中国汽车合资企业自主创新模式研究

由于技术学习方式升级的缓慢性与技术和市场追赶的非同步性,我国汽车产业的合资历程始终无法实现"以市场换技术"的初始目标。为实现技术的实质性引进,近期国内的汽车合资企业纷纷推出了全新的合资自主品牌产品与相应的产品开发模式。这种"合资自主开发模式"究竟会如何影响我国汽车产业的技术引进消化吸收与再创新？研究通过对三个汽车合资自主品牌产品开发案例的探索性研究,探讨了依托合资自主开发模式推进我国汽车企业自主创新进程的作用路径。基于多案例对比分析,识别出合资自主创新模式实施的关键点,为我国汽车企业的实质性技术获取与自主创新提供理论与实践参考。     

制度同构下的国际合资对企业创新绩效的影响

以2003—2015年对外直接投资（OFDI）的制造业上市公司为样本,在界定制度同构理论的相关概念与内涵的基础上,把东道国制度同构焦点划分为零同构、单方同构与双元同构三类,利用嵌套回归与中介效应等模型,检验三类同构焦点下的国际合资选择对企业创新绩效的影响。研究表明：（1）国有控股、较低的有形资产专用性、较多的国际化经验增加了企业以东道国制度零同构下的国际合资进入当地市场的可能性;（2）经济运行风险、投资法制风险增加了企业以东道国制度单方同构下的国际合资进入当地市场的可能性;（3）东道国制度单方同构下的国际合资对企业创新绩效产生了显著的负向影响,这种现象在企业核心业务能力较弱以及东道国经济发展水平较低的情况下尤为显著。本文的研究结论对新兴经济体后发企业OFDI战略选择的优化及其发挥创新协同作用有重要的启发。     

The making of homophilic networks in international research collaborations: A global perspective from Chilean and Korean engineering

As globalization has expedited mobility of faculty across nations, faculty hiring is taking place at an international level. Institutions and governments often perceive hiring faculty who were trained in different countries as a strategy for reaching the status of world-class universities. The major assumption behind this hiring strategy is that faculty who are educated in prestigious universities in foreign countries will bring cutting edge knowledge and networks that will lead to future research collaborations. Yet, a dearth of research empirically investigated the assumption that institutions that train future foreign faculty and those that hire faculty with foreign degrees will have greater presence in the international networks of research collaboration. Filling this hole, this study examines this assumption from an international perspective, using the case of industrial engineering departments at selective research universities in Chile and Korea. Based on the unique data that document faculty hiring (degree attainment institutions) and research collaboration (co-authorship), and institutional prestige (global ranking positions), we analyzed the relationship between faculty hiring network and research collaboration network, as well as their association with institutional prestige. The results provide strong evidence of the positive relationships between doctoral training and future research collaboration, and the strong presence of institutions with global prestige. These relationships result in homophilic networks that suggest a concern about a reduced diversity in theoretical perspective and research methods within the disciplinary field.     

Innovation and network multiplexity: R&D and the concurrent effects of two collaboration networks in an emerging economy

This study focuses on the multiplexity of firm R&D networks, and it investigates two types of boundary-spanning networks: the bipartite network between firms and government-sponsored institutions (GSIs), and the traditional firm–firm network. We apply a social network perspective to examine the effects that these kinds of networks have on firm innovativeness, in relation to the effects of the firm’s internal R&D efforts. We define the firm-GSI network as bipartite, and we investigate how the structural characteristics of this network (cohesion and centrality) affect innovativeness. We then decompose the innovational effects of firm–firm networks into two categories (intra- and inter-sector) to distinguish the effects of these collaboration networks. Furthermore, we investigate how these various external collaborative networks interact with a firm’s internal R&D efforts for driving innovativeness. Our empirical study of 420 manufacturing firms in Mexico evaluates evidence from surveys and secondary data. The findings indicate that the structural properties of both firm–GSI and firm–firm networks have positive effects on innovativeness, but firm–GSI network cohesion has a stronger negative interaction with R&D in influencing firm innovativeness. Moreover, intra-sector centrality in a firm–firm network has a stronger negative interaction with R&D than inter-sector centrality does in driving firm innovativeness. We contribute to the literature by integrating insights from the perspectives of network multiplexity, social embeddedness, and resource complementarity in regard to inter-organizational behavior. Our study also provides meaningful guidelines for both managers and policy makers. The study’s findings are robust to concerns of common method bias and alternative model specifications.     

新兴经济体中企业国际多样化与创新绩效:所有权结构的调节效应

国际化已成为新兴经济国家企业实现创新追赶的一种重要战略。然而,现有研究对于新兴经济国家企业国际化与创新的关系机制缺乏关注。本文整合组织学习理论和制度理论视角,探索了国际多样化对创新绩效的影响,以及所有权结构的调节效应,并以中国制造企业为样本进行了实证检验。研究发现,企业国际多样化对创新绩效具有显著正向影响;跨国公司入股正向调节国际多样化与创新绩效之间的关系;而国有控股对国际多样化与创新绩效关系的调节效应并不显著。研究结论对于新兴经济国家企业国际化具有理论贡献和实践意义。     

Improving high-tech enterprise innovation in big data environment: A combinative view of internal and external governance

The emergence of big data brings both opportunities and challenges to high-tech enterprises. How to keep competitive advantages and improve innovation performance is important for enterprises in big data environment. Except from organizational learning ability and the use of advanced technology, the corporate governance also plays an important role in the process of enterprise’s innovation practice. This article creatively combines with the insights of internal and external governance, and explores how the managerial power and network centrality affects enterprise’s innovation performance in big data environment. Considering about the differences among distinct regional big data environment (strong/weak), this paper also takes classification research on it. The research findings show that managerial power has a significant positive impact on innovation performance, managerial power could enhance enterprise’s centrality in network, and the enterprise which located in network central position has more advantages in obtaining resources and significantly improves firm’s innovation performance. Network centrality plays a mediating role on managerial power and innovation performance. Further research finds that the positive effects of managerial power and network centrality are more significantly in the strong big data environment. These findings enrich the research of high-tech enterprise innovation from a combinative governance view, and contribute to the literatures on enterprise innovation in big data environment.     

国际一流科技期刊的办刊模式探索及启示——以《自然》为例

【目的】 分析国际一流科技期刊办刊模式,为我国建设国际一流期刊提供建议。【方法】 以《自然》为例,通过查阅文献和相关网站,分析国际一流期刊的商业化运营模式,以及服务和支持研究人员、科研机构等利益相关者的策略。【结果】 《自然》实行2种运营策略:产品线延伸——衍生多种家族期刊,构建稿件转移机制,扩大期刊覆盖范围;品牌拓展——创建学术评价指标,拓展衍生期刊内容,提供特色广告服务,创建国家或区域特色数字期刊,以及开展培训服务和奖项评选。【结论】 在我国建设国际一流期刊道路上,可以参考《自然》的运营模式,借鉴共性经验,在办刊模式、办刊理念、稿件处理、机构设置等方面学习世界一流期刊的做法。     

国内英文科技期刊国际化审稿实践的探讨——以Plasma Science and Technology为例

【目的】 尝试探索我国英文科技期刊国际化审稿的实践经验,为同行期刊提供一定参考。【方法】 以Plasma Science and Technology为例,从前期准备工作、选送国际审稿人、及时催审和增审、完善审稿人数据库、激发审稿人积极性等方面详细描述了英文科技期刊开展国际审稿的具体实践,以实例阐述了国际审稿对期刊的影响。【结果】 国际审稿有助于在国际上宣传期刊、提高期刊质量和国际影响力。组建一支庞大的国际审稿人队伍和编辑借助稿件采编系统送审稿件是期刊国际审稿行之有效的途径,但国际审回率偏低是目前面临的主要困难。【结论】 国内英文科技期刊应当重视国际审稿。提高送审稿件质量、提升编辑业务能力、多渠道开展期刊国际宣传有利于提高国际审回率,推进期刊审稿国际化进程。     

创业环境对新创企业绩效的影响:基于资源中介作用的深圳硅谷创业园实证研究

创业环境对新创企业资源和绩效是如何发生作用的,虽然现有研究提供了一些有益启示,但目前仍然缺乏中国情景的实证检验。本文基于深圳硅谷创业园105家新创企业的问卷分析,得出主要结论:政策环境、基础设施、融资环境、技术环境、市场环境主要对新创企业的运营性资源获取产生影响,影响作用最为明显的是政策环境、融资环境和市场环境;技术环境、市场环境、教育与培训主要对新创企业知识资源获取产生影响,影响作用最为明显的是市场环境、教育与培训;各创业环境要素均通过资源获取作用于新创企业绩效。研究发现和管理启示有助于政府部门开展相关工作,以及改善新创公司管理层与环境的互动能力。     

德国科技创新经验对粤港澳大湾区建设国际科技创新中心的启示

全球经济受到新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的严重冲击,坚持创新驱动发展战略是中国恢复经济和实现高质量发展的必然要求。基于对国际科技创新中心(以下简称"国际科创中心")的内涵和政府功能的梳理,从科技发展战略、支持尖端技术研究、科技创新的金融支持系统、直接推动企业实施创新创造和帮助高科技企业提升国际化管理等5个方面总结德国建设欧洲乃至全球科技创新中心的一系列政策经验,并阐释其对粤港澳大湾区建设国际科创中心的启示,即制定粤港澳大湾区国际科创中心规划,避免各自为政;坚持基础研究和应用研究并重,为科技创新中心提供长久动力;以建设国际科技创新大平台为抓手,提升协同创新效率;加大政府对科技金融的扶持,避免过度市场化;以提升实体经济质量为着力点,建设国际产业科技创新中心。以期为粤港澳大湾区建设国际科创中心提供参考。     

FDI技术外溢效应与本地企业技术创新——基于闽粤139家本地企业的实证研究

分析了外资企业对本地企业不同的技术外溢效应,并研究了这些外溢效应与本地企业技术创新绩效之间的关系。以广东和福建7市9个行业的139家与外资企业处于合作与竞争关系的本地企业为样本获取数据,通过多元回归分析的实证检验,结果表明:示范效应、竞争效应和后向联系效应对本地企业技术创新绩效有显著正的影响,而员工流动效应和前向联系效应对本地企业技术创新绩效正向作用的假设没能得到支持。     

The evolution of government sponsored collaboration network and its impact on innovation: A bibliometric analysis in the Chinese solar PV sector

This study explores the dynamics of a government sponsored collaboration network concerning the development of solar photovoltaics (PV) technologies in China, and investigates the effect of network evolution on the subsequent innovation performance of network actors. Network structure characteristics and attribute proximity variables are jointly examined through a bibliometric methodology based on scientific publication and patent data. In addressing the evolution of the government sponsored collaboration network, this study has identified that actors are more likely to engage in collaboration with prior partners, partners of direct & indirect partners, and partners with similar attributes. These collaboration patterns, in turn, negatively impact direct ties and network efficiency, and increase the attribute proximity of an actor’s network. On the other hand, the estimation results indicate that direct ties have an inverted U-shaped effect on innovation performance, while indirect ties are found to be positively related to innovation performance. As expected, a positive effect of network efficiency is found on innovation performance. The results of attribute proximity variables suggest geographical proximity is negatively related to innovation performance. Taken together, the collaboration patterns in the government sponsored network might have a negative impact on innovation performance of network actors. The empirical findings extend the network literature that collaboration network matters differently in different research contexts, and it is no longer appropriate to simply assume that collaboration is purely a good thing. As such, special attention should be paid to the network structure and composition in further policy design.     

众包竞赛用户竞争网络演化及其驱动因素研究:以猪八戒网站为例

厘清众包竞赛中用户之间的竞争关系，有利于了解用户的组织和创新方式，提高众包竞赛的创新效率。以社会网络与随机统计理论为基础，将竞争网络演化驱动因素归纳网络结构属性、节点属性及网络关系属性三个维度，基于猪八戒网相关数据构建用户竞争网络，分析用户竞争网络演化特征，并采用指数随机图模型探究众包竞赛用户竞争网络演化的驱动机制。研究表明：竞争网络呈现“高密度，短路径”的特点，小世界特性显著，且竞争网络结构趋于稳定；竞争网络倾向于形成星型结构与闭合三角结构；众包竞赛用户的成交额、竞争强度及结构洞属性有助于网络形成与演化；用户之间的技术结构邻近性与组织邻近性在竞争网络关系形成中发挥显著作用，而经济距离负向影响竞争网络的形成。     

我国大学生创业创新事业的发展对策——基于国内外举措的比较研究

高校创业创新人才的培育迎合了如今激烈竞争的国际社会和知识经济时代的需要,推动大学生创业创新有助于建设创新型国家、建立创业型经济以及解决就业问题。但是我国大学生创业往往失败多、成功少。通过分析我国大学生创业创新推进的瓶颈所在,并结合国内外社会各方机构在推进大学生创业创新事业方面的举措比较,提出有利于我国大学生创业创新事业发展的几点对策建议。     

Effects of taxation on social innovation and implications for achieving sustainable development goals in developing countries: A literature review

In developing countries, taxation is perceived as a brake on economic growth. Indeed, taxes in most of these countries are not sufficiently adapted to the specificity of the taxpayer and often do not consider the weak administrative capacity of the countries in the region. In this context, reforms have been initiated over the last decade to create tax environments that encourage savings, investment, entrepreneurship, and social innovation. This study provides an overview of research on the effects of taxation on social innovation and the corresponding implications for the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in developing countries, taking three approaches: thematic, chronological, and methodological. Most studies agree that high taxes in business undermine social innovation and thus the achievement of SDGs, as social innovation is known to be a driver of most SDGs and business the vehicle. The majority of the selected studies used primary data collected from samples whose representativeness with respect to the population concerned (notably businesses) is still not explicitly justified.     

中国国家科技计划资助国际合作特征分析*--基于中美合著SCI论文计量分析的视角

基于SCI中美科技合作论文数据,对中国国家科技计划于2008-2012年资助的中美合著SCI论文的数量、领域分布、国别分布、联合资助等进行分析,研究发现我国科技计划资助的中美合作研究具有规模大、范围广、领域宽等特点,并呈现以中国为主导的国际合作特征,同时,也发现我国科技计划在一定程度上存在重复资助、对多边合作资助比例偏低等问题。最后,提出了我国科技计划国际合作的改进建议。     

高校师生联合党支部组织力提升研究——以Z大学F研究院为例

提升组织力是切实贯彻落实党的路线、方针、政策和决策部署的重要保证,在基层党组织建设中尤为重要。高校通过提升基层党支部组织力,可以进一步推动高等教育发展,落实好立德树人根本任务,促进党建和业务相融合。Z大学F研究院自2018年以来,根据工作实际进行了支部设置模式探索,依托科研团队组建师生联合党支部,从优化支部设置、夯实支部制度建设、创活党建联动模式等方面着力提升支部组织力,取得了阶段性进展,为高校党支部组织建设提供了更多启示。     

营销能力对技术创新和市场绩效影响的关系研究——基于我国中小上市企业的实证研究

在营销能力与市场绩效的关系研究中,引入中介变量技术创新,从技术创新的视角出发,为技术创新构建3个维度,研究营销能力通过技术创新对市场绩效的影响作用,并对我国340家中小上市企业进行实证分析。研究结果表明,营销能力对于市场绩效有显著影响,同时,营销能力会通过企业技术创新的2个维度(研发投入和技术投入)对市场绩效产生显著影响,然而专利对二者关系的中介作用并不显著。研究结果丰富了企业对营销能力的认识,为企业的技术创新和以后的发展策略都有重要的实践指导意义。