Effect of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on blood glucose, lipid profile and cytokines in humans: A pilot study

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on blood glucose, lipid profile and cytokines in humans. Twenty adult healthy subjects were supplemented with 1g/day fish oil concentrate capsules for 2 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and again after 2 week intervention. Fish oil supplementation significantly lowered fasting serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein (P < 0.01). Also high density lipoprotein increased significantly compared with baseline value (P < 0.01). Fish oil did not significantly altere the fasting blood glucose concentration but significantly reduced the serum cytokines (P < 0.001). This study demonstrated that eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation altered serum lipids, lipoprotein and cytokine concentrations in normal human subjects even at the small dose of 660 mg of EPA plus DHA per day. It appears that EPA plus DHA can be a safe and perhaps beneficial supplement to inflammatory diseases.     

Comparative analysis of RBC membrane fatty acids, proteins and glycophorin in patients with heterozygous beta thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia

Membrane lipid and protein composition was compared in erythrocytes from iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and heterozygous beta thalassemia patients. The study was planned to correlate the influence of iron deficiency with the intrinsic defect of the heterozygous condition on the membrane structural integrity as well as to investigate whether there are differences in membrane changes between the two conditions. Results indicate high levels of saturated fatty acids and low unsaturated fatty acids in both disorders although arachidonic acid and the unsaturation index were lower in heterozygous thalassemia than IDA. Nevertheless, neither of the conditions provoked any alterations in membrane protein or glycophorin suggesting alterations in the lipid moiety only. Present findings indicate that irrespective to the etiology, both, iron deficiency and the heterozygous condition show a common pattern of lipid derangement, which may in turn result in increased membrane rigidity and decreased cellular deformability.     

钒对遗传性Ⅱ型糖尿病ＫＫ小鼠降糖作用的实验研究

以遗传性非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病ＫＫ小鼠为动物模型,研究钒对雌雄性糖尿病小鼠的降糖作用．实验选择３周龄的ＫＫ小鼠,雌雄各半,通过自由饮水方式给予雌雄性小鼠０ｍｇ/Ｌ、０.１ｍｇ/Ｌ和１００ｍｇ/Ｌ的钒酸铵,实验周期为１７周,观察不同剂量钒酸铵对血糖、甘油三酯和总胆固醇代谢的影响．研究结果表明,０１ｍｇ?Ｌ钒酸铵对雌雄性小鼠的血糖水平和血液生化指标没有明显的影响,高剂量钒酸铵（１００ｍｇ?Ｌ）明显降低雄性糖尿病小鼠的饮水量、血糖水平、糖基化血红蛋白、甘油三酯和总胆固醇等,葡萄糖耐量水平得到显著改善,对糖尿病小鼠的肝肾功能没有影响．结果提示钒酸铵对雌性小鼠和雄性小鼠具有降血糖作用,其作用效果有明显的性别差异．     

Altered maternal thyroid function: Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on fetal and neonatal myocardial free fatty acid oxidation,in vitro

Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on myocardial free fatty acid oxidation,in vitro, in offsprings born of hypothyroid and hyperthyroid mothers was studied in rats. L-carnitine supplementation stimulated myocardial fatty acid oxidation during gestational period in offspring born of control and hyperthyroid mothers. In contrast L-carnitine supplementation induced stimulation in myocardial fatty acid oxidation was very less in fetuses born of hypothyroid mothers. However, in neonates born of hypothyroid mothers L-carnitine stimulated myocardial fatty acid oxidation to a great extent. The results suggested that during maternal hypothyroidism low availability of thyroid hormones to fetuses through maternal circulation and availability of less carnitine to neonates due to hypolactation might be responsible for decreased myocardial free fatty acid utilization. In neonates born of hypothyroid mothers and with cardiac energy insufficiency parenteral carnitine supplementation might be of great help to prevent mortality and morbidity of such offsprings.     

中试熟化型农业科技项目实施效果评估研究——基于农业科技跨越计划的实证分析

本文基于过程管理视角,从技术水平、经济效益、社会效益和生态效益四个维度构建了中试熟化型农业科技项目实施效果评估指标体系;运用模糊综合评价法,构建了项目评估模型;通过农业科技跨越计划的实例分析,验证了该指标体系的切适性及评价模型的有效性。研究认为,只有设定科学的评估指标,吸收终端用户农民参与评估,才能较为准确地反映农业科技成果熟化程度,为成果进一步推广应用提供可靠依据。     

经济与生态双重视角下大都市边缘城镇开发边界划定——以广州市番禺区为例

划定城镇开发边界有助于保护城市周边和城市内部重要生态区域和自然资源;引导城市高效、有序开发建设,防止城市低效蔓延;优化城市建设空间格局,提高城市土地资源节约集约利用水平。本文基于经济与生态双重视角定义了一个建设适宜性指数,通过计算用地单元建设适宜性指数,并设定决定是否纳入开发边界内的适宜性指数阈值,对广州市番禺区这一典型大都市边缘城镇的开发边界进行了划定,在建设用地规模保持不变、有所增加、有所减小等3种不同发展预期下,得出了3种相应的划定方案。结果显示：①番禺区建设适宜性指数较高的区域与现有建成区吻合程度较高,包含了位于番禺区东北部、西部部分尚未开发建设的战略储备用地。建设适宜性指数较低区域主要包含了山林、水源保护区、生态廊道、永久基本农田等;②开发边界划定结果中生态廊道体现明显,将番禺区建设用地分隔为若干组团,且连片的建设用地中有足够的“生态留白”;③开发边界划定结果与现状建设用地存在一定差异,这有助于引导优化城市建设空间格局、提高城市土地资源节约集约利用水平;3种不同发展预期下开发边界划定方案的差异主要在于对经济价值和生态效益同时较高或较低的用地单元的取舍。大都市边缘城镇由于其自身特征,在划定城镇开发边界时应兼顾引导、保护和优化的功能。本文采用的城镇开发边界划定方法综合考虑了经济和生态两个方面,并且具备一定灵活性,适宜在大都市边缘城镇的开发边界划定中采用。     

基于前景理论的受偿意愿与支付意愿差异性——以青岛市胶州湾围填海造地为例

受偿意愿和支付意愿的差异性导致条件价值评估法有所争议.本文基于前景理论参考点与厌恶损失构建效用函数,对受偿和支付意愿差异性的心理来源进行理论模型构建与分析,并在青岛市运用条件价值评估法构建胶州湾围填海造地3项差异化情景进行实证研究,为加强条件价值评估法调查结果的实践应用性提供参考.结果 表明:①个体参考点偏离增大时,受...     

Effect of Turmeric and its Active Principle Curcumin on T<Subscript>3</Subscript>-Induced Oxidative Stress and Hyperplasia in Rat Kidney: A Comparison

The present study was designed to compare the potential of turmeric and its active principle curcumin on T₃-induced oxidative stress and hyperplasia. Adult male Wistar strain rats were rendered hyperthyroid by T₃ treatment (10 μg · 100 g⁻¹ · day⁻¹ intraperitoneal for 15 days in 0.1 mM NaOH) to induce renal hyperplasia. Another two groups were treated similarly with T₃ along with either turmeric or curcumin (30 mg kg⁻¹ body weight day⁻¹ orally for 15 days). The results indicate that T₃ induces both hypertrophy and hyperplasia in rat kidney as evidenced by increase in cell number per unit area, increased protein content, tubular dilation and interstitial edema. These changes were accompanied by increased mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity without any change in catalase activity and glutathione content suggesting an oxidative predominance. Both turmeric and curcumin were able to restore the level of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity in the present dose schedule. T₃-induced histo-pathological changes were restored with turmeric treatment whereas curcumin administration caused hypoplasia. This may be due to lower concentration of curcumin in the whole turmeric. Thus it is hypothesized that regulation of cell cycle in rat kidney by T₃ is via reactive oxygen species and curcumin reveres the changes by scavenging them. Although the response trends are comparable for both turmeric and curcumin, the magnitude of alteration is more in the later. Turmeric in the current dose schedule is a safer bet than curcumin in normalizing the T₃-induced hyperplasia may be due to the lower concentration of the active principle in the whole spice.     

科研不端行为查处程序的比较分析——基于美国、韩国及中国的典型案例

比较分析美国"E.T.波尔曼事件"、韩国"黄禹锡事件"及中国"陈进事件"等科研不端行为典型案件的查处程序表明,已构建健全科研不端行为防范体制和机制的美国,有着正确、及时、秘密的查处程序,并能发挥其应有的公平、公正与效率作用;急功近利而无相关法律规制的韩国,也能正确、及时和有效地查处黄禹锡事件,并积极建立相关防范体制;面对类似突发事件的中国,虽有立法不足、体制不全、程序公正性和效用性欠缺等问题,却也积极推动了相关制度建设。