Prediction of valid acidity in intact apples with Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy

INTRODUCTION Consumers’ acceptance of fresh or processedapples is the ultimate goal of apple breeders, foodscientists and supermarket managers. Internal qualityassessment has focused on two major objectives:removal of fruit with internal defects and taste selec-tion. Three major parameters including sugar content,acidity and firmness have to be taken into account todetermine the internal quality and the taste of an apple.Near infrared spectroscopy has been used to measureseveral properti…     

Application Fourier transform near infrared spectrometer in rapid estimation of soluble solids content of intact citrus fruits

INTRODUCTION Soluble solids content (SSC) is a major charac- teristic used for assessing citrus fruit quality. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used as a rapid and nondestructive technique for determining the soluble solids content of fruit. Kawano et al.(1992) measured sugar content of peaches in the wavelength region of 680~1235 nm. Their experiments indicated good correlation between the NIR spectra and the sugar content (r=0.97, SEP=0.05 °Brix). Slaughter (1995) devel…     

近红外光谱技术分析小麦品质的应用研究

为使近红外光谱技术在山东省小麦品质检测及选育中得到广泛应用,该研究利用国标化学法和近红外光谱分析法分别对20个小麦品种的蛋白质含量、吸水率、湿面筋含量、面团形成时间和面团稳定时间进行了检测,结果表明,这些小麦品质各量的两种分析法的相关系数分别为0.7075、0.9784、0.7805、0.9648和0.9209,表明近红外光谱分析法与国标化学法相关性好、准确性高;上述小麦品质各量的近红外检测值的相对标准偏差分别为0.035、0.006、0.010、0.068和0.030,表明近红外光谱技术对样品的检测一致性好、重复性高.中国农业部谷物品质监督检验测试中心建立的小麦近红外光谱校准曲线适于测试山东小麦的以上5项品质性状.     

近红外光谱分析技术定标模型建立及优化

近红外分析技术得到了越来越广泛的应用,近红外分析技术目前的主要使用限制是定标。介绍了近红外光谱分析定标模型建立的过程,从样品集的选择、光谱的采集,到定标模型的建立和优化进行了详细叙述。     

近红外光谱采集与处理软件系统的设计及实现

针对目前大多数光谱应用软件将仪器控制功能与化学计量学各种算法实现功能分开,且价格昂贵这一现状,设计并开发了一套近红外光谱采集与处理软件,为研究生开放性实验提供了很好的教学平台.该软件包括采集模块和处理模块2个部分,前者采用面向对象编程技术,实现了在各种参数设置下的光谱采集、谱图显示及文件位图管理操作等功能,后者基于化学计量学原理,采用Visual C++与Matlab混合编程技术,实现了光谱预处理、校正模型的建立及未知样品的预测等功能.     

Measurement of sugar content in Fuji apples by FT-NIR spectroscopy

To evaluate the potential of FT-NIR spectroscopy and the influence of the distance between the light source/detection probe and the fruit for measuring the sugar content (SC) of Fuji apples, diffuse reflectance spectra were measured in the spectral range from 12500 to 4000 cm(1 at 0 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm and 6 mm distances. Four calibration models at four distances were established between diffused reflectance spectra and sugar content by partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The correlation coefficients (R) of calibrations ranged from 0.982 to 0.997 with SEC values from 0.138 to 0.453 and the SECV values from 0.74 to 1.58. The best model of original spectra at 0 mm distance yielded high correlation determination of 0.918, a SEC of 0.092, and a SEP of 0.773. The results showed that different light/detection probe-fruit distances influence the apple reflective spectra and SC predictions.     

Measurement of sugar content in Fuji apples by FT-NIR spectroscopy

INTRODUCTION Recently increasing demands from consumerhave been observed for premium quality fruit witbetter taste at a higher price. Three major parameters determine the internal quality and the tastof apples. These are hardness, sugar content antitratable acidity, which are still determined destructively. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) habeen used to nondestructively measure internquality in a wide range of fruits and vegetablesuch as onions (Birth et al., 1985), cantaloupe (…     

数值方法进展:从Fourier变换到Hilbert-Huang变换

论述了从Fourier变换,Gabor变换,小波变换,到Hilbert-Huang变换的理论进展与工程应用,比较了Fourier频谱与HHT边际谱的差异,并对非平稳信号的稳定性度量提出了新的指标。最后,介绍和述评了HHT的研究进展和实际应用。     

基于非标准傅里叶变换光学编码技术的研究

侧重研究了非标准傅里叶变换编码技术在光学图像信息编码中的应用,结合Javidi提出的双随机相位编码原理,将这种加密变换应用到图像编码中,并提出了相应可行的光学实现装置.     

付里叶变换积分性质的运用研究

通过对付里叶变换积分性质的运用研究,指出付里叶变换微分性质运用时容易产生的错误;并提出确定冲激项存在与否的新途径,进而说明付里叶变换积分性质运用的广泛性,尤其对时间有限函数更为突出。     

基于傅里叶变换的回转窑物料休止角信号分析

通过实验方法研究了回转窑物料休止角信号与物料运动状态之间的关系,提出了运用傅里叶变换对休止角信号进行频域分析的方法。以一台与工业回转窑机械结构及传动方式一致的实验回转窑为平台,采用图像处理方法获取了物料休止角。通过傅里叶频谱分析方法发现休止角信号中存在较大干扰信号,对转筒圆心坐标信号的对照分析表明,该干扰信号主要由窑体转轴轴心位置偏移引起。采用高通频域滤波方法将干扰信号滤除,得到了休止角信号随时间的真实变化关系。     

Determination of soluble solid content and acidity of loquats based on FT-NIR spectroscopy

The near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy technique has been applied in many fields because of its advantages of simple preparation,fast response,and non-destructiveness.We investigated the potential of NIR spectroscopy in diffuse reflectance mode for determining the soluble solid content (SSC) and acidity (pH) of intact loquats.Two cultivars of loquats (Dahongpao and Jiajiaozhong) harvested from two orchards (Tangxi and Chun'an,Zhejiang,China) were used for the measurement of NIR spectra between 800 and 2500 nm.A total of 400 loquats (100 samples of each cultivar from each orchard) were used in this study.Relationships between NIR spectra and SSC and acidity of ioquats were evaluated using partial least square (PLS) method.Spectra preprocessing options included the first and second derivatives,multiple scatter correction (MSC),and the standard normal variate (SNV).Three separate spectral windows identified as full NIR (800-2500 nm),short NIR (800～1100 nm),and long NIR (1100～2500 nm) were studied in factorial combination with the preprocessing options.The models gave relatively good predictions of the SSC of loquats,with root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) values of 1.21,1.00,0.965,and 1.16 °Brix for Tangxi-Dahongpao,Tangxi-Jiajiaozhong,Chun'an-Dahongpao,and Chun'an-Jiajiaozhong,respectively.The acidity prediction was not satisfactory,with the RMSEP of 0.382,0.194,0.388,and 0.361 for the above four loquats,respectively.The results indicate that NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy can be used to predict the SSC and acidity of loquat fruit.     

基于Fourier变换的分布参数系统静态检测传感器的部署

针对实际生活或者工程问题中的分布参数系统多个静态检测传感器的部署问题,给出了多元函数Fourier变换、三角网格感知距离、给定区域检测传感器最少数量的三条相关定理。提出了分布参数系统的状态变量的求解方法以及静态检测传感器的部署方案和部署数量的方法。该方法通过求出齐次分布参数系统的状态变量,给出模型参数的先验估计值取定第一个检测传感器部署位置,再根据传感器感知模型三角网格部署方法确定其他检测传感器的部署位置,最后计算出分布参数系统给定区域检测传感器的最少数量。     

基于小波变换的跨膜蛋白跨膜螺旋区段预测

1 Introduction In existing genome databases ,about 20 %-30 %ofgenetic products have been esti mated as encodedmembrane proteins[1]. However , about 30 % of allproteins are membrane proteins inliving cells .The TMproteins play ani mportant role especiallyi…     

聚乙烯甲基弯曲振动二维红外光谱研究

在293K~393K范围内,分别测定聚乙烯甲基弯曲振动模式(δCH 3)的一维红外光谱、二阶导数红外光谱、四阶导数红外光谱和去卷积红外光谱。实验发现:1 455cm-1和1 377cm-1附近的红外吸收峰,分别归属于聚乙烯甲基不对称弯曲振动模式(δas CH 3)和甲基对称弯曲振动模式(δs CH 3)。进一步采用二维红外光谱研究了聚乙烯δCH 3,研究发现:随着测定温度的升高,聚乙烯分子中δCH 3红外吸收强度变化早晚顺序为:1 455cm-1(δas CH 3)早于1 377cm-1(δsCH 3)。此项研究显示出二维红外光谱在高分子材料热变性分析中的重大作用。     

基于Cr金属薄膜的低反射近红外黑膜的制备与光学性能

在光通讯分光器件中,光被分光后,总是存在一部分光无法被利用,成为对系统有害的杂散光,要求被完全吸收,同时要求其不能由于反射沿原光路返回,影响前级元件的性能.这就要求制备一种近红外黑膜,既要完全吸收光波,同时又不存在反射光.在以Cr金属膜为基础,在工作波段1 100～1 650 nm之间,设计了一种低反射近红外吸收膜,并采用离子束辅助蒸发技术在玻璃基底上制备了此黑膜,采用分光光度计测量了其透光率与反射率,透光率达到-32 dB以下,表面反射在1 100～1 650 nm之间小于0.5%.采用3M 600P胶带对薄膜的附着力进行了测试,薄膜附着力良好.实验结果表明该膜系完全达到高吸收和低反射的黑膜使用要求.     

On-site variety discrimination of tomato plant using visible-near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

The use of visible-near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was explored as a tool to discriminate two new tomato plant varieties in China (Zheza205 and Zheza207).In this study,82 top-canopy leaves of Zheza205 and 86 top-canopy leaves of Zheza207 were measured in visible-NIR reflectance mode.Discriminant models were developed using principal component analysis (PCA),discriminant analysis (DA),and discriminant partial least squares (DPLS) regression methods.After outliers detection,the samples were randomly split into two sets,one used as a calibration set (n=82) and the remaining samples as a validation set (n=82).When predicting the variety of the samples in validation set,the classification correctness of the DPLS model after optimizing spectral pretreatment was up to 93%.The DPLS model with raw spectra after multiplicative scatter correction and Savitzky-Golay filter smoothing pretreatments had the best satisfactory calibration and prediction abilities (correlation coefficient of calibration (Rc)=0.920,root mean square errors of calibration=0.196,and root mean square errors of prediction=0.216).The results show that visible-NIR spectroscopy might be a suitable alternative tool to discriminate tomato plant varieties on-site.     

硬脂酸亚甲基C—H伸缩振动红外光谱研究

在293~393K温度范围内,分别采用一维红外光谱和二阶导数红外光谱测定了硬脂酸亚甲基伸缩振动模式νCH2。研究发现:室温下,2 914cm-1和2 848cm-1附近红外吸收谱带分别归属于硬脂酸亚甲基的不对称伸缩振动模式νasCH2和对称伸缩振动模式νsCH2。随着测定温度的升高,硬脂酸νasCH2和νsCH2的红外吸收频率向高频位置移动。进一步采用二维红外光谱研究了温度对于硬脂酸νCH2红外吸收强度变化趋势的影响,此项研究显示出二维红外光谱在生物材料热变性分析中的重大作用。     

Integrated phase unwrapping algorithm for the measurement of 3D shapes by Fourier transform profilometry

An integrated and reliable phase unwrapping algorithm is proposed based on residues and blocking-lines detection, closed contour extraction and quality map ordering for the measurement of 3D shapes by Fourier-transform profilometry （FTP）. The proposed algorithm first detects the residues on the wrapped phase image, applies wavelet analysis to generate the blocking- lines that can just connect the residues of opposite polarity, then carries out the morphology operation to extract the closed contour of the shape, and finally uses the modulation intensity information and the Laplacian of Gaussian operation of the wrapped phase image as the quality map. The unwrapping process is completed from a region of high reliability to that of low reliability and the blocking-lines can prevent the phase error propagation effectively. Furthermore, by using the extracted closed contour to exclude the invalid areas from the phase unwrapping process, the algorithm becomes more efficient. The experiment shows the effectiveness of the new algorithm.     

Rapid quantification of multi-components in alcohol precipitation liquid of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Codonopsis Radix</Emphasis> using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)

A near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) approach was established for quality control of the alcohol precipitation liquid in the manufacture of Codonopsis Radix. By applying NIRS with multivariate analysis, it was possible to build variation into the calibration sample set, and the Plackett-Burman design, Box-Behnken design, and a concentrating-diluting method were used to obtain the sample set covered with sufficient fluctuation of process parameters and extended concentration information. NIR data were calibrated to predict the four quality indicators using partial least squares regression (PLSR). In the four calibration models, the root mean squares errors of prediction (RMSEPs) were 1.22 μg/ml, 10.5 μg/ml, 1.43 μg/ml, and 0.433% for lobetyolin, total flavonoids, pigments, and total solid contents, respectively. The results indicated that multi-components quantification of the alcohol precipitation liquid of Codonopsis Radix could be achieved with an NIRS-based method, which offers a useful tool for real-time release testing (RTRT) of intermediates in the manufacture of Codonopsis Radix.