规范伦理学:在“理论化”与“反理论”之间

现代道德哲学执念于理性主义传统,总希望能够一劳永逸地找到普遍的道德法则或原则来处理所有的道德问题。现代道德哲学的这种普遍主义的伦理思考路径被称为"理论化"。当代西方的反理论思潮则主张,伦理学应当"去理论化",采取特殊主义的形式。当代规范伦理学的建构应当对这两种对立的主张进行协调,基于伦理实践,构建具有普遍性向度且能容纳特殊主义的伦理理论。     

动物解放论与以往动物保护主义之比较

动物保护伦理是环境伦理学中非人类中心主义流派里的一个重要分支.彼得·辛格的动物解放论是关于动物伦理的现代讨论中最有影响的理论之一.与以往以人类为中心的动物保护主义不同,动物解放主义的基本原则在于功利主义伦理学的平等原则和功利原则,它主张从"动物的解放是人类解放事业的继续"出发,把道德关怀的对象直接扩展到动物身上,从而让动物拥有道德地位,以此从外部、强制性地限制人对动物的伤害行为.     

哈贝马斯商谈伦理理论的立场和应用

商谈伦理学是哈贝马斯交往行为理论的重要组成部分.坚持道德认知主义,反对道德非认知主义、怀疑主义,坚持普遍主义,反对相对主义是哈贝马斯商谈伦理理论的鲜明立场.商谈伦理理论被广泛运用于民主政治领域、公共哲学领域和网络道德教育领域.哈贝马斯的商谈伦理理论具有典范转换的重大意义,但也面临实践困境.     

非伦理行为的“近墨者黑”效应——道德推脱的中介过程与个体特质的作用

为了进一步认识非伦理行为“近墨者黑”效应的发生机制,分别检验了该效应形成的中介过程与个体特质(道德认同和内部控制点)的调节作用。来自308名企业员工的问卷调查表明：当他人实施非伦理行为时,焦点个体会产生较强的道德推脱,进而导致其实施类似的行为。个体的道德认同和内部控制点会负向调节他人非伦理行为与焦点个体非伦理行为的关系。具体而言,当焦点个体的道德认同较高,或内部控制点较强时,他人非伦理行为对其实施非伦理行为的影响会减弱。     

技术伦理学新思潮探析——维贝克“道德物化”思想述评

维贝克建立在技术调解理论基础上的"道德物化"思想,要求对技术物进行负载伦理价值的设计,使技术物在道德实践中发挥作为"行动者"的作用,对使用者的行为产生道德引导和规范作用。作为技术伦理学的新思潮,维贝克的"道德物化"思想在批判继承"经验转向"和"伦理转向"的基础上,承担起了当代技术哲学"第三次转向"的使命,同时以其后人类主义的视角尝试超越传统技术伦理学的二元分析框架,对技术伦理学的发展是很有意义的。     

大地伦理的内涵及其当代意义

大地伦理立足于生态整体主义,在"万物同源论"和"弹性生物链论"的原则基础上,强调非生命体在生态系统中的基础地位,从学理上把"浅生态学"推向了"深生态学",极大地拓展了环境伦理学的研究视域;大地伦理把生命体和非生命体在生态系统中的作用有机统一起来,呼吁人类对非生命体诉诸应有的道德关怀,从而为实现人与自然的和谐共生、推进生态文明建设提供了重要的理论参照。     

必须在社会主义市场经济中寻找新道德的生长点

道德的经济必然性是道德的一般本质，道德的自律性是道德的特殊本质。规范社会主义市场经济发展的道德应从社会主义市场经济本身中引发出来，以往合理的传统道德应受市场经济检验其适用性。等价交换作为市场经济基本原则蕴含着新的伦理原则，这原则也应适用于非经济领域，但不是照搬其形式。其它领域的等价交换的价值载体可以是非物质、非金钱的。社会主义市场经济条件下的社会伦理道德是在等价交换原则基础上的集体主义，它与为人民服务精神是统一的     

功利主义的德性伦理可行性探索

功利主义思想由于缺乏对行动者问题的关注而受到德性伦理等相关伦理思想的批判,但行动者中心的伦理理论又不是自明的。在分析功利主义的特征以及以伯纳德.威廉斯为代表的德性伦理思想家对功利主义忽视"个人完整性"的批判的基础上,我们可以放弃作为决策程序的功利主义,保留功利主义作为一种正当性标准,通过改进黑尔的道德思维层次理论使道德思维的直觉层次与反思层次分别关系于行为者与行为,使功利主义在道德教育和制度设计等方面发挥引导行为倾向、塑造道德人格的作用,可以看做是构建功利主义的德性伦理的一种可行性尝试。     

论道德行为形成过程中伦理心态的构建作用

伦理心态是以道德的认知方式、道德的情感方式、道德的行为方式构成的道德心理反应机制,认知形成信念,情感形成爱憎,行为形成人格,伦理心态既从道德反应和道德态度两个方面构建道德行为,也从道德反应和道德态度两个方面完成对自己的构建。伦理心态在道德行为形成过程中扮演了四个构建角色,即:构建自我的共同体的道德态度、道德思维,构建自我的道德本性、伦理本性,构建自我的非"绝对自我例外"的道德态度,构建自我的道德创造能力。伦理心态对道德行为的构建作用来自三大资源的支撑:认知、情感和意志资源。     

不伤害原则导向下的医德医风教育探析

伴随社会转型,伦理道德问题逐渐成为普遍的社会忧虑.在社会整体道德滑坡的前提下,医德医风问题也十分严重,医学伦理的底线不伤害原则也受到了很大的冲击,在不伤害原则的向导下对实习生、医生进行医德医风教育是非常重要的.     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

胡主席在印度,我却在中国

Today, Sunday morning, I sit thinking and typing at my computer. My thoughts are in my homeland, India and my body is in China. The body is here and mind there for a good reason. Mr. Hu is president and I am resident and both are in each other's countries (what a difference the absence of one small letter makes!). Mr. Hu will return in a few days and I will stay on longer.