对小学数学学习困难儿童工作记忆广度的研究

研究小学数学学习困难儿童的工作记忆广度后,很明显的发现,正常儿童在视觉空间和言语工作记忆广度上都高于数学学习困难的儿童,对数学学习困难儿童是否伴随阅读困难进行对比,发现并没有显著的差异存在于二者的视觉空间和言语工作记忆广度上。导致数学学习困难儿童的这种不足的是发展的延迟。     

我国学习困难儿童工作记忆研究的文献计量分析

本文对我国关于学习困难儿童工作记忆研究的23篇论文进行了文献计量分析.研究论文总体数量较少,研究的关注群体主要集中于学习困难的中小学生,研究方法以实验为多,研究思路以学习困难儿童与非学习困难儿童比较为主,中央执行功能、空间工作记忆和言语工作记忆成为考察差异的三个维度.存在的主要问题是:对于学习困难儿童诊断模糊;工作记忆测量工具不统一,缺乏有效的测量工具;研究全部为描述性研究,缺乏干预研究;神经心理学取向研究缺乏.     

对小学学困生的工作记忆广度探究

文章旨在对小学数学学困生的工作记忆广度进行研究,分析工作记忆广度的发展特性。学生对数学知识的领悟和理解能力都受到工作记忆广度的影响。教师可通过适当的辅导,扩展小学生的工作记忆广度,以榜样树立,师生交流,心理辅导,家校合作等形式,帮助学困生找回自信,培养学习兴趣,建立良好的学习习惯,提高学习成绩。     

聋人及听力正常人工作记忆的比较研究

以工作记忆广度、提取速度作为因变量指标,探讨了聋人及听力正常人在工作记忆中的差异。研究结果表明:(1)聋人的言语工作记忆广度小于听力正常人,而其视空工作记忆广度又显著大于听力正常人;(2)任务难度对工作记忆广度有着显著的影响,但它对聋人及听力正常人在工作记忆中的差异影响不大。(3)聋人在任务中的提取速度慢于听力正常人。     

智力超常儿童的工作记忆特点——基于工作记忆精确度与广度的实验研究

选取合肥市某校13-14岁智力超常儿童、智力良好儿童和一般智力儿童共107名,采用Corsi组块任务和延迟反应任务考察不同智力水平儿童的工作记忆精确度及广度,从而揭示智力超常儿童的工作记忆特点。结果显示：(1)智力超常儿童和智力良好儿童的工作记忆广度无显著差异,但均显著优于一般智力儿童;(2)智力超常儿童的工作记忆精确度显著优于另两组儿童,并且抑制无关刺激干扰的能力也要显著优于另两组儿童。该结果揭示智力超常儿童工作记忆的精确度与广度均具有优越性,且精确度上体现的优越性更为突出、稳定。     

对学困生小学数学工作记忆广度的研究

小学数学的学习存在一定的难度,需要理解和运用的知识很多,同时也需要很强的逻辑推理能力、计算能力、空间想象能力等各种数学能力,很多学生不知道如何学习,甚至对数学学习产生抵触心理,数学水平下降,由此形成了小学数学学困生。学困生的小学数学工作记忆广度与深度都比正常学生要低,导致他们的数学学习水平越来越差。所谓工作记忆,指的是在完成任务的过程中将信息暂时储存,并对信息进行处理与加工,帮助执行者完成任务。工作记忆的内容是随时间不断变化的,具有一定的连续性。新课标要求教师增强学困生小学数学工作记忆广度,以提高学困生的数学学习水平,那么教师应该如何做呢?     

教师课堂教学语速新思考——从学生工作记忆广度的角度出发

学生工作记忆广度是教师课堂教学语速的重要影响因素之一。教师需要考虑学生工作记忆广度的个体差异而调整语速,使课堂教学效率得以提升。学生言语理解,课堂中的情绪状态以及对课程内容的熟知程度是直接影响学生工作记忆广度的重要课堂因素,教师语速匹配这些间接因素同样可以提高学生的工作记忆广度进而获得更高的课堂学习效率。     

国外学龄前数学学习困难儿童及其工作记忆机制研究综述

文章梳理并探讨了国外学龄前数学困难儿童及其工作记忆机制的研究现状,并基于对数学学习困难儿童的相关研究提出建议,以期对我国学龄前数学学习困难儿童及其工作记忆机制的研究提供参考。     

小学生工作记忆广度与心算能力关系研究——以五年级学生为例

为了考察工作记忆广度与心算能力的关系,本研究选取了大连市某小学五年级学生63名,实验要求被试首先完成工作记忆广度任务,然后完成心算任务。结果发现,工作记忆广度与心算成绩存在显著相关;进一步的回归分析发现,数字工作记忆广度对心算成绩起作用。     

数学学习困难儿童的多媒体教学策略

如何对数学学习困难儿童进行有效干预是很多教育工作者关心的问题。已有研究表明,工作记忆的缺陷是数学学习困难的根本原因。而基于认知负荷理论的教学设计正是针对人的工作记忆容量有限这一特点,利用多媒体来促进意义学习的完成。文章试图以工作记忆为桥梁,结合认知负荷理论,提出几条针对数学学习困难儿童的多媒体教学的干预措施,并指出了将来的研究方向。     

Development of Working Memory from Grade 3 to 5: Differences between Children With and Without Mathematical Learning Difficulties

Based on the finding that children with mathematical learning difficulties (MLD) have deficits in working memory (WM), the question arises as to whether these children differ from typical learners only in the level or also in the developmental trajectories of WM functioning. To this end, the WM of 80 children with MLD and 71 typical learners was assessed longitudinally from third to fifth grade. Typical learners outperformed children with MLD in the phonological, visuospatial and central executive WM functioning in third grade. Latent change analyses indicated that both phonological and central executive WM functioning developed in a parallel pattern in children with MLD and in typical learners. In contrast, visuospatial WM functioning revealed a different development in children with and without MLD since the gap between both groups decreased over time. Overall, despite starting at a lower level, the WM functioning in children with MLD did not develop more slowly.     

学习不良者的工作记忆特点

有关学习不良者的工作记忆特点的研究表明,阅读不良者与数学学习不良者都存在语音回路功能缺陷(如语音表征的效率低)以及中央执行器功能缺陷(如对注意控制的能力不足) ,即学习不良与工作记忆缺陷密切相关。今后的研究应进一步探明学习不良者工作记忆缺陷的深层原因。     

工作记忆研究进展

工作记忆是当前记忆研究的热点课题之一。文章回顾了以往的研究,从以下方面系统总结了工作记忆的研究进展,包括工作记忆的概念界定,工作记忆的理论模型,工作记忆的广度研究及个体差异,工作记忆的应用,并对研究进程进行了展望。     

工作记忆对句子加工影响的研究

句子加工是心理语言学研究的重要内容,主要关注影响加工过程的因素。工作记忆是影响句子加工过程的重要因素之一。文章首先分析工作记忆的作用与特点,然后探讨工作记忆和工作记忆容量的个体差异对歧义句和复合句加工的影响。     

Construction play and cognitive skills associated with the development of mathematical abilities in 7-year-old children

Construction play is thought to develop logico-mathematical skills, however the underlying mechanisms have not been defined. In order to fill this gap, this study looks at the relationship between Lego construction ability, cognitive abilities and mathematical performance in 7-year-old, Year 2 primary school children (N = 66). While studies have focused on the relationship between mathematics performance and verbal memory, there are limited studies focussing on visuospatial memory. We tested both visuospatial and verbal working memory and short term memory, as well as non-verbal intelligence. Mathematical performance was measured through the WIAT-II numerical operations, and the word reading subtest was used as a control variable. We used a Lego construction task paradigm based on four task variables found to systematically increase construction task difficulty. The results suggest that Lego construction ability is positively related to mathematics performance, and visuospatial memory fully mediates this relationship. Future work of an intervention study using Lego construction training to develop visuospatial memory, which in turn may improve mathematics performance, is suggested.     

小学数学学习障碍儿童刷新能力的发展性研究

本研究探讨了不同年级数学学习障碍儿童和普通儿童刷新能力的差异.研究选取障碍组与对照组被试共87名,采用活动记忆范式,分别对比了普通组与障碍组以及各年级组之间刷新功能的差异.结果发现:普通儿童在刷新任务中的正确率显著高于数学学习障碍儿童,反应时不存在显著差异;两组被试三次刷新任务的正确率低于一次和两次刷新任务的正确率,反应时不存在显著差异;三个年级的所有儿童的刷新正确率随年级升高呈递增趋势,反应时不存在显著差异.本研究认为,数学学习障碍儿童刷新能力发展迟缓是数学学习障碍产生的原因之一.     

Working memory,cognitive style,and behavioural predictors of GCSE exam success

This study investigates the interplay of working memory, cognitive style, and behaviour. Year 8 (aged 13 years) students (n = 205) at a UK urban secondary school were tested to ascertain predictors of General Certificate of School Education (GCSE) achievement. Assessment included Riding's cognitive style dimensions, working memory capacity, and a profile of school behaviour. A stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that behaviour, working memory, verbal–imagery style by working memory, wholist–analytic style by working memory, and verbal–imagery style by wholist–analytic style predicted GCSE outcome, accounting for 58% of the variance. Generally, poor GCSE grade points were predicted by low behaviour scores, and by low working memory capacity in analytics and verbalisers. The results are discussed in terms of possible interventions that may improve student GCSE performance.     

The Relations Between Children’s Reading Comprehension, Working Memory, Language Skills and Components of Reading Decoding in a Normal Sample

The primary aim of the current study was to identify the strongest independent predictors of reading comprehension using word reading, language and memory variables in a normal sample of 180 children in grades 3–5, with a range of word reading skills. It was hypothesized that orthographic processing, receptive vocabulary and verbal working memory would all make independent contributions to reading comprehension. The contributions of reading speed, receptive grammatical skills, exposure to print, visuospatial working memory and verbal learning and retrieval (a measure of longer-term retention) were also investigated. Working memory tasks that required the processing and storage of numerical and spatial material were used. One of the numerical working memory tasks was based on the number span task developed by Yuill, Oakhill, and Parkin British Journal of Psychology, 1989, 80, 351–361. A visuospatial equivalent of that task was developed from the forward Corsi block task [Corsi, Abstracts International, 1973, 34, 891]. The results revealed that, after controlling for age and general intellectual ability, the word reading and the language variables had a much stronger relation with reading comprehension than the memory variables. The strongest independent predictor of reading comprehension was orthographic processing since it captured variance in both word reading, language skills and verbal working memory. The forward Corsi task and performance on a measure of verbal learning and retrieval each made small independent contributions to reading comprehension but the contribution of verbal working memory was not significant. It was concluded that tasks measuring the interplay between short-term and long-term memory, in which new information is combined with information already stored in long-term memory, may better predict reading comprehension measured with the text available than working memory tasks which only have a short-term memory component.