我国高职《实用英语》项目化教学仍处于起步阶段。该文介绍了项目教学法的概念、特征,探讨了项目教学法在《实用英语》教学中实施的可行性、意义、运用和应注意解决的问题。项目化外语教学是指教师指导学生围绕一系列项目进行语言技能的整合训练,培养学生自主学习能力,在做中学,在应用中学的能力以及沟通协调、团结合作能力。通过调查、实践、教学成果展示证明这是一种有效的教学方法。     

从课堂实际情况看新加坡华文教学中英语的使用

在新加坡,华文课堂上使用英语一直被视为禁忌。但是,随着新加坡社会语言环境的改变,越来越多的当地华族学生以英语为主要家庭用语。华文课堂上如何处理英语已经成为新加坡华文教学必须面对的问题。本文通过对新加坡华文教学的实际观察,探讨在华文课堂上以英语辅助教学的必要性和具体条件。课堂观察的结果表明,华文课堂上有必要使用英语的情况确实存在,并且主要同三类课堂活动相关。通过对有关资料的进一步分析,本文构建了华文课堂上的英语使用框架,明确了在特定课堂活动中使用英语的各种限制条件。     

Learning to teach writing through tutoring and journal writing

Structured reflection on practical teaching experiences may help pre‐service teachers to integrate their learning and analyze their actions to become more effective learners and teachers. This study reports on 12 pre‐service English as a second language (ESL) teachers’ individual tutoring of learners of English language writing. The data of the study are the writing journal entries that the pre‐service ESL teachers maintained during their tutoring experience. These journals had common elements: all were used by the pre‐service teachers to consider what funds of knowledge they bring to their teaching of ESL learners, to evaluate their roles as writers, learners and teachers and to reflect on the educational, social and cultural implications of teaching writing in English to speakers of other languages. This article describes ways in which both native and non‐native English speaking pre‐service teachers adapted their instruction to meet the particular needs of individual ESL writers and what they learned in the process. It provides insight regarding the value of using tutoring and reflection generally in teacher education and specifically in the preparation of teachers of ESL.     

Do inclusion practices for pupils with special educational needs in the English as a foreign language class in Israel reflect inclusion laws and language policy requirements?

The study of additional languages is mandatory for all pupils in most European countries. Usually, the first foreign language is English. This is due to the status of English as a global language. According to inclusion laws, pupils with special educational needs (SEN) should be taught in regular classes with support services by teachers with special education training. Often, however, foreign language teachers lack training and do not know how to adapt teaching methods for pupils with SEN in the regular language learning class. In this study, 109 elementary school teachers filled out questionnaires examining practices and attitudes about inclusion of pupils with SEN in the English as a foreign language (EFL) class in Israel. Findings indicated that pupils with SEN are included in regular EFL classes, taught with the same materials as the class, usually by teachers with no specialised training and no teaching assistants. Teachers are not always encouraged to take in-service courses on how to teach these pupils. No significant difference were found between teachers with and without special education training regarding inclusion practices, but slight differences were found with regards to attitudes towards inclusion of pupils with SEN. The majority of teachers felt that pupils with SEN should be taught in special education settings with specialised materials, and not in the regular education class. These findings raise questions regarding the efficacy of inclusion laws and language learning policies.     

反思性教学在大学英语教学中的运用

反思性教学是近年来倍受推崇的教学理论.它是以追求实践合理性为目的的教学探究活动,是以提升专业知识为目的的教师学习活动,同时也是以解决问题为导向的教师思维方式.因其具有主动性、实践性、反馈调节性及有效性等特点,成为外语教师专业发展的有效途径.它能使教师的教学参与更为主动,专业发展更为积极,其实质是教师通过反思,在教育教学实践中逐渐形成适合自己的教学理论和发展自己的教学能力,不断提高自己的专业水平,从自然发展到自觉开发,增强其职业道德感,并通过改进自己的教学促进学生学习,最终发展自己和发展学生.     

省级英语骨干教师继续教育特点剖析

近年来有关继续教育的研究已经从开始时的关注培训目标、培训模式等方面向关注培训对象的特点方面转移。如果将提高教师自我可持续发展能力作为继续教育的一个重要目标的话,那么当前教师们的自我反思意识和反思能力处在什么状态就特别值得关注。以某省英语骨干教师继续教育过程中学员的部分课堂练习为原始素材,进行解剖分析,发现在职英语教师有着案例意识不强、应试教育意识过重、自我学习的经验和课堂教学的指导思想不相一致,以及过于关注传统教学步骤等典型特点。