糖萜素替代抗生素对仔猪的饲喂效果

本试验比较了含糖萜素(Ⅰ)、含抗生素(Ⅱ)日粮以及空白对照组(Ⅲ)的饲养效果.结果表明:Ⅰ组的平均日增重为472克,料重比为1.84:1;Ⅱ组的平均日增重为431克,料重比为1.98:1;而对照组的平均日增重为399克,料重比为2.12:1,三组猪的生长速度、饲料转化率和腹泻率的差异均达到显著水平(p＜0.05).     

中华绒螯蟹幼蟹对饲料中磷的需要量

研究了饲料中不同磷水平对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长及体组成的影响,确定了幼蟹对磷的适宜需要量.以酪蛋白、鱼粉和晶体氨基酸为蛋白源,磷酸二氢钙为磷源,制成磷水平为0.41%、0.82%、1.21%、1.60%、1.99%和2.42%的6种试验饲料,饲喂初始体重为0.90±0.02g的中华绒螯蟹幼蟹8周.试验结果表明:饲料中不同磷水平对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的增重率和特定生长率影响显著,随着磷水平的增加,增重率和特定生长率呈先升高后降低的趋势,当磷水平为1.60%时达最大值;试验各组间的成活率没有显著差异;全蟹灰分、总磷和肝脏中的磷含量与饲料磷水平呈正相关;以增重率为评价指标,经折线模型分析得出,中华绒螯蟹幼蟹对饲料中磷的最适需要量为1.48%.     

石榴色素用于真丝织物染色的研究

探讨了真丝织物用石榴色素的染色过程,并以K／S值为主要依据确定了最佳工艺,测试了染色真丝织物的色牢度和增重率。得到了石榴色素用于真丝织物最佳的染色工艺：石榴色素提取物浓度20g／L,染色温度70℃,染色时间60min,pH为5,浴比1：40;结果表明：石榴色素用于真丝织物染色,可以得到较好的染色效果;并且可使真丝增重率达2．00％。     

阻燃羊毛纤维的热稳定性研究

用氟钛酸钾与钒酸盐、钼酸盐组成的阻燃体系对羊毛纤维进行阻燃处理,所得的羊毛纤维用热分析、剩碳率、氧指数等分析方法对其热降解行为进行研究.实验证明：经过阻燃处理的羊毛纤维剩碳率和氧指数升高,阻燃性能增强.根据阻燃羊毛纤维的热降解行为的变化,对不同的阻燃剂的阻燃机理做了初步的探讨.     

新型弧形钢纤维渗浇纤维混凝土的压缩性能研究（英文）

目的：渗浇纤维混凝土（SIFCON）的力学性能受纤维类型的影响较大,弧形钢纤维代替端钩钢纤维制备SIFCON引入了潜在可明显提升SIFCON力学性能的纤维桥联机制。本文旨在研究利用弧形钢纤维制备SIFCON提升其压缩性能的可行性,并初步研究弧形钢纤维SIFCON在中低应变率下的抗压性能。创新点：1.利用弧形钢纤维制备新型SIFCON;2.提出弧形钢纤维在SIFCON中潜在的新型桥联机制;3.研究弧形钢纤维SIFCON中低应变率下的单轴压缩性能。方法：综合利用准静态压缩试验和霍普金森压杆试验,研究弧形钢纤维SIFCON的压缩性能,系统分析不同的应变率对弧形钢纤维SIFCON的破坏模式、动态压缩强度、动态应力-应变曲线、动态增强因子和动态韧性的影响。结论：1.在纤维体积分数相近、纤维长径比相同的情况下,采用弧形钢纤维代替普通端钩钢纤维可显著提高SIFCON的准静态压缩性能。2.在SIFCON中采用的“纤维勾连”机制、裂纹表面“二次桥联”、最少两纤维形成“约束环”等措施可有效提高弧形钢纤维的准静态压缩性能。在动态压缩试验中,由于试件尺寸较小和切割过程导致“纤维勾连”机制的潜力减小,限制了动态...     

饲料中添加不同类型Vc对团头鲂幼鱼生长的影响

在团头鲂幼鱼饲料中添加两种不同类型Vc:维生素C多聚磷酸酯和动力C进行养殖试验.结果表明,团头鲂的生长速度随着Vc的添加量增加而上升;饲料系数随着Vc的添加量增加而降低;团头鲂幼鱼饲料中LAPP添加量应在400mg/kg以上;动力C最佳添加量宜在300mg/kg.添加LAPP组的团头鲂在增重率及饲料系数方面效果最佳.     

白羽王鸽孵化期蛋失重及乳鸽增重规律研究初报

对良种白羽王鸽孵化期种蛋及所孵雏鸽逐日称重,探讨孵化期及30日龄内蛋失重及乳鸽日增重规律.结果表明正常鸽蛋失重呈现逐日下降的特点,失重幅度(平均数±标准差)为0.10±0.03g到0.28±0.05 g;失重过快或过慢可能与弹壳通透性过高或蛋壳被覆异物有关.同时,1～6日龄乳鸽增重较缓慢,7～26日龄增重较快,26日龄以后增重极慢.提示在北方农区给产鸽补充营养的时机应选在雏鸽出壳后7～23日龄,理想的出栏日龄以出壳后26日龄为宜.     

日粮中添加红曲霉对五华三黄鸡生长性能、肠道菌群及屠宰性能的影响

本实验研究不同浓度红曲霉菌剂对五华三黄鸡生长性能、肠道菌群和屠宰性能的影响,并确定其在饲料中的适宜添加量.选50只1日龄体重相近的健康五华三黄鸡,随机分成5个处理,对照组为基础日粮,实验组分别喂养添加0.2%、0.5%、0.8%和1.0%红曲菌剂的基础日粮.结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,添加0.5%和0.8%红曲霉菌剂组的鸡平均日增重分别增加23.04%,18.79%,增重效果显著(P<0.05);(2)喂食红曲菌剂1 20 d后鸡肠道中大肠杆菌数量有所下降,而乳酸杆菌数量增加;(3)红曲菌剂各处理组对五华三黄鸡胸肌率、腿肌率无显著影响(P>0.05),但可不同程度降低腹脂率,尤其是0.5%的处理组,腹脂率显著低于对照组(P<0.05).综合考虑,基础日粮中添加红曲霉菌剂对五华三黄鸡的生长有一定的提高作用,并改善了肠道微生物群落,其适宜添加的浓度为0.5%.     

日粮添加"仔猪健"对仔猪生产性能和抗拉稀效果观察及分析

为探讨"仔猪健"对仔猪生产性能及抗拉稀效果的影响,试验选择35-40日龄杜长大/杜大长仔猪80头,随机分成实验组和对照组,每组40头,对照组用普通4%乳猪预混料配制基础日粮,试验组在对照组基础日粮的基础上另按1%比例添加"仔猪健",试验期28天.结果表明试验组仔猪在腹泻率、头均增重、头均日增重、料肉比等方面均优于对照组,经济效益明显.     

玄武岩纤维长径比对混凝土力学性能的影响

研究了玄武岩纤维长径比对混凝土立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度及抗折强度的影响。结果发现:玄武岩纤维的掺入有利于提高混凝土强度,但纤维长径比不同,对强度的改变程度不同。玄武岩纤维对混凝土立方体抗压强度提升幅度最小,最高为8.1%,较适宜纤维长径比在800:1~1200:1之间;对混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度提升幅度最大,最高为23.8%,对混凝土的抗折强度提升幅度居中,最高为15.8%,最优纤维长径比均在1200:1~1600:1之间。为提高混凝土强度,长径比相对较大的纤维应适当降低纤维体积率,长径比相对较小的纤维可适当增加纤维体积率,但不宜超过0.15%。     

~(133)Cs胁迫对转IrrE油菜生理活性的影响

以转IrrE基因油菜为材料,以非转基因油菜为对照,砂培条件下研究了油菜对Cs的积累吸收情况和Cs胁迫对油菜SOD、POD酶活性、MDA含量及游离脯氨酸含量的影响.结果表明:随着处理浓度的增大,转基因油菜和非转基因油菜对Cs的吸收量都增大,二者根部的吸收量都大于其地上部分;转基因油菜根部的积累量大于非转基因油菜根部的量,而地上部分积累量小于非转基因油菜的含量;在不同Cs浓度的胁迫下,转基因和非转基因叶片的SOD和POD活性均呈现先升后降的趋势,4种Cs浓度处理下转基因油菜活性都高于非转基因油菜;转基因和非转基因油菜叶片的MDA含量均呈上升的趋势,但转基因油菜体内的MDA含量都低于非转基因油菜;4种处理下油菜叶片脯氨酸含量也表现出上升趋势,而转基因油菜产生的游离脯氨酸高于非转基因产生的.以上结果说明在油菜受到Cs胁迫时,转IrrE基因油菜比非转基因油菜更具有Cs胁迫耐受性.     

大学生身体成分和心肺功能的测定研究

文章以浙江省某本科院校582名18～23岁大学生为研究对象,测定了他们的身体成分和心肺功能状况。研究结果显示：男生在体重、身体质量指数、去脂体重、肌肉重量等17项指标上得分高于女生,且男女生存在显著差异。而女生则在脂肪量、体脂率、水肿指数、躯干脂肪量等7项指标上得分高于男生,且男女生存在显著差异。在脂肪控制和肌肉控制方面,男生比女生更需要减脂、增肌,两项指标均存在显著的性别差异。女生功能能力和最大摄氧量均低于男生,且统计检验表明男女生存在显著差异。     

Improved cadmium uptake and accumulation in the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii: the impact of citric acid and tartaric acid

The elucidation of a natural strategy for metal hyperaccumulation enables the rational design of technologies for the clean-up of metal-contaminated soils.Organic acid has been suggested to be involved in toxic metallic element tolerance,translocation,and accumulation in plants.The impact of exogenous organic acids on cadmium(Cd) uptake and translocation in the zinc(Zn)/Cd co-hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii was investigated in the present study.By the addition of organic acids,short-term(2 h) root uptake of 109 Cd increased significantly,and higher 109 Cd contents in roots and shoots were noted 24 h after uptake,when compared to controls.About 85% of the 109 Cd taken up was distributed to the shoots in plants with citric acid(CA) treatments,as compared with 75% within controls.No such effect was observed for tartaric acid(TA).Reduced growth under Cd stress was significantly alleviated by low CA.Long-term application of the two organic acids both resulted in elevated Cd in plants,but the effects varied with exposure time and levels.The results imply that CA may be involved in the processes of Cd uptake,translocation and tolerance in S.alfredii,whereas the impact of TA is mainly on the root uptake of Cd.     

不同铵硝比的氮素营养对菠菜氮磷钾吸收的影响

不同铵硝比的氮素营养对菠菜氮磷钾养分吸收影响显著。(1)铵硝比对于菠菜各部位含氮量的影响不大,随着铵硝比的下降,菠菜植株累积的氮素显著增加。(2)适当增铵有利于磷、钾的吸收和累积;铵硝比为25:75的处理,菠菜植株中磷、钾含量和累积量均最高。     

“增加群众财产性收入”的伦理意蕴探析

增加群众财产性收入的命题体现了重要的伦理价值,包含了丰富的伦理意蕴。马克思主义要求社会主义应该努力增加群众的财产性收入。群众一切符合正义原则的财产性收入即为其应该增加的财产性收入;群众一切通过不正义手段而增加的财产性收入不应该增加。财产性收入相对于自由的实现具有重要的工具性价值,所以增加群众的财产性收入有助于人们实质自由的实现;群众的财产性收入只能在自由的实现中实现。     

Professional development across the teaching career: Teachers’ uptake of formal and informal learning opportunities

This study examined teachers’ uptake of formal and informal learning opportunities across the career cycle. Analyses were based on data from 1939 German secondary teachers in 198 schools. Results showed that formal learning opportunities (in-service training) were used most frequently by mid-career teachers, whereas informal learning opportunities showed distinct patterns across the teaching career. Specifically, use of professional literature increased with teacher age, but teacher collaboration decreased. Teachers’ work engagement and professional responsibilities were hypothesised to predict changes over the career. However, although these variables partly predicted uptake of learning opportunities, they did not fully explain the age-related differences observed.     

The effect of assessment of process after receiving teacher feedback

This exploratory study investigated the effect of assessing both process and product compared to assessing written products alone. Two groups of students received teacher feedback over a one-year period. One group was assessed on their revisions in addition to the quality of final drafts, while a second group was assessed on the quality of final drafts alone. The uptake of feedback, in the form of revision attempts, and the success of those attempts were compared between the two groups using a Mann–Whitney U-test. In addition, improvement in writing performance was measured and compared between the two groups using one-way analysis of variance. It was found that the group assessed on process had significantly higher uptake of feedback than the group assessed on product alone. However, the increased uptake consisted of unsuccessful revision attempts, while the number of successful revisions was almost identical between the groups. It was also found that the group assessed on final product alone improved significantly more than the group assessed on process in terms of essay content. It is concluded that the assessment of feedback may not be necessary in some contexts, and suggestions are given for increasing the quality of learning achieved by teacher feedback.     

碳化硅质量对微波加热的影响

本文主要研究了碳化硅的质量对微波加热升温速度的影响。结果表明,碳化硅试样的质量过大或过小,其平均升温速度均较小,只有当试样质量在某一适范围内,平均升温速度可达最大值;同时还表明,在低温阶段,碳化硅试样质量越小,升温越快,高温阶段,质量越小升温越慢。     

Mechanochemical degradation of potato starch paste under ultrasonic irradiation

1 Introduction a As the most abundant reserve polysaccharide in plants, starch consists of a mixture of two α-glucans. Amylose and amylopectin are two macromolecular components of starch granules. Amylose, a poly (1-4)-α-D-glucan, is essentially linear …     

Effect of relative humidity on non-refractory submicron aerosol evolution during summertime in Hangzhou,China

Relative humidity (RH) has a significant and complex effect on aerosols because of the aqueous phase process and gas-particle partition. The mass concentration and size distribution of organic aerosols, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and chloride were measured using high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry (HR-ToF-AMS). These measurements were recorded from Aug. 5 to Sept. 23, 2016 in Binjiang District, Hangzhou, China, during which period more than 78% of the readings showed an RH over 60%, while the average temperature was 26 °C. Correlation analysis was applied to inorganic aerosol measurements while positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied for source apportionment of organic aerosols (OA). The pattern of fixation of ammonium in aerosols changed as the RH increased, suggesting that RH enhances nitrate participation in particles, while sulfate is scavenged by droplets. All species of non-refractory submicron particles (NR-PM₁) showed an increase in their peak size as the RH increased. Primary OA (POA) continuously accumulated as the RH increased. When RH<60%, oxygenated OA (OOA) increased with increasing RH because of oxidation; semi-volatile OOA (SV-OOA) had a higher mass concentration during the daytime than at nighttime, indicating that the aqueous phase process and photochemistry synergistically affect the formation of oxygenated SV-OOA. When RH>60%, there was a relatively slow decrease in OOA, dominated by the wet removal effect rather than oxidation. The degree of oxidation of OA decreased as RH increased; this can be explained by most of the OOA with higher hygroscopicity being removed as droplets.