Child care research: a clinical perspective

Two new studies on day care suggest that young children demonstrate increased aggressive behavior in relationship to time spent in day care and increases in cortisol levels in relationship to full-time, group-oriented, out-of-home care. These observations can be more fully understood in a clinical context that looks at individual differences in children, families, and child care environments. Factors likely to increase risk include sensory processing and modulation challenges; family stress; and lack of sensitive, nurturing interactions associated with less high-quality child care. Because 85% to 90% of current day care is not considered to be of high quality, individual families that can provide high-quality care need to explore carefully their options to see if it is possible to provide direct nurturing care for their infants and young children for at least half of the day.     

比较视野下的我国研究生教育学科结构分析

1996年至2006年,我国11个学科门类授予硕士、博士学位数量的比例变化不大,基本上是"存量决定增量";各学科发展过于均衡,未能出现结构性变化,授予的硕士学位与博士学位的学科结构很接近。这种结构雷同表明我国研究生教育没有体现出不同学科专业对于不同层次人才需求的差异性。我国硕士研究生教育应在保证基础性、理论性学科专业基本需求的前提下,大力发展应用型学科专业,培养高层次应用性人才;博士研究生教育则需在稳定规模的基础上,着力优化结构,积极发展博士专业学位教育。     

高校学生纪律处分制度研究——中英比较的视角

学生纪律处分是高等教育法制的重要问题,与学生权利保护及学校管理都具有密切的关系.牛津大学是英国历史最为悠久、枝内立法较为健全的高校,在此以牛津大学为个案,研究英国高等学校学生纪律处分制度.在对其纪律规范的对象和范围、纪律处分的类型和条件以及纪律处分的程序进行分析后,从学生纪律处分的规范对象、学术与非学术行为的区分、校内纪律处分与校外法律责任的竞合以及纪律处分的程序等四个方面与我国的高校学生纪律处分制度进行比较,并据此提出了完善我国高校学生纪律处分制度的若干建议.     

Revisiting emancipatory teacher research: a psychoanalytic perspective

This paper addresses the issue of how human beings construct themselves as subjects and the parameters within which this is achieved. We question models in which idealism shapes the trajectory of identity formation and consider how identity might be seen alternatively as a somewhat awkward amalgam of identifications with diverse discursive domains. The particular focus is on teachers conducting ‘emancipatory’ practitioner research and on how the researcher understands his/her interface with the situation he/she is researching. We survey a range of theoretical models as offered by some leading writers, with particular reference to Jacques Lacan, and consider each in relation to how the teacher researcher might be understood. We provide as an example an account of one teacher researcher examining issues of ethnicity and gender in her secondary school French classes.     

多学科研究与高等教育学学科建设

学科是高等教育研究领域的重要范畴 ,但高等教育学本身却不是一门成熟的学科。在这种情况下 ,高等教育研究面临着学科建设的重任。在整个社会科学界大声疾呼“开放社会科学”、“重建社会科学”的今天 ,高等教育学学科建设的取向至关重要。展望未来 ,将高等教育学建设成为一个真正的多学科研究领域 ,将是高等教育学学科建设走向成熟的第一步     

Gendered childhoods: a cross disciplinary overview

The last three decades have seen the emergence of a new discipline of childhood studies, made up of contributions from sociology, anthropology and cultural studies, challenging previous studies of children based on paradigms from psychology and education. This new discipline has revolutionized the study of children and demanded that they be looked as important subjects in their own right. Tensions remain, however, between studies of gender and those of generation, and the importance of the latter has sometimes been overlooked as researchers concentrate on childhood as an age related experience and not a gendered one. This article looks at how this has come about and the ways in which the study of these two aspects of children’s lives needs to be better integrated.

Children are pygmies among giants, ignorant among the knowledgeable, wordless among the articulate. … And to the adults, children everywhere represent something weak and helpless, in need of protection, supervision, training, models, skills, beliefs, education. (Mead & Wolfenstein, 1955 Mead, M. and Wolfenstein, M. 1955. Childhood in contemporary cultures, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.  [Google Scholar], p. 7)     

The school disciplinary system from the perspective of rule by law

Discipline affects students’ rights and interests greatly. If there is no scientific and efficient system to standardize it, the disciplinary rights of students will be easily abused, which will not only infringe on students’ rights and interests but also give rise to campus disputes. The problems of the disciplinary system in Chinese primary and middle schools are as follows: disciplinary actions lack a legal basis; the disciplinary system is not standardized; disciplinary enforcement infringes on students’ other legal rights; and the mechanism for the supervision of discipline is imperfect. The status and modes of discipline should be made clear in the legislation to make the school disciplinary system detailed and specific, the disciplinary enforcement equitable and reasonable, and the procedure of the disciplinary enforcement justifiable, and also ensure that students’ other legal rights are protected. __________ Translated from Journal of the Chinese Society of Education, 2005 (10)     

Religious education as a research discipline: an activity theoretical perspective

This article raises the question of how to conceive of religious education as a research discipline. The theory of activity systems is used in an analysis of the relationship between theory and practice, the systems of research and the systems of school. The author argues for a dialectical relationship between research and school practice, where understandings of school practice may enable theoretical expansion and where the language used in the field of research may give renewed understanding to the field of practice.     

Child care research: an editorial perspective

The goals of Child Development's new From Another Perspective format are discussed, and an overview of the content of the inaugural From Another Perspective collection on child care effects is provided. The two lead articles suggest, respectively, that long hours in child care are related to children's later behavior problems and that child care may be physiologically challenging for young children. Commentaries focus on the need to examine a range of additional factors before drawing definitive conclusions about cause and effect. Among the issues discussed in the commentaries are the need to account for context, individual differences among children, and methodological challenges. The introductory editorial also overviews policy implications and directions for future research.     

Perceived research environment,motivation, and academic interest in research: a social-cognitive perspective

International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance - Using social-cognitive career theory as a framework, we investigated whether research self-efficacy and outcome expectations mediated...     

Transforming student engagement in COVID-19 remote instruction: a research perspective

This paper was developed in response to the article titled, “A design framework for enhancing engagement in student-centered learning: Own it, learn it, share it,” by Eunbae Lee and Michael J. Hannafin (2016). Their work is examined through a research perspective. The authors’ discovery of the lack of a comprehensive framework to guide the design, development, and implementation of student-centered learning prompted them to develop the model. The result advances a three-stage model known as, Own It, Learn It, and Share It. The impact of the model can be understood through the simplicity of the OLSit model by how it affords educators a clear pathway for transforming instructional planning. Given the many uncertainties associated with the “shift to digital” as a result of COVID-19, the OLSit model is very applicable for action research by teachers, student teachers, and teacher educators. A critique of the model is provided along with suggested applications to extend the OLSit research base.

     

Reading biographical texts: a gateway to historical disciplinary reading

We examined the response of high school students in Israel to biographical texts. Students were exposed to three sub-genres of biographical texts (a literary-biographical text, an autobiographical text and a scientific-biographical text). These texts all differ from the conceptual schema of ordinary school texts. The data were collected from 64 participants from three classes in two different public schools in Israel. The ability of students to apply historical disciplinary reading skills was evaluated for each text, with an emphasis on ‘sourcing’ and ‘corroboration’. The basic premise was that the texts the students are exposed to influence not only their level of knowledge but also their disciplinary concepts and skills.

We contend that it might be that biographical texts, and especially autobiographical and literary-biographical texts, evoked historical reading in students, and strengthened their disciplinary reading abilities.     

Planum temporale asymmetry: In-vivo morphometry affords a new perspective for neuro-behavioral research

High-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging today allows the in vivo quantification of the surface area of the cortex covering the planum temporale and permits assessment of the direction and degree of individual left-right asymmetry of this structure. This methodologic advance is promoting new studies on the biological mechanisms of anatomic and functional lateralization and on the structural accompaniments of disorders such as developmental dyslexia. It is important to stress that studies must agree on the definition and measurement of planum asymmetry, and we review our definition and its justification in the present article.Data obtained from normal subjects supported the assumption that planum (a)symmetry underlies functional lateralization. Thus, familial sinistrality predicted for symmetry of the planum in all eight left-handers studied. The pattern of planum symmetry in the normals was similar to that found in the post mortem studies of dyslexic individuals. Insofar as hand preference and developmental dyslexia are in part genetically transmitted, we suggest that planum symmetry may represent an inherited condition as well. Further-more, even though planum symmetry is part of the anatomic substrate of developmental dyslexia, it is unlikely that it represents a form of developmental anatomic pathology.     

行政法视角下的行业协会惩戒权分析

我国行业协会分成了官办协会和民办协会,两种性质的协会,而目前行业协会接受法律法规的授权没有章程,容易使得行会扩张自己的权利。对于行业协会的惩戒权应该根据法律法规授权,避免笼统授权的做法。     

Citizenship as a learning process: disciplinary citizenship versus cultural citizenship

A relatively neglected dimension of citizenship is learning processes. A theory of learning is outlined, distinguishing between individual learning processes and collective ones. Linking learning to citizenship suggests a model of cultural citizenship, which entails mechanisms of translation whereby the different levels of learning are connected. In this article, the idea of cultural citizenship is conceived of in terms of learning processes and is defended against what will be called disciplinary citizenship in which learning is reduced to citizenship classes and formal membership of the polity.     

结合学科建设和科学研究构建创新人才培养体系

学科是研究型大学凝聚人才、开展科学研究和培养创新人才的核心载体。在10余年的教改实践中,航海学院着力抓学科建设,促进师资、精品课程、教材、科技创新平台和基地等要素同步提高;促进学科建设、科学研究相结合,构建创新人才培养体系。     

Scientific research in education: A critical perspective1

This article reviews the debate in the USA about quality in educational research which has underpinned particular approaches to educational research being mandated in federal legislation. It argues that the movement towards ‘evidence‐based policy and practice’ oversimplifies complex problems and is being used to warrant governmental incursion into legislating scientific method. It calls for critical readings of current policy and direct engagement in policy forums—putting critical theory to work.     

略论高等教育学科群研究的意义及其演进

高等教育学分支学科发展迅速,研究成果丰富,学科群已初见雏形。高等教育学科群的生成依赖于高等教育实体结构和高等教育学内部子学科的分化和综合。笔者采用高等教育学科场域模型分析了高等教育学学科群的演进。高等教育学科群的厘清有利于进一步明确高等教育学的学科地位和学科属性,也有利于高等教育学科体系的发展。     

校本教育科研的指导观

从调动教师的热情,帮助教师寻找教育理论与教育实践的结合点,提高教师自主研究意识、挖掘教师的研究潜能,准确认识教师进行研究的不平衡性及对不同教师的分层指导四方面论述学校管理者应有的校本教育科研指导观。