沧州市幼儿体质综合评价分析

幼儿是国家民族的未来，幼儿时期身体健康发育是增强国民体质的基础，幼儿时期体质监测、评定是国民体质研究的一项重要内容。本从幼儿身体形态、机能、素质三方面来以幼儿体质发育规律进行了分析研究。研究对象为沧州市3－6岁幼儿，每半周岁为一年龄段，分为城乡男、女四类样本，根据地理位置和经济发展状况建立了三个测试点，选取样本数共596人，将测试指标输入计算机进行统计。本数据分析显示了幼儿时期体质发育存在着不同于青少年和成人的特有规律。填补了国民体质监测中幼儿体质测试、分析这一空白，通过对幼儿体质的量化评定、分析，将对幼儿全面健康发育成长起到积极促进作用。     

留守儿童心理发展研究略论

留守儿童心理是否健康成长,是近年来留守儿童教育所面临的重要问题之一。学界同仁通过实地调研与理论分析,就留守儿童心理发展进行了深入研究,并以学术研究的方式,就如何促进留守儿童心理发展提出了大量的、切实可行的建议,为更好地促进留守儿童心理健康成长起到不可忽视的作用。     

浅谈创伤心理学视野中家庭对儿童的教育

目前我国儿童青少年心理健康问题频现,本文阐述了家庭环境对儿童健康成长的重要性,介绍了创伤心理学EMDR中的适应性信息加工模型,并就此模型对心理创伤导致儿童持续负面影响作出解释,在此基础上提出家庭在教养儿童时应该注意的问题。     

Educational and psychological problems of abused children

The findings of this study tend to confirm the hypothesis that abused children are found to be significantly different from nonabused children in academic achievement, placement in classes for the emotionally disturbed and for the educable mentally retarded. The data also confirm the hypothesis that abused and neglected children are placed in special facilities more frequently than children who have not been adjudged as abused. Further, abused and neglected children were reported to exhibit behaviors indicative of psychological problems. Within each of the dimensions investigated, abused and neglected children were found to have significant problems.In light of the significant differences found in this study, we find substantial support for the projects being supported by the National Center for Child Abuse and Neglect designed to involve the schools in the United States in the battle against children abuse and neglect. Especially important is the project of the Education Commission of the States designed to create an awareness among school systems, professional teacher organizations, and state and local legislative governing bodies of their potential in the battle against child abuse and neglect.In light of the loss of human potential as well as the increased costs involved in providing special classes for the abused and neglected child, allocation of resources to involve schools and school personnel as a part of the multidisciplinary team concerned with child abuse and neglect seems well justified. Additionally, the allocation of fiscal resources for research designed to secure data regarding the sequelae of child abuse is also amply justified.     

浅谈父亲在学前儿童心理发展中的角色和作用

父爱如山,在学前儿童的心理发展过程中,父亲扮演着重要的角色,如果缺少父亲的陪伴,将会对儿童的心理发育产生严重的影响。长期拥有父亲陪伴的儿童具有更加积极的性格,相反,如果长期没有父亲的陪伴,会在学前儿童的内心深处产生深刻的自卑心理,因此,父亲的作用是十分重要的,尤其是学前儿童正处在身心发育的关键性阶段,如果不能得到父亲的关怀与细心的呵护,将会对今后的人生产生严重的心理障碍。本文的论述重点就是针对父亲在学前儿童的成长过程中所扮演角色进行论述,并且分析父亲对儿童心理所具有的作用,希望通过本文的论述,能够为父母起到一定的警示性作用,为了孩子的健康成长,我们要重视起父亲的角色。     

Computer-assisted and traditional psychological assessment of elementary-school-aged children

Computer-assisted psychological assessment was evaluated as a possible alternative to traditional assessment methods. Forty gifted children and forty behavior problem children were administered the State Anxiety and FIRO-BC personality inventories. Half from each group were tested using a cathode ray tube computer terminal while the others were given standard written forms of the tests. All children were retested at a mean interval of 1 week using the same procedures. Test—retest correlations were significant for all six FIRO-BC personality scales regardless of assessment method. Time required to administer and score the inventories was significantly reduced by the computer procedure. While the children's initial perceptions of computers were generally favorable, the perceptions of those children who received the computerized tests significantly increased. Measures of mean state anxiety were uniform with all groups showing significant decreases from first to second testing sessions. These findings suggested that interactive computer assessment may provide a viable alternative to traditional assessment methods with children.     

怎样帮助孩子度过心理困惑期--孩子心理困惑期提前的案例分析

今天我路过四年级语文办公室,四( 2 )班班主任王老师看见,跑出来喊了我一声:“焦校长,请你过来一下。”我跟随他进了办公室,正好看见他班一男生冲着王老师大哭大闹,谁的话都听不进去;为了打破僵局,我将该男生带到我的办公室。先请他坐下,再请他喝水,要求他冷静后再谈;这时他仍然歇斯底里大哭不止,并解下自己的红领巾和中队标志,摔到桌上,好像受了很大委屈,我又给他递上纸巾,让他将肚里所有不愉快都哭出来,随之他又嚎啕大哭起来……半小时过后,他平静了下来,开始向我倾诉:这段时间爸爸、妈妈在家动不动就向他发脾气;同学们都与他过不去、疏远…     

Coping efficacy and psychological problems of children of divorce

Three models of the relations of coping efficacy, coping, and psychological problems of children of divorce were investigated. A structural equation model using cross-sectional data of 356 nine- to twelve-year-old children of divorce yielded results that supported coping efficacy as a mediator of the relations between both active coping and avoiding coping and psychological problems. In a prospective longitudinal model with a subsample of 162 of these children, support was found for Time 2 coping efficacy as a mediator of the relations between Time 1 active coping and Time 2 internalizing of problems. Individual growth curve models over four waves also found support for coping efficacy as a mediator of the relations between active coping and psychological problems. No support was found for alternative models of coping as a mediator of the relations between efficacy and symptoms or for coping efficacy as a moderator of the relations between coping and symptoms.     

Sexual interest in children,child sexual abuse,and psychological sequelae for children

This article reviews the literature on sexual victimization of minors and the role of school psychologists in assessing and intervening with sexually abused minors. Although estimates of child sexual abuse prevalence differ widely owing to disclosure biases and the definitions that researchers have used in studying it, it is clear that child sexual abuse is a serious public problem. Also troubling is the extent to which “normal” adults, especially males, exhibit sexual interest in children, suggesting that a substantial number may be at risk for victimizing minors; fortunately, a variety of inhibitory mechanisms prevent most adults from committing this crime. Although victims typically suffer from sexual abuse, surprisingly, some evidence suggests that victims of sexual abuse can exhibit neutral or even positive outcomes, a controversial finding that has numerous possible explanations. Tragically, childhood sexual abuse may lead the victim to become an abuser later in life, sometimes while still a minor. We suggest directions for future research. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

论教师言行对小学生心理发展的影响

小学生正处于心智尚未成熟的时期,这个时期教师对学生的影响也就显得尤为显著,教师的一言一行不仅成为了学生效仿学习的榜样,同时也可能会给儿童自尊心、自信心的发展带来正面或负面的影响。文章从教师自身言语行为出发,突出教师良好的言行给学生带来的积极影响,以及不良的言行对学生的心理发展带来的伤害,使教师能更好地权衡利弊,达到教育目的的同时,保护好学生,使他们的身心不受伤害。     

The academic and psychological benefits of exercise in healthy children and adolescents

This review examines the psychological benefits exercise is connected to in healthy children and adolescents. Studies on the effect of exercise on academic performance, self-esteem, emotions, and mood were examined. Academic performance is found to be maintained when normal academic classes are reduced and replaced by an increase in exercise, physical activity, or physical education. Exercise seems to have a positive effect on several aspects of cognition and self-esteem in healthy children and adolescents. A positive connection between exercise and emotions and moods in children is found in the few studies that have been conducted.     

Gathering the views of children and young people to inform practice in a psychological service

This paper describes the process employed by a psychological service to gather the views of children and young people using guided discussion groups and questionnaires. Pupils in the guided discussion groups were asked to identify issues that affect them and how adults could help. This information was analysed using thematic analysis. Seven themes were identified as issues: managing feelings; friendships; behaviour; specific difficulties that can affect learning; not being accepted; bullying; and ‘other important issues’, including bereavement and family difficulties. In relation to each of these themed issues, several sub‐themes regarding how adults could help were collated. Questionnaire data was analysed using inferential statistics. The questionnaire rated the importance of help from adults in the areas of learning, friendships and feelings. Results suggested that these were equally important to primary‐aged pupils. Findings were used to contribute to the development plan and shape future practice.     

进城务工人员子女心理问题成因及矫正对策

进城务工人员遍布全国各地,几乎每一个学校都有进城务工人员子女。推进教育和谐公平,调查进城务工子女的心理问题,做好进城务工人员子女的教育工作,已成为刻不容缓的任务。本文试图探讨进城务工人员子女心理问题形成的因素与对策。主要策略有:建立档案,重视家访,家校联系,尊重学生人格,开展心理健康教育,帮助学生树立自信心,开展活动,激励教育,积极引导,讲究教育方法等。     

我国教师绩效评估中的问题、影响和对策

我国教师绩效评估存在着评估内容窄化、对绩效形成机制缺乏深入的归因分析、忽视教师本人的权利救济等问题.不完善的教师绩效评估会产生负面影响:引发教师的不公平感,影响工作热情;诱发教师的失范行为;造成教育资源的浪费;影响受教育者的健康成长.教师绩效评估内容应当兼顾行为和结果,并对绩效结果进行深入的归因分析,同时要保证教师的全程和深度参与.     

An overview of studies on psychological well-being in children born following assisted reproductive technologies

Over the course of the past 35 years, assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have been increasingly used worldwide, while debates on their safety have been generated. Birth defects and imprinting disorders were reported in previous research. Thus, the psychological development of children born following ARTs has become a major concern nowadays. This review gives a systematic view of psychological well-being of children conceived by different types of ART, including in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), preimplantation genetic diagnosis/screening, and in vitro maturation. The previous studies are analyzed in three sections: (1) cognitive, motor, and language developments, (2) behavior problems and socio-emotional development, and (3) parent-child relationship. We conclude that although the majority of the studies on cognitive, motor, and language developments reported comparable achievements in the ART group vs. the naturally conceived group, lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores, worse visual-motor ability or locomotor development, and delayed receptive language competence were found in the ART group. The results on the socio-emotional development were reassuring. As for the behavior problems, a higher prevalence of behavior problems existed in ART children; moreover, ICSI children were found to be at a higher risk of autism than the general population. Meanwhile, ART parents tended to have positive parental attitudes and be more protective of their children. Some suggestions for further research are also given in this review.