初三学生关于无理数的信念的调查研究

从不可公度的存在性、学习无理数的必要性、无理数作为数的确定性以及无理数的不可循环性4个方面调查了初三学生关于无理数的信念.结果显示:学生对不可公度性的信念表现出与历史上数学家极大的相似性;40%多的学生缺乏对无理数学习的必要性的认识;大多数学生承认无理数是数,但近60%学生对无理数的无限不循环性缺乏坚定的信念.因此,教师在教学过程中,应注重知识发生的过程;应注重知识的来龙去脉;应注重学生对概念的理解.     

大学生外语学习观念性别差异研究

本研究采用定量研究。通过对广东某高校81名大学生外语学习观念的调查,结果显示：外语学习观念的五个因素都在不同程度上影响着学生的学习;此外,男生和女生在总体的外语学习观念上不存在显著的差异,但在语言学习难度、动机和期望学习观念方面,男生和女生存在显著的差异。基于本研究结果,本文提出了相关建议以期提高英语教学成效。     

The Development of Children's Beliefs about Social and Biological Aspects of Gender Differences

2 studies examined children's beliefs about the origins of gender differences and addressed 2 main questions: (a) What age-related changes are there in children's beliefs about the contributions of nature and nurture to the development of gender roles? and (b) Do children differentiate between aspects of gender roles that adults believe to be more biologically determined and those they believe to be more socially influenced? 160 4- to 10-year-olds and 32 adults participated in Study 1. Participants were told about a child raised with only opposite-sex individuals and were asked whether the child would grow up to possess a series of gender-stereotyped, biological, and control properties. Until age 9 or 10, children believed that gender-stereotyped properties would develop in an infant regardless of the social context of upbringing. Study 2 provides evidence that children were not merely reporting stereotypical category associations. These studies suggest that young children may have an early bias to view gender categories as predictive of essential, underlying similarities between members, but later come to acknowledge the role of other causal mechanisms (e.g., the social environment) in shaping how category members develop.     

论学生学习观的结构

学生的学习观是学生个体对学习现象和经验的直观认识,对学习动机和行为具有重要作用。对于学生学习观的具体内涵和结构,研究者们分别侧重于学习观因素和层次两个角度加以阐述,但这些理论都是从对学生的调查结果中归纳出来的,而学生的学习观是一种内隐的直觉,学生未必能够明确而全面地描述出来。为了更好地揭示个体学习观的内涵,最好基于调查归纳研究的结果,参照学习理论家们对学习现象和经验的分析,同时从因素和层次两个方面来刻画学生个体的学习观。     

美国大学人看终身教职后评估

在美国大学校园,对终身教职后评估众说纷纭。多数教师认为,在评估中只得到很少甚至完全没有得到有效的业绩反馈,评估对教师的业绩没有影响。这些研究结果可用来反思并改进我国高校的教师考核工作。     

动机理论与大学生理想信念教育的途径

理想信念教育是大学生思想政治教育的一项主要任务。从心理学的角度,利用内在动机的相关理论,结合大学生理想信念教育的实际,探索激发大学生对理想信念的需求与渴望的有效途径,对有效开展大学生理想信念教育具有积极的促进作用。     

大学生宗教信仰的现状与特点

近几年,大学生思想多元化问题愈发突出,表现在信仰领域里信教学生比例不断增加,呈现出新的特点.准确把握这些特点,有助于增强思想政治工作的的针对性.     

论国际化背景下大学生理想信念教育

理想信念教育是大学生思想政治教育的核心,关系到大学生的健康成长和大学生思想政治教育的切实加强与改进.在当今国际化背景下加强大学生理想信念教育,必须深刻理解大学生理想信念教育的时代价值,准确把握其发展取向,立足当代大学生实际,贴近经济社会发展和高等教育改革实践,遵循大学生思想政治教育的客观规律,科学谋划,切实加强.     

大学生宗教信仰现状调查与对策分析

通过对合肥市大学生宗教信仰状况调查问卷的统计分析,介绍了合肥地区大学生宗教信仰的基本现状,并指出在新时势下加强大学生科学宗教观教育的途径.     

浅析大学生理想信念形成的原因及对策

大学生理想信念的形成,关系到大学生世界观、人生观、价值观的形成和发展。在社会主义市场经济条件下,由于各种内外因素的相互作用,大学生理想信念的形成过程中出现了一些新情况、新特点和新问题,因此,必须找出其原因并采取相应策略,逐步提高大学生的思想政治素质。     

加强当代大学生的理想信念教育的思考

我们党历来都非常重视理想信念教育,并将共同的理想和信念看作是我们革命与建设的真正优势。为了提高理想信念教育的有效性,根据当前大学生进行理想信念教育的思想状况分析,我们要强化科学理论的武装,夯实理想信念教育的基础;坚持"三贴近",批判错误思潮,宣扬社会进步;注重层次性引导,遵循理想信念生成规律。     

对中国成人学校生源多元化的论证

在终身教育理念的感召下,中华大地呈现举国乐学的欣欣向荣之势,求学已成人人所需。文章通过对成人学校生源的年龄结构、职业结构和成人学校的性质、类别、教学方式的分析,来论证中国成人学校生源多元化的特征。     

Beliefs of experienced and novice teachers about achievement

The aim of this study was to examine the beliefs that experienced and novice teachers hold about school achievement. It is important to investigate these beliefs and attributions because of the significant role that teachers play in the lives of most children. A group of Greek Cypriot elementary school teachers (n = 154) and a comparable group of teacher education students (n = 159) completed the Beliefs About School Achievement (BASA) scale. It was found that, in comparison to student teachers, experienced teachers tend to attribute achievement more to factors that are biologically determined, uncontrollable by the child, and stable over time – such as intellectual ability. They also believe significantly more than student teachers that factors such as gender and family background play an important role in child achievement. In contrast, novice teachers believe more in the role that teachers play in student learning and in the importance of student effort.     

大学生信仰现状及加强大学生信仰教育的对策性研究

随着思想政治教育工作的不断深化,大学生的信仰问题已经逐渐成为思想政治教育的核心问题.大学生们的信仰教育问题,是关系到社会主义事业成败、国家兴旺发达的大事.本文通过对新时期大学生信仰教育存在的问题分析,提出了一系列具体的对策,以解决大学生信仰迷失问题,引导大学生树立正确的价值观.     

当代大学生政治理想信念形成规律及对策

当代大学生政治理想信念主流是好的,并呈现出一系列新的特点,这些特点的形成与当今时代国际化背景密切相关.大学生理想信念教育就是引导大学生树立共产主义远大理想和中国特色社会主义共同理想,确立坚定的马克思主义信仰.     

大学生宗教信仰问题与高校思政教育研究

当前,宗教以不同的方式渗透到大学校园,致使部分大学生盲目信仰,大学生宗教信仰问题越来越受到社会各界的普遍关注。要利用宗教中的某些积极因素,改进高校思想政治教育工作,为此提出了加强思政教育工作的几点建议,以促使大学生形成马克思主义宗教观。     

法律多元在西方历史中的演进

法律多元是社会普遍存在的现象,世界各国的法律几乎都是多元的。法律多元理论在法学领域越来越受到关注,对于法律多元的研究角度也越来越多。文章从历史的角度分析了法律多元在西方历史中的演进,指出法律多元理论是如何通过各个学派的论述逐步发展起来的。     

Assessing Teachers' Beliefs about Their Science Teaching Context

The primary purpose of this study was to develop and apply a method for assessing teachers' context beliefs about their science teaching environment. Interviews with 130 purposefully selected teachers resulted in 28 categories of environmental factors and/or people who were perceived to influence science teaching. These categories were used to develop items for the Context Beliefs about Teaching Science instrument and provided evidence for content validity. Construct validity was partially confirmed through factor analysis that resulted in 26 items and two subscales on the final instrument. Using Ford's Motivation Systems Theory and Bandura's Theory of Collective Efficacy, additional evidence for construct validity was found in the modest correlation of context beliefs with outcome expectancy beliefs and the low correlation with science teaching self‐efficacy beliefs. The instrument was tested using 262 teachers participating in long‐term science professional development programs. These teachers possessed fairly positive context beliefs and, according to Ford's theory, should be capable of effective functioning in the classroom. It was concluded that the assessment of context beliefs would complement current science teacher self‐efficacy measures, thereby allowing researchers to develop profiles of science teachers' personal agency belief patterns. It could also be used to determine the factors which predict particular personal agency belief patterns, and assess teachers' perceptions of the strengths and weaknesses of school science programs, and could be used in planning and monitoring professional development experiences for science teachers. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 37: 275–292, 2000.     

Beliefs about Learning in Children's Understanding of Science Texts

This study examined elementary school children's beliefs about learning and assessed the influences of such beliefs on their understanding of science texts. Eighty-three children, 46 from Grade 4 and 37 from Grade 6, were administered a questionnaire on children's implicit notions of learning. Children were also asked to read a science text and complete several tasks that assessed their understanding of text information. Results indicated that older children were more likely to hold constructivist views of learning, and they also performed better than younger children on the text-processing tasks. As well, children's views of learning were significantly related to depth of text understanding when age effects were controlled. This study extends current research on epistemological beliefs of university and high school students. Implications of children's beliefs about learning and their roles in knowledge construction are discussed. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.