英语话语风格中的性别差异

回顾了男女两性话语风格的主要差异并评析了四种相应的解释理论,并指出研究者只有充分考虑了除性别以外的其它因素,如种族、文化、会话场合、会话人之间的角色关系等对话语风格影响,才能科学地解释话语风格中的性别差异。     

乐观研究述评

研究发现,乐观能够影响个体的身体健康、心理健康和成就等。本文从乐观的界定、结构、测量方法、影响效果、临床干预等几个方面简述了东西方研究者的研究情况,并指出了缺乏对乐观起源的探讨,国内大陆地区研究的匮乏等问题及今后努力的方向。     

Students’ attributions for their best and worst marks: Do they relate to achievement?

Research has found a relation between motivation and attributions for success and failure. However, few studies have clarified the relationship of attributions to school achievement and possible cultural differences in this relationship. To investigate this issue, 5333 secondary students (European, Asian, Maori, Pacific) rated four common attributions - ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck - and three social influences (teachers, peers, and family) for their best and worst marks. Motivation orientations were also measured. Several measures were significantly related to students’ GPA scores, most notably the motivation orientations Doing My Best and Doing Just Enough, but also attributions to effort, teacher, and peer influences. There were substantial differences for ethnicity, particularly between European students and Maori and Pacific students. The results support theories claiming that effort attributions motivate achievement but also support the benefits of a self-serving bias.     

元认知监控的发展

自上世纪八十年代以来,关于元认知监控的研究已取得许多有价值的研究成果。其中,关于元认知监控的发展规律上也得到广泛的关注。但是受到实验范式、实验条件、实验材料等的影响,关于该研究点上仍有许多问题值得探索。     

论语言理解的超认知策略及培养

在影响语言理解的诸多因素中,理解所使用的语言理解策略起着重要的作用。超认知语言理解策略是理解策略中的最高体系,对整个语言理解策略系统有着调节和监控的作用。因此,如何培养语言学习的超认知理解策略,越来越引起语言研究和教育的关注。根据语言理解的超认知策略对教学的启示,教学设计可分为认知选择、认知习得、认知建构和综合认知几个步骤。     

英语专业基础阶段听力元认知意识调查研究

以元认知理论为框架,采用Vandergrift等学者的英语听力元认知意识问卷,从实证角度对英语专业基础阶段学生的英语听力元认知意识状况进行了调查,结果显示他们的总体元认知意识尤其是个人知识维度较低,在此基础上分析了其原因并提出了相应对策。     

消解大学生心理障碍之解释风格策略浅析

大学生主要存在的心理问题是:焦虑,自卑,自我评价低;学业压力问题、就业问题和人际关系问题;长期沮丧问题。针对这些问题,根据解释风格理论,提出消除大学生心理障碍的对策:帮助学生学会捕捉自己负面的自动思维,对自动思维进行评估,反驳自己的自动思维,找出正确的解释。     

聋人大学生应对方式的研究

对181名正常在校大学生,166名聋哑大学生的应对方式研究发现:⑴聋人大学生六个应对因子的均分均高于正常大学生,其中“自责”和“合理化”“解决问题”、“退避”四个应对因子的均分差异显著。⑵聋人男大学生使用六种应对方式均多于正常男大学生,其中“合理化”、“自责”、“解决问题”和“退避”应对因子均分增加达到显著水平。⑶聋人女大学生使用六种应对方式均多于正常女大学生,其中“自责”和“合理化”应对因子均分增加达到显著水平。⑷聋人男大学生的“解决问题”、“自责”、“合理化”三个应对因子高于女生,女生的“求助”、“幻想”、“退避”三个应对因子均分高于男生,差异均未达到显著水平。     

The Effects of Social Cues on Confidence Judgments Mediated by Knowledge and Regulation of Cognition

The relationships between knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition and how they interact to mediate the effects of social cues on confidence judgments were investigated. The participants were asked to read 6 literature texts, answer corresponding multiple-choice comprehension questions, and rate the accuracy of their test performances. Subsequently, they were assigned to 4 different ability groups according to their knowledge and their regulation of cognition, assessed by means of a metacognitive checklist and by accuracy results on the tests, respectively. Knowledge and regulation of cognition conjointly played an important role in predicting performance and the magnitude and accuracy of confidence judgments. However, social cues affected confidence judgments of the participants as a function of their regulatory ability only. Results and educational implications are discussed.     

Influence of source credibility on students’ noticing and assessing comprehension obstacles in science texts

This study aims to analyse the effect of source credibility on students’ identification and assessment of comprehension obstacles in science texts. Source credibility was manipulated by providing 12th grade students with paragraphs supposedly taken from science textbooks or, alternatively, from students’ reports. The paragraphs contained information expected to be difficult to understand by the participating students. The students were instructed to report any comprehension obstacle they might find and to rate the comprehensibility of the paragraphs. There was no effect of source credibility on noticing and reporting comprehension obstacles in the conditions of our experiments. However, there was a significant finding regarding comprehensibility scores. The students rated the comprehensibility of the paragraphs supposedly taken from science textbooks higher than the comprehensibility of the same paragraphs supposedly taken from peer reports. The finding has implications on the way students approach the understanding of science texts. An enhancement of students’ feelings of competence in dealing with scientific subject matter would have a beneficial effect on students’ assessment and validation of information in science texts.     

听力理解元认知策略研究

文章通过研究在听力教学中适当培养学生的元认知策略的必要性和可行性。将计划、监控和评价纳入听力教学中,意图启发学生的元认知意识,证明元认知策略在听力中确实能激发学习的主动性和能动性,并最终真正做到提高听力的效果。     

《管子》正文训诂研究

文献正文里的训诂是古代文献中由文献撰写者作出的随文释义的训诂材料。《管子》作为先秦一部重要的子书,其正文训诂与先秦其他文献一样,对于我们正确理解其思想内涵发挥着重要的作用。本文通过《管子》正文中对概念的训释,对同义词和相关相类词的解释,对文句的说明等内容,总结其正文训诂的方法及其所使用的训诂术语如“曰”、“谓”、“谓之”等,探讨了正文训诂在先秦文献中的作用及其在训诂发展史上的价值。     

元认知策略中监控策略的培养——学生英语听力学习个案分析与思考

在教学中,培养学生的元认知能力是提高学生英语听力水平的必要手段,学生在英语听力课堂上运用元认知策略中的监控策略是提高听力水平的有效途径。教师要加强对学生元认知策略指导,培养学生自我监控能力,使他们在听力过程中,发挥其自觉性和主观能动性,以提高学习效率。     

Literature Review on Metacognitive Strategies

This thesis firstly deals with the definition of metacognition, metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive strategies. Then, it presents the relationship between metacognitive knowledge and metacognitiv...     

元认知策略在大学英语听力教学中的应用

针对目前大学英语听力教学中存在的问题,提出应该将元认知策略应用到听力教学当中。教师应该培养学生的元认知策略使用的意识,培养学生昕前计划的能力．培养学生自我监控的能力,培养学生评估和反思的能力以及培养学生课外自主学习的能力。     

Cognitive style and gender differences in children’s mathematics achievement

Males are often found to outperform females in tests of mathematics achievement and it has been proposed that this may in part be explained by differences in cognitive style. This study investigated the relation between Wholistic-Analytic and Verbal-Imagery cognitive style, gender and mathematics achievement in a sample of 190 Australian primary school students aged between 8–11?years (M?=?9.77, SD?=?1.05). It was hypothesised that males would outperform females in mathematics achievement tests, and that gender would interact with cognitive style on mathematics performance. A significant gender/cognitive style interaction was found. Boys with an Analytic/Imagery style achieved significantly higher results than the girls with an Analytic/Imagery style, supporting the contention that certain cognitive styles affect boys and girls mathematics performance differently. Implications of results and strategies for improving mathematics achievement among girls are discussed.     

“娜拉型”话剧中的“出走”及性别焦虑

本文关注五四以后出现的一批"娜拉型"话剧."出走"在"形式的意识形态"层面的意义,是本文解读的重点."田亚梅"们的"出走",是作为女性解放运动"引路人"的男性知识分子们的现代想像与性别焦虑.     

Attributions of female adolescent incest victims regarding their molestation

It has been suggested that how one cognitively appraises his or her victimization experience will influence one's psychological adjustment. In this study, content analysis was conducted on the explanations given for their molestation by 84 female adolescent incest victims. The relationship of these explanations with measures of self-esteem and depression was examined. No relationship was found between self-esteem or depression scores and whether or not subjects found some meaning or explanation for their being molested. However, the type of attribution was related to self-esteem and depression, with subjects significantly more depressed and having lower self-esteem if they attributed the molestation as due to something about self (internal attribution) versus some reason external to self (external attribution). Subjects making internal attributions were more likely to have experienced intercourse.