European Scientific Cooperation and Research Infrastructures: Past Tendencies and Future Prospects

Since the 1960s, Europe has developed adiversified network of agencies and institutesin parallel with the political dynamics of theTreaty of Rome (1957). Recently, the EuropeanCommission has launched a debate about thefuture of European R&D policy. This has, inturn, highlighted the importance of researchinfrastructures in European science. Thispaper discusses the achievements of Europe'smultilateral approach in this domain, andsuggests guidelines for future policy.     

Scientific productivity and international integration of small countries: Mathematics in Denmark and Israel

Conclusion I began with the hypothesis that the scientific productivity of a small country is promoted by the integration of research activities into the international scientific community. Integration occurs both individually and institutionally. The integration of individual research workers into the informal international movement of knowledge about problems, techniques and sharing in a particular branch of science, stimulates them and offers them a better chance of recognition by competent peers for their contributions to science. It thereby strengthens their incentive to exert themselves to the utmost in research. Institutional integration as the modelling of institutional arrangements in the small country on foreign academic organisation also increases productivity. In these ways, small countries can avoid being shunted to the periphery of world science.     

European cultural statistics in a comparative perspective: index of economic and social condition of culture for the EU countries

In the article, we present the construction of an index of economic and social condition of culture using datasets of Eurostat’s Cultural Statistics Pocketbooks from 2007 and 2011 and Eurostat’s COFOG data. The datasets allow us a broad perspective over a set of more than 200 variables in 12 domains for the EU-27 member states. Using high-dimensionally adjusted factor analysis (Metropolis–Hastings Robbins–Monro algorithm), we construct an index and determine a set of its several dimensions (as seen from the cultural statistics viewpoint). Using cluster analysis, we determine the general similarities and differences among the analysed countries and show several broadly different groupings that roughly, but not exclusively follow the divide speculated in some previous studies. The analysis therefore brings a novel and statistically developed tool to empirically follow the changes in the economic and social condition of culture from the viewpoint of cultural statistics, while the clustering of models has important consequences for empirical cultural policy and has to be verified in future studies.     

科技创新与创新文化

科学的本质在于探索客观世界的结构、相互作用和运动变化的规律,在于发现新的现象、新的物种,创建新的理论和学说;技术的本质在于创造新的工具、工艺与方法,用以改造客观世界,实现人类自身确定的目标。 科学技术是人类创造性劳动的结晶,它改变了整个世界,也改变着人类自身和人类社会的文明进程。     

鸟篆与东周南方文化

鸟篆作为东周时期流行于楚、吴、越、蔡、曾、宋、徐等国的一种艺术字体,标示着汉字发展史上的一种特殊现象.留存至今的264个不重复鸟篆,或是形体蜿蜒细长,通过改变原字线条粗细以及笔道方向来美化汉字;或是在常用字形体上附加或融合以鸟形为主的装饰成分,它们呈现出与同时期北方艺术字体不同的特点.鸟篆出现于春秋中期,盛行于春秋、战国之际,到战国末期渐趋稀少.鸟篆的兴衰与东周由统一走向分裂的总趋势、周代尚文之风、青铜文化的发展等因素密不可分.现存资料表明铭鸟篆文器物首见于楚国,正是楚国的文化、历史、风俗等等因素导致该种字体的产生.随后受楚文化影响的其他南方诸国也出现鸟篆,越国铭鸟篆器物数量最多,从一个侧面反映了商周鸟图腾崇拜的遗风,也体现了鸟篆的地域文化特点.     

欧澳景区"零收费"

五年来,我走过欧、亚、澳20多个国家,觉得他们的旅游业注重社会效益,注重公民素质教育,对于景区的收费方面,则让人惊叹不已!游意大利仅庞贝收费10欧元     

耶稣会士傅圣泽与早期欧洲汉学

谈到 17、18世纪在华传教士对萌芽期欧洲汉学的贡献 ,通常从这几个指标衡量 :传教士本人的中文造诣和有关中国之研究成果的价值 ,传教士在欧洲传播普及中国知识的程度 ,传教士与早期欧洲汉学家的来往。然而照此看来 ,本文的主人公法国耶稣会士傅圣泽(Ｊｅａｎ Ｆｒａｎｃｏｉｓ