Effect of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on blood glucose, lipid profile and cytokines in humans: A pilot study

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on blood glucose, lipid profile and cytokines in humans. Twenty adult healthy subjects were supplemented with 1g/day fish oil concentrate capsules for 2 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and again after 2 week intervention. Fish oil supplementation significantly lowered fasting serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein (P < 0.01). Also high density lipoprotein increased significantly compared with baseline value (P < 0.01). Fish oil did not significantly altere the fasting blood glucose concentration but significantly reduced the serum cytokines (P < 0.001). This study demonstrated that eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation altered serum lipids, lipoprotein and cytokine concentrations in normal human subjects even at the small dose of 660 mg of EPA plus DHA per day. It appears that EPA plus DHA can be a safe and perhaps beneficial supplement to inflammatory diseases.     

钒对遗传性Ⅱ型糖尿病ＫＫ小鼠降糖作用的实验研究

以遗传性非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病ＫＫ小鼠为动物模型,研究钒对雌雄性糖尿病小鼠的降糖作用．实验选择３周龄的ＫＫ小鼠,雌雄各半,通过自由饮水方式给予雌雄性小鼠０ｍｇ/Ｌ、０.１ｍｇ/Ｌ和１００ｍｇ/Ｌ的钒酸铵,实验周期为１７周,观察不同剂量钒酸铵对血糖、甘油三酯和总胆固醇代谢的影响．研究结果表明,０１ｍｇ?Ｌ钒酸铵对雌雄性小鼠的血糖水平和血液生化指标没有明显的影响,高剂量钒酸铵（１００ｍｇ?Ｌ）明显降低雄性糖尿病小鼠的饮水量、血糖水平、糖基化血红蛋白、甘油三酯和总胆固醇等,葡萄糖耐量水平得到显著改善,对糖尿病小鼠的肝肾功能没有影响．结果提示钒酸铵对雌性小鼠和雄性小鼠具有降血糖作用,其作用效果有明显的性别差异．     

Paired values of serum fructosamine and blood glucose for the screening of gestational diabetes mellitus: A retrospective study of 165 Saudi pregnant women

This study reports the utilization of serum fructosamine and blood glucose for the screening of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Blood samples from 165 pregnant women were analyzed for fasting blood glucose (FBG), random blood glucose (RBG) and serum fructosamine. The actual fructosamine levels were corrected for serum protein (c-Fruct) for more precise presentation. Two cut-off values of FBG (>5.3 mmol/L and >7.0 mmol/L) and RBG (>7.8 mmol/L and >11.0 mmol/L) were used to classify hyperglycemic subjects for subsequent evaluation. The average values±standard deviations for FBG, RBG and cFruct were 5.865±1.95, 7.767±3.21 and 2.387±0.47 mmol/L, respectively. FBG levels were significantly correlated with RBG (Pearson correlation=0.597, P<0.001). Significant correlations were also observed between cFruct and FBG (Pearson correlation=0.673, P<0.001) or RBG (Pearson correlation=0.641, P<0.001). Out of 165 subjects, 24 (14.5%) cases were classified as hyperglycemic on the basis of FBG>7.0 mmol/L or RBG>11.0 mmol/L; use of lower cut-off values resulted higher frequencies of hyperglycemia. Whereas, a combined criteria of FBG>5.3 mmol/L and cFruct >2.5 mmol/L predicted 35 patients as the most probable hyperglycemic as compared to 32 patients identified using the criteria of RBG >7.8 mmol/L and cFruct >2.5 mmol/L. These criteria were associated with 4.8% and 3.6% false-positivity at the expense of 3.6% and 3.0% false-negative outcomes, respectively. The levels of FBG, RBG and cFruct were significantly higher in hyperglycemic groups (irrespective of grouping criteria) as compared to the respective normal groups. In conclusion, these findings clearly indicate that the paired values of cFruct with FBG or RBG could help in filtering high-risk individuals for OGTT and therefore avoiding a unnecessary OGTT.     

Influence of pranayamas and yoga-asanas on serum insulin,blood glucose and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes

A distinguishable feature of type 2 diabetes besides hyperglycemia and deranged lipid profile is an impaired insulin secretion, peripheral insulin resistance and obesity which has become a major health concern worldwide. India with an estimated 31million diabetics in 2000 and 79mllions by the yr 2030 has the highest number of type 2 diabetics in the world. In this study, we aimed to see if yoga-asanas and pranayamas have any influence in modifying certain biochemical parameters. Sixty patients of uncomplicated type 2 diabetes (age 35–60 yrs of 1–10 yrs duration) were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=30): performed yoga along with the conventional hypoglycemic medicines and group 2 (n=30): patients who only received conventional medicines. Duration of the study was 45 days. Basal recordings of blood glucose (fasting and post-prandial), lipid profile and serum insulin were taken at the time of recruitment and the second reading after forty five days. Results showed a significant improvement in all the biochemical parameters in group 1 while group 2 showed significant improvement in only few parameters, thus suggesting a beneficial effect of yoga regimen on these parameters in diabetic patients.     

英语口语课堂上教师的多重角色分析

英语口语课程的设置旨在改善学生的英语交际能力,教师在英语口语课堂中发挥着重要作用,扮演着＂编剧＂、＂导演＂以及＂演员＂等多重角色,本文主要分析教师在＂教师为主导、学生为主体＂教学理念的指导下,熟练适应多重角色的转换,不断提高英语口语课堂的教学效果。     

Studies on a new antitubercular drug, trifluoperazine: Its effect in combination with conventional antitubercular drugs in tubercular lymphadenitis

After demonstrating that trifluoperazine (TFP) possesses invitro antitubercular activity against drug (single and multidrug) resistantMycobacterium tuberculosis, we initiated preliminary clinical studies in a few patients of tubercular lymphadenitis. Effect of TFP was assessed by testing the antitubercular activity of the serum of patients receiving TFP in addition to regular therapy. Patients were divided into two groups of 30 each. For ethical considerations, patients of both groups were treated initially for one month with antitubercular therapy (ATT) consisting of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide and TFP was tried for 15 days only. Patients of group1 were given a single dose of TFP (5mg/day) daily from days 31 to 45 in addition to ATT, while those in group 2 received ATT only. Assessment of the antitubercular activity of the serum (testedin vitro in Youmans and Karlson’s liquid medium) revealed that the serum of patients (collected on 45th day) of group1 (ATT+TFP treated) possessed much higher antitubercular activity than that of group 2 (ATT only treated) patients. Clinical examination indicated that overall improvement was seen much earlier in group1 (ATT+TFP) patients than in group 2 (ATT alone) patients. At the end of the follow up period of 6 months with ATT from 46th day onwards to both groups, there were no side effects due to TFP. Hematology and liver function tests were normal in both the groups. We suggest that TFP has good potential and therefore deserves further studies either in combination with other drugs of ATT or as one of the drugs of ATT, for the treatment of tuberculosis due to MDR strains to find a suitable effective dose without side effects.     

健康体适能教育理念引入普通高校大学生健美操选项课的实验研究

通过文献资料法总结健康体适能教育理念的理论精髓,并运用于普通高校大学生健美操选项课的教学,通过实验组和对照组实验前后在体育锻炼行为习惯、健康体适能各项指标、健美操运动技能等方面的对比研究,得出健康体适能在健美操教学中的运用是可行的。这种教学理念不仅能够提高学生的健康体适能水平,使之更具有健美操学习的适应能力,而且还能促进终身体育意识及体育锻炼行为习惯的养成。     

Effect of vitamin E on protein bound carbhohydrate complexes in radiation treated oral squamous cell carcinoma patients

Serum glycoproteins were evaluated in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy and also the effect of vitamin E was studied. Cell surface glycoconjugates are important parameters in the detection of malignancy. Thus, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin E on glycoproteins in oral cavity cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. The study includes 26 age and sex matched normal healthy individuals and 26 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity. These patients were divided into two groups, one for radiotherapy alone (at a dosage of 6000 cGy in five fractions per week for a period of six weeks) and the other for radiotherapy plus vitamin E supplementation (at a dosage of 400 IU / day of vitamin E) for the entire period of radiotherapy. Levels of hexose, hexosamine, fucose and sialic acid were increased in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and a significant decrease was observed in radiation treated patients when compared to control. The levels of glycoconjugates were significantly decreased in radiation treated patients supplemented with vitamin E. This measurement may be useful in assessing disease progression and identifying patients resistant to therapy and a possible role of vitamin E on reduction in glycoconjugate levels of radiation treated oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.     

Influence of aerobic treadmill exercise on blood glucose homeostasis in noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients

The role of treadmill exercise on blood glucose homeostasis in noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were studied using males between age of 45 and 60 years (X-52), who were clinically and biochemically-confirmed cases of NIDDM were taken into study group. Control group comprised of 10 males between age group of 45 to 60 (X-53) years. All the subjects were assessed by physician and were investigated to confirm diabetic status. The whole study period was extended for 6 weeks. The significant decrease in postprandial blood sugar (44.4 mg% for the study group and 32.2mg% for the control group) with a significant inter group difference (P<0.05) was observed. The mean decrease in fasting blood sugar (39.4mg% for the study group and 27.4mg% for the control group), with a marginal inter group difference (P<0.05) was observed. The treadmill exercise was found to be a definite tool in addition to drug and diet in glycemic control.     

Effect of irbesartan on streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy: An interventionary study

Effect of irbesartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, was studied in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic nephropathy. Polyuria, proteinuria, blood urea, creatinine clearance, and urinary electrolytes were determined to assess kidney damage. There was a significant increase in urine volume, urinary protein and blood urea in STZ induced diabetic rats. On the other hand, irbesartan treatment resulted in a significant reduction in urinary protein and blood urea in these rats. Irbesartan treatment also improved creatinine clearance and exhibited a natriuretic effect in these animals. Results suggest that irbesartan treatment ameliorate STZ induced diabetic nephropathic changes, in rats.     

Effect of Sodium Chloride on Efficiency of Cisplatinum Dissolved in Dimethyl Sulfoxide: An In Vitro Study

Cisplatinum (Cispt) is an anti-cancer drug with a low level of solubility. One of Cispt’s solvents is dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) which can be substituted with chlorine of drug as Cispt’s solvent. Applying such a solvent in biological studies is impossible due to intense reduction in activity. On the other hand, it is specified that Cispt’s stability is increased in aqueous media by increasing sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration up to 0.9 %. Consequently, we intended to study the effect of DMSO on cytotoxicity of Cispt in presence of sodium. MTT assay was employed to study cytotoxicity effect of Cispt + NaCl + DMSO and Cispt + DMSO on G-292 cell line. Cytotoxicity in dilutions of 300 and 9 (p < 0.01) of Cispt in Cispt + NaCl + DMSO formulation was equal to 78 and 7 %. These values were estimated 79 and 18 % for Cispt + DMSO formulation and 79 and 24 % for free drug. IC50 values demonstrated reduction of 45 % in cytotoxicity of Cispt in Cispt + DMSO formulation. Studying chemical structure of Cispt and Cispt dissolved in DMSO showed that NaCl cannot inhibit inactivating effect of DMSO on Cispt and effect of this solvent on Cispt is independent from presence of NaCl. Results represented that using NaCl does not result in stability and keeping cytotoxicity properties of Cispt in DMSO. Findings suggest more studies for using DMSO as a solvent of Cispt.     

科技活动中外部筹资对研发产出的影响——基于高技术产业面板数据的实证分析

基于文献研究,构建了一个R&D投入产出的计量模型,并利用高技术产业1996--2007年间五大产业的面板数据,对科技活动中外部筹资(包括政府资金和金融机构贷款)对研发产出的影响进行了实证分析.考察了在不同金融机构贷款依存率情况下.政府资金和金融机构贷款投入对研发产出的影响.结果表明:政府资金投入对企业研发产出有明显的促进作用.金融机构贷款投入对企业研发产出的影响因金融机构贷款依存率的不同而变化.其中在金融机构贷款依存率大于10%时,金融机构贷款投入可以显著促进研发产出,而在金融机构贷款依存率小于10%时,金融机构贷款投入会对研发产出产生显著负作用.     

地方政府投资对区域技术创新的影响效应研究——基于门槛回归模型的实证分析

探究地方政府投资对区域技术创新的影响效应,在阐述地方政府投资对区域技术创新作用机理的基础上,采用2005—2019年我国30个省份的面板数据构建固定效应模型进行有效性检验,同时构建面板门槛模型进行异质性分析。结果显示：（1）地方政府投资能够显著提升地区的技术创新水平;（2）地方政府投资对地区技术创新水平的影响存在双重门槛效应,其中,当地方政府投资作为门槛变量时,门槛值分别是0.010和0.109;当开放水平作为门槛变量时,门槛值分别是0.186和0.852。得到政策启示如下：政府应继续在基础设施领域以及创新性项目方面加大投资,但投资水平应保持在合理范围内,此外应适当引资充分发挥外资的示范效应。     

同级评价对个体创新意愿影响的实验研究

采用两因素组间实验设计与情境法,设计四种模式的同级评价情境,探讨同级评价模式对员工个体创新意愿的影响。方差分析的结果表明:同级评价导向和评价性质的交互作用显著,当同级依据结果进行评价时,负面评价比正面评价更有助于激发个体创新;当同级给予正面评价时,过程导向的评价比结果导向的评价更有助于激发个体创新努力。     

中国制造业企业出口的技术创新效应——基于倾向得分匹配估计的实证研究

基于世界银行对中国12400家企业的调查数据,本文采用倾向得分匹配估计方法,考察了出口贸易对企业技术创新投入的影响.研究结果显示,出口决策从总体而言显著促进了出口企业的研发投入,但这一促进作用主要存在于低出口密度企业,高出口密度企业的出口对其研发投入并无显著作用.以上结论说明中国在实施对外开放的同时,应注重调整导致部分企业高度依赖出口的深层次制度根源.     

创业导向对企业绩效影响的实证研究——环境动态性的调节作用

基于资源基础观提出并检验了创业导向3个维度与绩效间的关系;结合权变理论和中国转型经济的特点,验证了环境动态性的调节作用;利用141家技术密集型上市公司数据,采用层次回归检验研究假设。结果表明:创业导向的3个维度均对组织绩效有显著的促进作用;超前行动对绩效的作用、风险承担对绩效的作用在动态环境下得到加强。     

社会网络嵌入视角下的虚拟团队知识共享影响模型及实证研究

从引入社会网络嵌入理论,分别从结构维度、关系维度以及认知维度三个方面探讨其对虚拟团队知识共享的影响,并从虚拟团队组织的独特性出发,分析了社会网络嵌入各维度的前置因素,以此作为基础,构建了本研究的初始假设模型。     

环境知识与农户亲环境行为——基于环境能力中介作用与社会规范调节效应的分析

在将环境知识分为系统知识、行动知识和效用知识的基础上,利用秦巴山区498户茶农的调查数据,运用Bootstrap方法探讨社会规范情境下环境知识、环境能力对农户亲环境行为的影响.研究发现:社会规范在系统知识影响农户减少污染行为过程中,以及在行动知识影响农户减少污染行为和改善环境行为过程中具有显著的正向调节效应;环境能力在行动知识影响农户减少污染行为和改善环境行为的过程中发挥正向中介作用;社会规范在行动知识通过环境能力影响农户减少污染行为和改善环境行为过程中的调节效应为正.由此提出政府应全面提高农户的环境知识和环境技能,并塑造亲环境的社会规范.     

金融减贫的门槛效应及其实证检验——基于中国西部省际面板数据的研究

本文在金融发展与贫困减缓理论分析基础上,基于1978-2010年中国西部12省(市、自治区)的面板数据,从金融发展的规模、结构和效率三个方面,对金融减贫的门槛效应进行实证检验.结果表明:金融发展对贫困减缓表现出明显的门槛特征,当人均收入处于低水平均衡时,金融发展对贫困减缓具有隐性累积效应;当人均收入跳越“贫困陷阱”时,金融发展对贫困减缓具有显性加速效应;当人均收入处于高水平均衡时,金融发展对贫困减缓具有隐性减速效应.对外贸易、城市化、公共服务、西部大开发政策的实施和经济发展水平按照影响程度从大到小对贫困减缓有显著正向影响.最后,本文从金融发展视角和非金融发展视角提出相关政策建议.