利他行为产生的机制及对教育的促进作用

培养学生的利他行为是道德教育中的重要内容，为了有效地培养利他行为，应从心理学、神经科学视角寻找利他教育方法。共情和社会情境是影响利他行为的重要因素。人类天生具有共情的生理基础，共情促使个体做出利他行为。相互依赖的社会情境促进利他规范的形成，这些利他规范一方面会约束社会群体的行为，另一方面被内化成个体的价值观，从而影响个体的利他行为。基于此，提出利他教育应该重视四个方面：培养社会认知能力、创设社会互动的情境、重视亲子间的情绪沟通、创设相互依赖的学习情境。     

国外利他行为影响因素的研究综述

利他行为是指一种不期望日后报答而出于自愿的助人行为.国外学者对利他行为,尤其是利他行为的影响因素进行了大量的研究.利他行为的影响因素主要涉及到利他者因素、情境因素和受助者因素三个方面.本文试就国外利他行为影响因素的研究作个简要的综述.     

利他行为的社会认知分析

现实生活中需要利他行为。本文试图通过对利他行为进行社会认知分析!提供一种 弘扬正义、提倡利他的理论依据。文中分析了人们面临紧急情境时是否采取利他行为的认知决定过 程,并着重论述了影响利他行为的内、外因素。     

学校情境中利他主义的基础与重塑

利他精神作为伦理学中受到推崇的道德之一在现今的学校教育中愈发失去立足之地。为此,应重审利他的概念,从人际交往和学校教育两个方面找到其立足的基础。进而学校情境中的利他行为应区分为递进的四个层次:无妨碍的利他行为、互惠的利他行为、利群的利他行为和无私的利他行为,以使学校教育能循序完善利他行为的重塑。     

利他行为的理论与教育研究

清华大学林泰教授及其博士生陶倩在"十五"期间申报并完成了国家课题"利他行为的理论与教育研究"批准号为BEA010064。该课题通过对古今中外利他理论的阐述,以及对当今社会利他行为具体表现和类型、层次的分析,揭示出倡导利他行为有助于促进公民道德水平的提高,重视利他行为研究有助于将公民道德建设落到实处。     

国家与社会关系视野中的群体性事件研究

我国群体性事件频发的根源是改革开放以来国家与社会关系的调整,用“变迁-结构-话语”这一理论框架进行分析,我国群体性事件的频发主要是贫富差距拉大、社会动员与社会颓丧、贪污腐败等变迁因素;基层民主、社会组织发展、制度化能力等结构因素;社会心理基础等话语因素这三类因素共同作用与影响的结果.妥善解决群体性事件应以调整国家与社会的关系为思路,以解决利益矛盾、加强基层民主建设、促进社会中层组织发展、推动群体性事件制度化进程为主要内容.     

情境因素与利他动机

指出利他行为发生的两种情境为非紧急情境与紧急情境,分析了不同情境对利他动机的激活程度、指向目标、维持功能的影响;概括两种情境下可能存在的利他动机包括：奖赏动机、避免惩罚动机、互惠动机、社会责任规范动机、移情动机和自我牺牲动机。     

区隔与脱域——学校空间管理的社会学分析

学校空间通过内部的区隔化,确立自身制度化的空间构建。通过脱域化,即教育场景与地方性社会情境脱离,使学校空间与整体的社会空间的构建相融合并相互促进。     

我国农民群体性非制度化政治参与原因探析——以云南孟连“7·19”事件为分析案例

近年来,我国农民的群体性非制度化政治参与呈现增长趋势,这严重影响了农村乃至整个社会的政治稳定。农民的群体性非制度化政治参与往往直接起源于群众利益被侵害,同时又有着复杂的社会、政治、制度和文化根源。云南孟连事件的发生凸现了当前中国农民群体性政治参与的诸多障碍与现实困境。正视这些问题,才能促进农民政治参与,保证农村政治稳定。     

儿童利他行为发展研究的新进展

利他行为是心理学研究的重要的领域之一。本文就儿童利他行为近二十年中的相关研究进行了介绍,主要包括儿童利他行为的界定、利他行为的发展以及影响利他行为发展的因素,并在此基础上总结了儿童利他行为理论探索的新进展,以期对以后的儿童利他行为的研究有所帮助。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.