The Privatization of Information Policy

Copyright law in recent years has undergone a process of privatization. While weakening the enforceability of conventional legislation (copyright rules), cyberspace facilitates alternative types of regulation such as contracts and technical self-help measures. Regulation by the code is significantly different from traditional types of public ordering (copyright law) and private ordering (contracts). Norms that technically regulate the use of information are not merely self-made they are also self-enforced. Furthermore, the law was recruited to uphold the superiority of such technical self-help measures. The recently adopted U.S. Digital Millenium Copyright Act (DMCA) 1998 prohibits the development and use of technologies designed to circumvent copyright management systems. The underlying assumption of this legislation is that in Cyberspace, the target of regulation should become the technologies that affect users' behavior rather than the behaviors themselves. This paper critically examines this regulatory approach and highlights its shortcomings.     

数字图书馆建设面临的合理使用制度探讨

随着数字技术的发展,在数字图书馆的建设中却面临着某些服务可能会与著作权利相冲突。通过在立法上提出对数字图书馆合理使用的范围和立法模式进行调整;完善著作权集体管理制度;法律在规定对技术措施提供保护时,就还应当根据法的公平正义的精神规定技术措施的例外,以体现著作权法的衡平精神。     

高校图书馆以数字化方式使用国外原版图书的版权问题研究

在分析数字环境对传统著作权的挑战及其引起的法律问题的基础上,指出了我国著作权立法的不完善之处,诸如缺乏数字环境下著作权的合理使用标准和公益图书馆的豁免制度。鉴于此,本文从立法者、司法者和守法者的视角,提出了国外原版图书数字化所面临法律问题的解决方案。立法者参照国际条约和发达国家的著作权法,完善我国数字环境下的著作权立法;司法者结合国内外的司法实践,对相关案件作出合理、公正的判决,为立法者提供立法依据;守法者依据现行法律、针对数字版权特征,依法、合理、善意地使用数字作品,如对读者资格进行注册限制、对数字作品采取加密措施等。

Abstract：

Based on the analysis of the challenges of the digital environment to the traditional copyright and the legal issues arising therefrom,this paper points out the imperfections of copyright legislation in China such as lack of standard for rational use of copyright and exemption system for public library in the digital environment.In view of this,this article proposes some solutions to the legal issues in the digitalization of foreign original books from the perspective of the legislators,the judiciary and the law-abiding personnel.The legislators perfect the copyright legislation in the digital environment in China by reference to the international treaties and the copyright laws of the developed countries.The judiciary integrates judicial practice in China and foreign countries to make rational and fair judgement on relevant cases to provide the legislative basis for the legislators.The law-abiding personnel use the digital works lawfully,legitimately and in a spirit of goodwill according to the current law and the characteristics of the digital copyright such as limiting the number of readers eligible for registration and adopting encryption measures for protecting digital works.     

图书馆试用数据库知识产权保护问题探析

试用数据库的知识产权受法律保护, 保护模式包括版权法保护、合同法保护以及技术措施保护等。当前对试用数据库的知识产权保护方面存在诸多问题, 图书馆要采取适当的保护策略, 如发布版权公告、做好技术保护、监控并处理违规行为、加强版权教育培训以及到期及时清理等, 切实做好试用数据库的知识产权保护工作。     

网络课程版权问题研究

本文从网络课程开发与使用的现实出发,概括揭示了网络课程可能存在的版权问题,并分析了这一问题存在的原因,最后提出了通过修订法律、完善主体间协议和制定完善的版权政策等办法解决版权问题的建议。     

适用于图书馆的技术措施规避例外的基本问题研究

利用著作权法律赋予图书馆可享有的技术措施规避例外,图书馆就能够更为方便地利用版权数字作品提供信息服务。文章分析了技术措施的边界和法律地位,指出技术措施规避例外存在的必要性、依据和原则,介绍主要地区、国家著作权法律关于技术措施规避例外的规定。在此基础上,界定图书馆可适用的技术措施规避例外,并剖析适用于图书馆的技术措施规避对图书馆的影响。     

区块链在数字音乐版权管理中应用的挑战与因应

数字音乐版权管理涵盖确权、用权、维权三大环节，分别面临版权归属难以确定、版权许可与版税支付壁垒、技术保护与法律保护皆不完美的问题，而区块链具有多方协同、不可篡改、可溯源、可验证、去中心化等特点，其应用可化解数字音乐版权管理的困境；此外，在确权、用权、维权三大环节也分别面临版权虚假主张的验证、实际收益未增加、区块链存证的证据性质未定等新问题。基于对区块链在数字音乐版权管理中应用的场景与挑战分析，提出中国应采取监管沙盒方式进行试验性规制的建议。     

国内外之比较:网络链接的著作权保护

随着国际互联网的迅猛发展,社会、政治、经济、生活的各个方面都受到了强烈的冲击,知识产权法律制度也不例外.网络中请求保护的客体呈多样化,著作权上的新问题和新矛盾层出不穷,尤其是与网络链接有关的著作权纠纷逐年增多.针对这些纠纷,许多国家和有关著作权保护的国际组织纷纷推出应对措施,以促使著作权在网络链接过程中得到合理有效的保护.本文以国际一些组织和国内外部分国家著作权法为主要参考资料,对网络链接过程中涉及的复制权的界定,作品标题的保护,作品的固定,发行权的定义进行了比较研究.     

数字化环境下著作权合理使用制度研究

著作权法追求权利人与公众之间的利益平衡，合理使用制度正是实现这一平衡的重要机制。本文分析了数字化发展对著作权合理使用制度的挑战，合理使用制度仍然有其存在的必要。既要保护数字化作品权利人的专有权，更不能让公众的利益成为保护专有权技术措施的牺牲品。应选择借鉴国外经验以完善我国著作权合理使用制度。     

版权补偿金制度在解决数字图书馆版权问题中的价值与思考

面对数字技术在图书馆的广泛使用给版权带来的巨大影响,而传统版权制度的创新尚无法对私人利益和公共利益于图书馆领域开展有效协调时,不如寻求包含"权利相互性"与"权利立法平等性"等先进立法理念的版权补偿金制度的支持,以促进版权人、图书馆及社会利益的共同实现,这项制度必将成为图书馆使用数字版权的重要法律模式之一。     

数字图书馆版权保护技术及其规避行为的法律对策

版权保护是数字图书馆建设中面临的关键性问题之一。本文结合中国大陆新著作权法对数字化信息资源的版权保护条款，简要回顾了当前中国大陆数字图书馆建设在版权保护问题上的缺陷，强调应进一步加强版权保护的技术性措施；详细论述了用以保护数字化信息资源版权的主流技术，包括防拷贝技术、访问控制、内容保护、流媒体格式、数字水印以及DRM技术，对DRM技术在数字图书馆中的应用前景进行了展望；并对数字资源版权保护中可能出现的技术规避行为，提出采用先进技术、追究法律责任、改进商业模式等若干应对措施。     

图书馆开发利用网络信息资源法律障碍研究

网络信息资源开发利用实践活动已在很多图书馆开展,而著作权风险、行政法风险及图书馆法律规定不统一造成的差别待遇等法律障碍却限制了这项工作的顺利进行。建立网络信息资源呈缴制度,修改著作权法扩大图书馆合理使用的范围,完善图书馆立法等可以消除网络信息资源开发利用过程中的法律障碍。     

数字图书馆的版权问题研究

文章分析了影响数字图书馆版权的有关问题，即保护期规定，公共借阅权，合理使用制度与复制权限制，探讨了著作权立法的趋势。     

图书馆视角中的著作权许可模式研究

图书馆是体现社会知识公平与自由获取的知识传播机构,是体现著作权法律平衡精神的利益平衡器。著作权法在促进知识的创造与传播的同时,也制约与影响着图书馆传播与利用知识的行为方式。著作权的许可使用是著作权行使的主要方式之一。正确利用著作权的许可授权,获得更广泛、更自由的传播与利用知识的权利,是影响图书馆发展的焦点问题。本文从图书馆视角分析我国现有的著作权授权许可模式,对其在图书馆的适用进行研究。     

Can antitrust law enforcement spur innovation? Antitrust regulation of patent consolidation and its impact on follow-on innovations

This study examines the effect of antitrust regulation of patent consolidation on the development of follow-on innovations. Our reconciliation of the various strains of literature hypothesizes that in sectors where cumulative innovation is crucial to firms’ market operations, a firm that consolidates patents for substituting technologies for its already-possessed technologies discourages market competitions and follow-on innovation by competitors. In this case, antitrust regulation of patent consolidation is anticipated to positively affect competitors’ follow-on innovation. We empirically test this hypothesis with the case of the US Department of Justice's regulation of Novell's software patent transfers to four large proprietary software companies (i.e., Microsoft, Oracle, EMC, and Apple) in 2011. Our analyses using US patent, trademark, and copyright data have found evidence corroborating our hypothesis. Our research provides policy and scholarly implications regarding how antitrust law can be a complementary institution to the patent law for promoting innovation.     

Copyright and Commerce: The DMCA, Trusted Systems, and the Stabilization of Distribution

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) has been criticized for granting too much power to copyright holders, offering them new technological controls that may harm the public interest. But by considering this exclusively as a copyright issue, we overlook how the DMCA anticipates a technological and commercial infrastructure for regulating not only copying but every facet of the purchase and use of cultural goods. In upholding the law in Universal v. Reimerdes, the courts not only stabilized these market-friendly arrangements in cultural distribution; they extended these arrangements into realms as diverse as encryption research and journalism, with consequences for the very production of knowledge.     

Copyright and Commerce: The DMCA,Trusted Systems,and the Stabilization of Distribution

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) has been criticized for granting too much power to copyright holders, offering them new technological controls that may harm the public interest. But by considering this exclusively as a copyright issue, we overlook how the DMCA anticipates a technological and commercial infrastructure for regulating not only copying but every facet of the purchase and use of cultural goods. In upholding the law in Universal v. Reimerdes, the courts not only stabilized these market-friendly arrangements in cultural distribution; they extended these arrangements into realms as diverse as encryption research and journalism, with consequences for the very production of knowledge.     

基于SWOT分析的图书馆知识产权风险控制策略

论述了图书馆知识产权风险的产生原因及类型,应用SWOT分析法对知识产权风险的优势、劣势、机会与威胁等因素进行分析,进而提出风险控制策略,即图书馆可以通过充分利用公有信息与深入挖掘开放存取资源、增值加工馆藏文献、充分保障技术措施、关注版权法立法动向、加强版权说明以及教育用户遵守版权法等途径,控制知识产权风险,提升图书馆服务质量,树立自身的良好形象.     

开放获取自存档的版权许可障碍与解决措施初探

在版权法的法律框架下实现开放获取,版权所有人的授权许可是关键.有鉴于此,尝试对自存档OA仓储的版权许可障碍进行分析,并提出解决措施,以期为相关机构制定版权管理策略提供参考.     

Understanding copyright in support of scholarship: Some possible challenges to scholars and academic librarians in the digital environment?

This paper examines the rationale for copyright and how the copyright exemption of the law promotes scholarship. It examines the possible challenges that may be faced by scholars and academic librarians in implementing the copyright fair dealing exemption in the digital environment following that digital information is protected by copyright law and licensing agreements. The paper attempts to propose possible measures that could be implemented for copyright exceptions to better function and promote scholarship in the digital environment.