Middle Grades Career Planning Programs

Students in middle grades are making decisions that greatly affect their future educational and career paths. Many times students do not have the necessary information or assistance to help them make decisions that would engender success in their educational and career paths. For students to be able to think about their career plans with any depth, they must have a foundation of career awareness and career exploration experiences. These experiences can help students realize what is required of them when interested in a certain career or career cluster and help them form realistic career plans. Implementation of a six-year plan of study, curriculum infusion, and job shadowing are just a few of the critical elements that need to take place in the career exploration phase. These elements, along with others found in a comprehensive career guidance program, can help assure students are cognizant of the many educational and career opportunities available to them and how to capitalize on these opportunities.     

Student Grades and Average Ratings of Instructional Quality: The Need for Adjustment

Abstract

The authors compared the average grades given in 165 behavioral and social science courses with the average ratings given by students to the instructors who taught the courses. Significant positive correlations were found between the average ratings for instructional quality and the average grades received by students. The courses in which the average grades were the highest were also those in which students gave teachers the highest ratings. Among possible reasons for the correlations are that better teachers attracted better students or that quality teachers provided more effective instruction, resulting in more student learning and, thus, higher average grades. Another explanation is that most college students tend to bias their ratings of instructional quality in favor of teachers who grade leniently (I. Neath, 1996). If correct, the latter reasoning begins to explain why the widespread use of student evaluations in the United States in recent decades has been accompanied by increases in the average grades that university students received. To prevent grade inflation, and particularly to avoid rewarding and promoting instructors who use increasingly lax grading standards, administrators should adjust student ratings of instructional quality for the average grades given for a course. In general, only courses near the extremely high and low ends in terms of students' average grades were significantly affected by the statistical adjustment.     

Effects of Autonomy-Supportive Teaching on Student Learning and Motivation

Although autonomy-supportive teaching has been linked with increased student performance, this contention has not yet been explored in an experimental study. This article presents a small, pre/post control group experimental study evaluating the effect of procedural and cognitive autonomy-supportive teaching on student learning and motivation during a 7th-grade reform-based science lesson on motion. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, the 4 treatment conditions featured high and low levels of procedural and cognitive autonomy support. As hypothesized, there was no effect of procedural autonomy support. However, to the authors’ surprise—and in contrast with their hypotheses—students in the low cognitive autonomy-supportive conditions learned significantly more, perceived significantly more choice, and rated instruction as more positive than did students in the high cognitive autonomy-supportive conditions. Results are framed in the context of achieving reform in science teaching.     

目标设置理论对学生学习动机激发的启示

目标设置理论是近年来研究最多、影响最大的一种激励理论，在管理学领域得到了广泛应用，该理论作为一种激励理论也可引入教育领域用来激发学生动机和指导学生的学习。目标设置在对学习动机激发方面有着前提指导的作用，教师与学生在对学习绩效目标的设置上各担负着不同的重要责任。     

小学中高年级语文教学中德育渗透的路径探索

小学中年级是小学阶段的一个转折点,中年级开始,学生的个性差异就逐渐变大,但中高年级知识点的分布却不会因学生心理的变化而做出调整。因此,从中年级开始,学生面对学习必须拿出真本事,而要想让中高年级的学生学好知识,教师要先学会捋顺学生的“毛”,顺着学生的脾性和心意教学,这样既能适时渗透德育,又能“说”出别样的课堂。     

Assumptions and practices in using digital technologies to teach writing in middle‐level classrooms across Canada

Interviews with 216 Grades 4–8 teachers and observations in 21 classrooms show that computers are widely used to teach writing across Canada. Restricted access to computers plays a role in the frequency and types of interactions that students and teachers have with computers in writing classes. Equally influential are assumptions about writing development and effective teaching practice. Many participating teachers believe that spell checkers hamper students’ spelling development. They view computers as tools to extend and support their teaching of mini‐lessons.     

中学年段教学管理综合评价研究

中学年段教学管理主要包括管理组织建设、教学运行管理、教学质量管理、教学辅助管理以及管理制度建设5个方面,通过建立综合评价指标体系,采用改进的层次分析法计算一、二级指标的相对权重。对某中学高中部3个年段进行综合评价的结果表明,该评价指标体系能够对中学年段教学管理水平做出客观、全面的评价,且简单易行。     

Dimensions of Norm-Referenced Compulsory School Grades and their Relative Importance for the Prediction of Upper Secondary School Grades

Irrespective of the grading system, grades are the most valid instrument for predicting educational success. Previous studies have shown that criterion-referenced compulsory school grades are multidimensional, reflecting subject-specific dimensions and a common grade dimension, both of which contribute to the predictive validity of grades. This suggests that in addition to knowledge and skills, grades reflect other aspects which might have importance for the prediction of educational success. The purpose of this study was to investigate, using structured equation modeling, whether norm-referenced compulsory school grades display similar patterns of dimensionality and predictive validity to criterion-referenced grades. Possible differences due to gender and parents' education were considered. Participants were 3855 students born in 1972. The results showed that norm-referenced grades are multidimensional, and that both the subject-specific and common grade dimensions contribute to predicting educational success. In the common grade dimension, girls and students with higher educational backgrounds were favored.     

从教学内容视角看初中英语课堂的有效教学

只有关注学生的全面发展,才能降低英语课堂的恩格尔系数,教师善教,学生乐学,实现英语课堂的有效教学。文章从教学内容视角、教材的含义和地位、教材的有效使用以及三维目标的整合方面对初中英语课堂的有效教学进行论述。     

Phonics, Expository Writing, and Reading Aloud: Playful Literacy in the Primary Grades

Despite the challenges primary grade teachers face in trying to include play in an already crowded curriculum, play has an important place in reading and writing instruction. Children whose early literacy experiences include pleasurable activities are more motivated to pursue the challenging tasks associated with learning and are more likely to develop a life-long love of reading and writing. In this article, a teacher and a teacher educator make a case for the value of play in early literacy and offer examples of the ways teachers can create more playful phonics, read aloud, and expository writing experiences.     

Instructional Leadership in Compulsory Schools in Iceland and the Role of School Principals

The purpose of this paper is to present findings from a study of instructional leadership in 20 Icelandic compulsory schools. More specifically, the perceptions of staff concerning supervision of instruction, and the views of principals regarding their role as supervisors of instructional development. Data was collected with questionnaires from staff and interviews with principals. The approach was based on a mixed-methods design. The findings indicate that supervision of instruction differs between the schools. Principals provide for little direct supervision of teachers, however, they provide considerable indirect supervision. The supervision of instruction suggests that collegial supervisory emphasis is considerable in most of the schools. The collegial model, however, emphasizes systematic collection of data on what happens in classrooms, an important element that is largely neglected in the Icelandic schools.     

小学中高年级儿童造型能力培养的思考与探究

对儿童绘画进行辅导时,教师要尊重儿童的生理、心理特征,对于不同时期的儿童,应当选择相应的教学内容、教学方法,以满足他们的心理需求。在小学中高年级开展造型训练,能有效结束学生随意绘画的习惯,帮助他们提高造型表现能力,促进儿童绘画兴趣进一步发展。     

ARCS动机设计模型在中学语文课堂教学中的效度分析

本研究旨在探讨ARCS动机设计模型在我国课堂教学中的适用性和有效性。采用定量研究与定性研究相结合、前后测现场教学实验的方法,在不中断正常教学秩序的前提下,进行了语课ARCS动机设计模型的教学干预,为期四个月。教学实验班分别为初一年级两个班和高一年级一个班。结果表明,ARCS动机设计模型能被中学语教师有效采纳;在中学语教学中,ARCS动机设计模型的有效性具有一定的年级差异：它能提高初中生的学习动机、学习的努力程度,提高学生的学习成绩,改善差生的学习状况;在高中语教学中,它的有效性不明显。     

试论现代汉语重动句的语法等级

重动句的内部存在三个系列的六个语法等级,其成因主要有:一、重动句各成分之间结构关系的不同;二、重动成分在语法位置上的不同分布;三、重动句各语法单位之间性质的差异。     

Perceived autonomy support,intrinsic motivation,and student ratings of instruction

Motivation theory suggests that autonomy supportiveness in instruction often leads to many positive outcomes in the classroom, such as higher levels of intrinsic motivation and engagement. The purpose of this study was to determine whether perceived autonomy support and course-related intrinsic motivation in college classrooms positively predict student ratings of instruction. Data were collected from 47 undergraduate education courses and 914 students. Consistent with expectations, the results indicated that both intrinsic motivation and autonomy support were positively associated with multiple dimensions of student ratings of instruction. Results also showed that intrinsic motivation moderated the association between autonomy support and instructional ratings—the higher intrinsic motivation, the less predictive autonomy support, and the lower intrinsic motivation, the more predictive autonomy support. These results suggest that incorporating classroom activities that engender autonomy support may lead to improved student perceptions of classroom instruction and may also enhance both student motivation and learning.     

大学班级管理与建设中值得注意的几个问题

作为一个大学班级,团队精神的核心在于协同合作,强调班级合力,注重整体优势,远离个人英雄主义。班级精神的实质不是要班级学生牺牲自我去完成一项工作,而是要充分利用和发挥班级所有成员的个体优势去做好班级工作。     

诵读润声 涵泳浸意——关于中学诗歌有效教学的思考

中学诗歌教学应该在学生读懂的基础上培养学生的体会和感悟能力,诵读和涵泳是诗歌有效教学的重要方法。诵读和涵泳是确保诗歌教学有效性的基石,培养学生的鉴赏能力是提高诗歌教学有效性的妙方。     

中学语文教学对学生创新能力的培养

本文探讨了应试教育的语文教学模式不利于培养学生创新能力的种种因素，介绍了新课程教学实践中总结出的培养学生创新能力的几种方式和相应的策略，以期达到培养中学生创新能力的目的。     

Student Perceptions of a Summer Robotics Camp Experience

Research on the effectiveness of STEM-focused (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics-focused) schools and other learning experiences (e.g., short-term camps) on student outcomes is sparse. This study documented perceptions of STEM content and careers for elementary, middle, and secondary school students participating in university-based summer camps focused on robotics. Attitudes before and after the camp experiences were compared across gender groups and grade levels. Middle school students showed greater growth on the surveys compared to their elementary and secondary school peers. Implications for the design and evaluation of STEM experiences include looking at longer, more intensive experiences.     

中学生学习物理的常见心理问题

对于学生学习物理的困难，不少人往往从学生的智力方面去找原因；其实，应多从非智力因素去分析。心理因素是非智力因素之一，针对这一因素对症下药能够事半功倍。