市场竞争中的两种对策模型

随着经济生活中的各种冲突竞争日益增多，如何分析这些错综复杂现象，对策论作为一种数学工具对此提供了分析框架。本文结合案例，介绍了两种基本模型：二人零和对策和二人非零和对策，并对这些模型的结构、模型解及其实际背景进行了讨论，指出：（１）与零和对策相比，非零和对策更接近于现实的经济生活；（２）对策论对经济竞争冲突结果的求出，从根本上说是一种概率预示；（３）对策论可以激发人们以一种新的方法思考理解经济生活中的竞争冲突现象。     

和─合成模糊对策的模糊稳定集

《和─合成模糊对策的模糊核》［１］建立了和一合成模糊对策模型，并研究了这一模型的模糊核。本文定义了和一合成模糊对策的模糊稳定集，并进一步研究了这种对策的模糊稳定集与子对策模糊稳定集的关系。     

商业银行内部控制问题及对策

从商业银行内部控制的概念如手，探讨了我国商业银行内部控制存在的主要问题，提出了商业银行内部控制对策。     

中小型企业技术创新存在的问题及对策

本文分析了当前我国中小企业技术创新还存在一些不容忽视的问题，针对我国国情提出了促进中小企业技术创新的对策，同时也提出了中小企业自身的创新对策。     

关于提高科技期刊发展力的思考

阐释了科技期刊发展力的概念和内涵，分析了提高科技期刊发展力的现实意义，探讨了科技期刊发展力的主要构成要素，提出了提高科技期刊发展力的对策思路。     

高职实验教学存在的问题与对策

针对目前实验教学的现状，对实验教学改革进行了分析和探讨，提出了几点对策。     

当前网络安全现状与电子图书馆安全对策

当前网络安全问题越来越严重，而其对策也逐渐受到重视。本文从电子图书馆的建设角度出发．讨论了图书馆应对当前网络安全问题的一些对策。     

浅谈影响工程造价的风险因素及其对策

建设项目在实施过程中面临各种工程造价风险，本文从三十方面分析了造成工程造价风险的原因，提出了相应的对策，控制和处理工程造价风险。     

涡阳县农村饮水安全工程建设对策探讨

通过对涡阳县农村饮水安全工程建设现状的分析，指出存在问题，提出了建议和对策。     

运用“三E”对策，提升生产过程中的安全保障能力

建立现代企业安全管理体系是我们提高安全管理水平的努力方向。着重讨论了企业现代安全管理模式中“三E”对策,即管理工程对策、工程技术对策、安全教育对策的原理、方法和应用进行了阐述,“三E”对策的对策的实施对提高科学化、规范化、标准化的安全管理水平,加强生产过程中的安全保障能力,起到了重要的作用,减少了事件（事故）的发生。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

木材构造特征在裸子植物系统学中的意义

本文根据木材构造特征的进化趋势对裸子植物，特别是松杉纲内各目、科的系统位置和等级 进行了探讨。笔者认为：1．南洋杉科可从松杉目中独立出来成立南洋杉目。2．银杏更近于松杉目而与苏铁科有明显区别。3．罗汉松科、三尖杉科和红豆杉科应置于南洋杉科之后，松科之前，三尖杉科与红豆杉科亲缘关系更接近。4．建立金松科是合理的。5．为侧柏从崖柏属中分出成立侧柏属补充了木材方面的证据。6．进一步探讨了松科中一些属的系统位置，并建议松属可区分为三个亚属。7．穗花杉属置于红豆杉科中更为合适。 8. 同意郑万钧在铁杉属内建立长苞铁杉组。合并黄山松和台湾松。     

Optimized frequency-based foundation design for wind turbine towers utilizing soil-structure interaction

This study illustrates design optimization for multiple wind towers located at different villages in Alaska. The towers are supported by two different types of foundations: large mat or deep piles foundations. Initially, a reinforced concrete (RC) mat foundation was proposed. Where soil conditions required it, a pile foundation solution was devised utilizing a 30 in thick RC mat containing an embedded steel grillage of W18 beams and supported by 20-24 in grouted or un-grouted piles. For faster installation and lower construction cost, all-steel foundations were proposed for these remote Alaska sites. The new all-steel design was found to reduce the natural frequencies of the structural system due to softening the foundation. Thus, the tower-foundation system could potentially become near-resonant with the operational frequencies of the wind turbine. Consequently, the likelihood of structural damage or even the collapse is increased.A detailed 3D finite-element model of the tower-foundation-pile system with RC foundation was created using SAP2000. Soil springs were included in the model based on soil properties obtained from the geotechnical investigation. The natural frequency from the model was verified against the tower manufacturer analytical and experimental values. When piles were used, numerous iterations were carried out to eliminate the need for the RC and optimize the design. An optimized design was achieved with enough separation between the natural and operational frequencies. The design successfully avoids damage to the structural system, while eliminating the need for any RC in most cases.     

百分位数指标的修正及评价分析

针对相对影响和百分位数指标的局限,提出修正百分位数指标。从引文量分布特征、同区引文量差异、引文量与发文时长关联性等方面,对相对影响和百分位数指标进行了对比分析。在此基础上,将相对影响和百分位数指标融合并引入时效性参数,构建了修正百分位数指标并以图书情报类核心期刊及高校图书馆作为测评对象进行了案例分析。结果表明,修正百分位数指标可将位于同一百分位区间但发文时长及引文量不同的论文纳入到同一尺度下进行对比评价,测评结果对于引文数量特征和内在规律性的反映更为客观。     

智能化空调系统中采集器模块的设计与实现

在绿色建筑规划中,智能化空调系统通过温控面板,对建筑划分的空间进行温度调节和控制。采集器作为主要连接模块,完成两部分的工作。一是通过Modbus协议与温控面板进行数据交互,完成数据采集和面板控制;二是通过TCP/IP协议与上层服务器通信,完成数据上传,并接受来至PC终端的控制命令数据流。采集器模块搭建在以ARM9为核心的嵌入式平台上,在Linux操作系统上运行,采集器主要程序使用Linux-C语言设计完成。通过现场项目的反馈,该采集器模块运行稳定,实现了设计需求。     

肋柱花属的系统研究

本文对肋柱花属的属下分类、系统发育和地理分布等方面进行了深入研究。文用分支系统学的方法和原理，用计算机PAUP程序处理，获得了几个最简约的支序图。  肋柱花属属于龙胆亚族辐状花冠群，在这群中，论亲缘关系它与辐花属最近，与獐牙菜属次之，而与黄秦艽属关系较远。  獐牙菜属在进化程度上较肋柱花属低，因此它被选为肋柱花属的外类群。 经过支序分析，肋柱花属的18个种根据Hennig的“共近裔性原则”可组合为三个组，其中肉质根茎组为较原始的组，肋柱花组为中级进化水平的组，合萼组是进化程度最高的组。 肋柱花属是北温带分布型的属，分布于亚洲、欧洲及北美洲，直达北极。从种的地理分布型分析，表明秦岭一横断山区是本属的起源与分化中心。 随文报道了一个新组、一个新种和一个新变种。  研究了全部种类的命名模式。     

在互动中发展的教育与文化——教育与文化的关系研究

本研究认为,教育是人类文化的传承与创造活动,文化是教育之根。教育与文化是同源共生、共生共进的互动关系。文化是本质性的,教育是文化的形式是一定人类文化的表现;教育作为文化的形式,会反作用于文化整体,使其体现深刻的文化性格和意义。因此,教育与文化是在互动中发展的。     

Rethinking Universal Service: Citizenship, Consumption Norms, and the Telephone

One of the reasons the proponents of expanded universal service have not made much headway is that they have not been able to provide a coherent justification for the major resource and policy commitments it requires. The lack of consensus on the very meaning of the term "universal service" has added to the confusion. This article argues that it is critically important to articulate a clear justification for universal service before we discuss what it should include and how it should be funded, the two main preoccupations of the current debate. It answers the "why" question by drawing on the literature on consumption norms and citizenship rights and thereby provides a cogent justification for universal service. A clear articulation of the rationale for universal service should reduce some of the confusion in the current debate and bring greater clarity to the ongoing debate on this important public policy issue.     

轮钟花属的恢复及其花粉和种皮证据

光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察表明,金钱豹属(广义)花粉明显分为两个类型:Campanumoea inflata和C.javanica subsp.laponica的花粉5～8沟,外壁具相对密的短刺,刺高不过1μm,而C.lancifolia,C.celebica和C.parviflora的花粉3孔沟,外壁刺稀疏,高于2μm。种子表面纹饰也同样可分为  两类,前两个种一类,其种子表面网状,网眼规则而多角形,直径大于网脊宽度,网脊上的次级纹饰为念  珠状,而后三种为一类,其种子表面网眼不规则,直径与网脊宽度近相等,网脊上的次级纹饰绳索状。可  见花粉特征与种皮性状是高度相关的。后三个种所属的分类群就是被归并了的属Cyclocodon Griffith。  综合花粉、种皮及外部形态,这个属应予恢复。其近缘属应是Platycodon,而不是Campanumoea。