反思性教学:外语教师专业发展的必由之路

反思性教学是近年来在教学实践领域兴起的一种教学思潮。因其具有将“学会教学”与“学会学习”结合起来的实践合理性而受到教育界的广泛关注。本文阐述了反思性教学的内涵以及反思性教学对教师专业发展的意义与作用,分析了在外语教学中运用反思性教学,将有利于促进外语教师的专业发展。最后,介绍了在外语教学中开展反思性教学的几种途径和方法以及外语反思性教学实践的基本环节。     

Sources of self-efficacy of Vietnamese EFL teachers: A qualitative study

This article reports on a qualitative study investigating Vietnamese EFL teachers' perceptions of sources of self-efficacy information. Findings suggested that four sources of efficacy information appeared to influence teachers' sense of self-efficacy. Contrary to widespread belief, mastery experiences were not the most influential source of efficacy information. Rather, social persuasion was. Study teachers reported various vicarious experiences and physiological/affective states as supplementary self-efficacy sources, including cognitive mastery experiences, which were deemed more powerful than enactive mastery experiences. The study highlights a range of Vietnamese cultural and contextual factors that influenced the way the teachers selected, weighed and interpreted efficacy information.     

Teachers’ role and attitudes concerning ADHD medication: A qualitative analysis

The increased use of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) medication by children has led to growing concerns. In a previous study, we found that many of the teachers that were interviewed about ADHD spontaneously associated ADHD with medication. The present study is a qualitative reanalysis of what precisely these 30 primary school teachers had spontaneously said about medication in our previous semi‐structured interviews on ADHD. Almost all respondents had experience with pupils taking ADHD medication. The majority of spontaneously mentions medication as the treatment of ADHD. Attitudes towards ADHD medication use by pupils are mainly ambivalent, but more positive than negative effects of medication are reported. However, what teachers say about ADHD medication is often not based on sound information; their attitudes tend to be formed by personal experiences rather than founded on professional and scientific sources. We conclude from our analysis that it will be in the interest of reducing the number of children on ADHD medication that teachers have good access to verified and up‐to‐date information on ADHD and medication so that they are better supported in making evidence‐based pedagogical judgments.     

The international status of English for intercultural understanding in Taiwan's high school EFL textbooks

The purpose of this study is to evaluate linguistic and cultural issues around the status of English as a lingua franca and intercultural understanding as presented in one set of Taiwan's (English as a Foreign Language (EFL) high school textbooks. The methodology centres on the analysis of textbook content as categorized in three central themes: (1) the status of English language in international communicative settings; (2) intercultural/interpersonal understanding and diversity in English language texts; and (3) the linguistic and cultural effects of globalization on Taiwan and the world. Results found that the textbooks generally legitimate the hegemony of American English and British English as the only acceptable varieties or standard forms of the language. Furthermore, most of the texts are limited to specific aspects of societal issues and regions that represent influential cultures and their commercial commodities. The United States receives the most attention, followed by the United Kingdom and certain dominant Western European nations, where the image of ethnic and cultural homogeneity prevails in the texts. Most content focuses on reporting achievements, cultural practices, and perspectives of dominant groups in the United States, Great Britain, and Europe with little or no critical analysis of content.     

美国中小学教师专业化初探

美国是世界上最早提出教师专业化这一概念的国家。教师职业的专业化体现在五个方面：一是未来的教师必须在高等院校接受严格的专业培训；二是教师的专业发展必须伴随着整个从业过程；三是教师在教育行业中具有很高的权威性；四是教师的经济报酬比较高；五是每一位教师都持有社会公认的资格证书。     

小学教师"三二分段"培养模式研究

本文探索"三二分段"小学教师培养模式,即通过综合化的课程设置,转变学生的学习方式,突出学生实践能力的训练,努力培养适应我国基础教育改革的专业化的小学教育新师资.     

地方高校青年英语教师专业发展需求调查

通过对福建省四所高校的青年英语教师对其专业发展需求的问卷调查与访谈,分析数据显示：高校青年英语教师队伍中三分之一是本科学历,一半以上是助教职称,三分之二在超工作量地授课,所有青年教师都关注专业发展,但半数教师对发展现状不满意。高校青年英语教师的专业发展需求和提高途径应引起学校管理者、专业研究者及关心教育发展人士的足够关注和重视。     

Toward an understanding of EFL teacher culture: an ethnographic study in China

Informed by an ethnographic approach, this study aims to investigate the professional culture of a group of English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers in a high school in China. Relying on data gathered through extended field observation and in-depth interviews, this study seeks to uncover the distinctive characteristics of EFL teacher culture as well as its underlying influencing factors. The research findings show that the participants formed a positive work culture which evolved in tensions. Professionally, the participants’ aspirations and commitments toward teaching were in tension with limited resources; institutionally, a democratic relationship was in tension with an authoritative leadership; emotionally, the teachers’ emotional wellbeing was in tension with contextual constraints. The participants’ co-constructed culture played a positive role in promoting their collaborative learning and continuing development, which in turn contributed to their teacher culture.     

Comparing Teachers’ Job Satisfaction across Countries: A Multiple‐Pairwise Measurement Invariance Approach

There is much interest in comparing latent traits, such as teacher job satisfaction, in large international surveys. However, different countries respond to questionnaires in different languages and interpret the questions through different cultural lenses, raising doubts about the psychometric equivalence of the measurements. Making valid comparisons depends on the latent traits displaying scalar measurement invariance. Unfortunately, this condition is rarely met across many countries at once. Different approaches that maximize the utility of such surveys, but remain faithful to the principles of measurement invariance testing, are therefore needed. This article illustrates one such approach, involving multiple‐pairwise comparisons. This enables us to compare teacher job satisfaction in England to 17 of the countries that participated in TALIS 2013. Teacher job satisfaction in England was as low, or lower, than all of the 17 comparable countries.     

中学骨干教师与普通教师心理健康状况的比较研究

采用SCL-90临床症状自评量表对随机抽取的257名中学省级骨干教师和661名中学普通教师进行测试,结果表明:中学骨干教师各因子得分显著低于全国成人常模,中学普通教师各因子得分显著高于全国成人常模;中学骨干教师的心理健康水平显著高于普通教师,其心理问题检出率为7.0%,普通教师为43.1%,且普通教师各因子得分都极显著高于骨干教师;不同年龄段的骨干教师心理健康水平差异不显著,普通教师差异显著,30岁以下的心理健康状况最好,30-40岁年龄段的心理健康问题较多,其主要心理问题是躯体化、抑郁、精神病性等;毕业班与非毕业班的骨干教师心理健康水平差异不显著,而毕业班的普通教师心理健康水平显著低于非毕业班的普通教师,主要体现在躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、焦虑、敌对、恐怖和偏执7个因子上。提示:中学普通教师、30-40岁年龄段的教师及毕业班的教师的心理健康状况更应引起关注。     

Teachers’ sense-making about comprehensive school reform: The influence of emotions

The paper examines teachers’ emotions in the process of making sense of educational reforms. We draw upon concepts from sociological theory and education to inform our framework for understanding how emotions, as a social construct, directly and indirectly, influence teachers’ understandings. Using qualitative data gathered in a study of comprehensive school reform (CSR), we explain how teachers make sense of reforms within their school and classroom contexts and the emotions that arise in the process. Findings show that as teachers made sense of reforms at the school level, they attached little emotion to them; whereas, making sense of the reforms vis-à-vis their own classroom practice appeared to be a more emotional process for teachers. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.     

A Turkish profile of prospective elementary school teachers and their views of teaching

This study explores the characteristics and perceptions of those currently entering elementary teacher education in Turkey. A questionnaire consisting of fixed-response, Likert-style and open-ended questions was administered to all entry level elementary teacher education students (n=381) enrolled in the Faculty of Education of Selcuk University during the 2001–2002 academic year to seek information about their background characteristics, past and preferred elementary schooling experiences, reasons for choosing elementary teaching as a career, and perceptions of elementary teaching as a profession. Results indicate that significant differences exist between male and female prospective elementary teachers’ preconceptions of the teaching profession. Implications for preservice teacher education and further research are discussed.     

教师情感智力现状调查及对策研究——以六安地区小学教师为例

教师的情感智力是指教师监控自己及他人的情绪和情感,并识别、利用这些信息指导自己的思想和行为的能力。通过问卷调查发现教师情感智力水平居中,城镇教师和农村教师在情绪调控能力方面有差异,文科教师理科教师在情感智力水平上有差异,学历为专科水平和教师学历为本科的教师在情感智力水平上有差异,教龄在5年以下和教龄在15年以上的教师在人际关系处理方面显著高于教龄在5年到15年的教师。在调查的基础上提出了改变教师培养模式、提高教师待遇、满足教师各种需要等提高教师情感智力的有效对策。     

论高中化学教师教学反思能力的提升

教学反思能力是新时期高中教师的必备能力.建议通过以下方式提升高中化学教师的教学反思能力:变革培训方式,增强化学培训的学科针对性;增强教师对问题的敏感意识,提升教师捕捉关键问题的能力;做好文本叙事,促进教师对教学实践的深度反思;开展课例研修,以集体反思帮助教师改进教学行为.     

职业院校"双师型"教师内涵新解

职业院校“双师型”教师已经成为一种意义符号。在综合已有的认识基础上,赋予它“双层次”的新内涵,即能力层次上的“经师 技师”,素质层次上的“人师 事师”。其专业化要求为师授能力渊博化、师范水平精湛化、师德修养境界化、师导定位专业化。     

Setting or mixed ability? Teachers’ views of the organisation of pupils for learning

This paper examines how staff in schools formulate decisions about pupil organisation. A small sample of primary and secondary schools from across Scotland was involved in the study.
In 1996 Her Majesty's Inspectors published a report entitled Achievement for All (SOEID, 1996) which, it was envisaged, would form the basis of school evaluations into the effectiveness of classroom organisation. This report, and in particular the six principles on which it suggested effective organisational arrangements should rest, formed the organising framework for the study.
The study had three main aims:

• 1. 

  to ascertain the extent to which the principles outlined in the HMI report had been used by school staff when making decisions about which form of organisation to use

       
  
  

A Study of the EFL Writing of Chinese Learners: A Critical Narrative

Writing is often a massive challenge for the learners who study English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Many EFL practitioners are searching for solutions to help learners improve the level of their writing. In this auto-ethnographic study, two narratives are discussed. In the first narrative, the primary challenges of EFL writing encountered by a cohort of Chinese international students studying in Australia are narrated and then examined from the perspective of a Chinese EFL researcher. In the second narrative, the author’s personal experiences of EFL writing are recounted, with a focus on dialogical awareness and identity construction of an EFL writer. The interactive relationship for EFL learners between English learning and identity construction is discussed. In conclusion, the author reflects upon a dialogic model of EFL teaching and learning in the Chinese cultural context and calls for the setting up of interactive contact zones to help the identity construction of Chinese learners in their EFL writing practices as well as in EFL teaching and learning.     

Teachers’ strategies of teaching primary school mathematics in a second language: A case of Botswana

This paper reports the results of a study of primary school mathematics teaching in northern Botswana in order to highlight the strategies teachers use in bi/multilingual classrooms. Questionnaire and interview data collection procedures were used. The findings, which are based on responses of randomly selected primary school teachers, confirmed that monolingual classes were fewer than bilingual and multilingual classes in those parts of Botswana. Furthermore, syllabus analysis confirmed the abstract nature of mathematical concepts. Teachers report to have devised strategies to overcome the difficulties imposed by this classroom situation.     

An investigation into the effectiveness of collaboration between Greek secondary EFL teachers and specialist providers for dyslexia issues

This paper investigates the collaboration of Greek secondary school teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) with psychologists and advisers for dyslexia issues. Data were collected through audio recorded observations and interviews with head teachers and teachers. Taking a Vygotskian approach to learning, activity theory is applied to analyse the contradictions that emerge around the collaboration of teachers and head teachers with specialist provision for dyslexia issues from data in interviews and field notes across two schools. The analysis shows that contradictions are created when the participants try to achieve their goals for dyslexia support by the absence of ‘what’ artefacts – such as knowledge on dyslexia – and ‘how’ artefacts – processes and procedures such as collaboration with a counsellor – to support the collaboration of EFL teachers with EFL and special educational needs advisers and psychologists, the lack of staff at diagnostic centres and lack of funding for training. This finding indicates that the collaboration between psychologists, advisers and teachers to exchange information on pedagogy needs to be established through meetings and in‐service training of teachers.