Creative adaptation: the role of new technology based firms in Portugal

This paper reviews two recent research studies on Portuguese New Technology Based Firms (NTBFs). Attention is given to the role and contribution of NTBFs to innovation. The main argument is that, by and large, NTBFs are less concerned with the introduction of major innovations and more with creative adaptive improvements to products and services based upon new technologies first introduced elsewhere. The empirical research found that Portuguese NTBFs are a recent phenomenon associated with diffusion of Electronics and Information Technologies (EIT) during the late 1980s. They perform a wide variety of knowledge-intensive activities, which enhance local users' adoption processes and they are associated with different forms of technology transfer through external linkages. Overall, NTBFs undertake a frequently unobserved role as technology searchers and acquirers that, pushed by idiosyncratic local niche market opportunities, selectively choose among and enhance technologies developed elsewhere, introducing them into the local market.     

Smaller firms and Europe's high technology sectors: a framework for analysis and some statistical evidence

This paper introduces a simple framework through which the evolution of industries can be `mapped'. This framework is used to discuss the role of small firms in the development of Europe's high technology sectors during the 1980s. The framework assesses the development of high technology sectors in two dimensions (1) through the change over time in the number of units (establishments or enterprises) in these sectors and (2) through the changing employment of these sectors. Changes within both manufacturing and service sectors are discussed and differences are found between the sectors examined. Especially among the manufacturing sectors, differences are also found between countries. In some countries the high technology manufacturing sectors are growing both in terms of the number of units active in these activities and their employment, while in other countries, the number of units is increasing but employment is contracting. Within this context, it may well be that the growth in the number of high technology small firms has at least as much to do with `negative' factors, such as the `down-sizing' of large firms, as it has to do with `positive' factors, such as the creation of innovative new enterprises.     

Institutional change and resource endowments to science-based entrepreneurial firms

This paper considers the question of whether the resource endowments of science-based entrepreneurial firms are influenced by the way technology transfer is organised at the parent organisation. We studied one public research organisation in detail (IMEC, Belgium), by questioning all managers involved in technology transfer and the founders of all science-based entrepreneurial firms set up between 1986 and 2002. This research identifies three generations of companies at IMEC, mirroring the organisational changes in technology transfer policies and displaying distinct resource characteristics. Establishing an incubator structure for spin-offs seems to be a learning process during which little decision making can be exerted over senior management's social network in the financial and business community for securing the financial, technological and human resources for the science-based entrepreneurial firms.     

中国科技社团奖项的研究

中国科技社团奖励制度是我国民间科技奖励体系的重要组成部分,既是社会进步和科技发展的必然要求,也是科技改革不断发展、完善的一个重要标志和必然要求。本文以中国科协及所属全国学会、协会、研究会设立的科学奖项为例,深入探讨我国科技社团奖励体系的运行现状及经验,尝试为建立科学、合理、具有中国特色的科技社团评价体系提供借鉴和启示。     

The role of corporate technology strategy and patent portfolios in low-, medium- and high-technology firms

Previous research into technology strategies and patent portfolios has focused on high-technology firms, whereas low- and medium-technology companies have been relatively neglected. Therefore, we analyze how corporate technology strategy and the size and composition of patent portfolios affect the performance of low-, medium- and high-technology firms. Data from 136 European companies are used to examine four hypotheses relating financial performance to technological diversification, technological aggressiveness, patent portfolio size, and patent portfolio quality. The cross-industry sample allows analyzing the different consequences of these strategic parameters in low-, medium- and high-technology firms by considering technological intensity as a moderator. Our first finding is that the positive impact of technological aggressiveness is limited in low- and medium-technology companies. Secondly, technological diversification has a positive effect in high-technology firms and a negative effect in low-technology firms. Thirdly, patent portfolio size has a positive effect only in high-technology firms. Finally, patent portfolio quality has an equally positive influence on all firms’ performance. In part, these results conflict with the findings of previous research into high-technology companies, and they call for rethinking the role of technology strategies and intellectual property portfolios in firms across industries.     

Licensing as a commercialisation strategy for new technology-based firms

We investigate licensing as a commercialisation strategy for new technology-based firms (NTBFs) in the biopharmaceutical industry using a combination of survey and database research methods. We found that most firms in our sample were not fully integrated regardless of their company age which is consistent with the picture of NTBFs as agents of technology transfer. Comparing fully and not-fully integrated firms we find differences in the use of licensing strategies. According to Ford and Ryan [Harvard Business Review 59 (1981) 117] fully integrated companies apply licensing for strategic reasons and for financially unattractive projects. Our results provide partial support for this theory.     

我国企业的技术战略

我国企业的成败有赖于其技术战略的选择。用翔实的例子和数据描述、分析和解释了我国企业20年来走过的技术发展轨道,证明了选择适当的技术战略、并且坚持不懈地培育自己的技术能力,是持续发展的基本保证。     

中国出口企业技术创新异质性研究——来自上市公司的经验证据

技术创新是出口企业提高国际竞争力的重要战略,而技术创新的关键在于对其特性和形成原因的科学把握。本文在对企业技术创新的理论分析的基础上,运用多元统计和面板数据模型,以非出口企业、FDI企业为对照组,实证研究了中国上市出口企业技术创新异质性与影响因素。研究发现中国出口企业技术创新具有明显的异质性;研发资本投入、研发人力投入、企业冗余资源、技术装备程度、国有股权比例、股权集中度和企业规模对出口企业技术创新产出的作用具有类型异质性和大小差异性。研究结果可为中国出口企业技术创新决策提供参考。     

全球科技治理中的国际科技组织：模式演进与路径重构

摘要：国际科技组织作为全球科技治理体系中的重要主体及核心力量,其治理进程的演进经历了多个阶段。从专业化科技社团的单一内部治理、制度扩散之下的多边治理,到融合多元行为体和多维治理机制的复合治理。究其演进动因,既源于全球科技治理的专业性制度需求、也得益于国际科技组织自身的制度能力。然而,国际科技组织在参与全球科技治理的进程中依然受制于独立性较弱、参与主体价值诉求差异、科技治理权力结构不均衡等诸多因素的影响。为此,未来重构国际科技组织治理的新路径需要推动“自上而下”的联合国机制实现渐进有序参与,同时以“自下而上”的治理创新,以此凝聚全球科技治理的组织合力,使“国际组织间合作”的新范式为全球科技治理提供新的治理理念、方案与治理机制。     

高技术：涵义,管理,体制

发展高技术，应用高技术，已经成为国际性的历史潮流，人们正从不同的角度对高技术及其相关问题进行研究和探讨。本文根据现有的研究基础，对高技术的涵义、管理和体制作一简要阐释。     

基于信任的高新技术企业协作机制研究

为解决传统企业协作机制的局限性,在结合高新技术企业员工、研发、生产、技术等方面协作关系的特点的基础上,提出基于信任的高新技术企业协作机制,并探讨了该模型对实践的启示。     

国外信息资源标准现状研究

从众多国外最具权威、最具影响的标准化组织机构中,筛选出8个提供信息资源方面标准制定与服务的组织——ISO、IEC、ITU、CEN、CENELEC、ETSI、ANSI、BSI进行组织机构的纵向分析和横向比较,深入研究国外信息资源标准的制定、内容、利用、维护等方面的现状及特点,分析了国外信息资源标准体系的优劣。     

中国创新型试点企业规模与技术创新投入关系研究

以我国首批试点创新型企业为样本,采用三次式对企业规模与技术创新投入关系进行回归分析,从实证的角度探讨了二者关系分段曲线特征和相关拐点(转折点)分布,以期为我国创新型企业分类评价提供相关参考.     

我国制药企业技术创新的战略网络研究

战略网络理论认为企业之间错综复杂的相互合作竞争关系所组成的网络对于企业的行为和绩效有着重要影响。基于我国制药企业技术创新的现状,将技术创新与战略网络联系起来,对企业技术创新的战略网络进行分析,并提出制药企业要建立本企业的战略网络,根据自身情况以适当形式加强与网络各成员的紧密合作,充分利用网络资源进行技术创新,以促进企业技术创新能力的提高。     

中国高技术产业化过程的机制研究

高技术产业化的机制问题一直是人们关心的话题.本文从辞海关于“机制”定义出发,揭示出高技术产业化机制研究的三个主要内容:高技术产业化过程各环节的联系方式;这种联系方式发生的逻辑过程;这种联系方式的存在条件.文章联系中国实际提出了中国高技术产业化机制有效运行应注意的问题.     

Against the odds: Small firms in Australia successfully introducing new technology on construction projects

The methods by which small firms overcome the disadvantages of their size to implement innovation on construction projects are examined here through five Australian case studies. It is found that such methods include working with advanced clients, prioritising relationship-building strategies and using patents to protect intellectual property. Key obstacles to innovation implementation by small firms on construction projects are found to be bias in the allocation of government business assistance and regulatory inefficiencies under federal systems of government. The study’s findings derive from a theoretical framework which emphasises firm capabilities and environment, and innovation typologies. Further research is recommended into the impact of government assistance and regulation on small innovative construction firms.     

高新技术与我国的产业现代化发展

本文在分析了我国高新技术发展现状的基础上,根据我国高新技术及其产业化发展的特点,指出了发展高新技术对我国产业现代化的积极作用,进而对发展我国高新技术产业的对策进行了有益的探讨.     

文章题目： 西方技术资本理论发展评述西方技术资本理论发展评述

本文在文献梳理的基础上,从技术资本的相关概念、生成机制、财务运营以及贡献四个方面对已有的技术资本经典文献进行系统评述,并尝试构建了一个技术资本的整合研究框架,最后针对现有研究存在的不足,对未来研究方向作一展望,为进一步的理论探索提供参考。     

基于Moodle平台的高中信息技术课程设计

Moodle以其经济性和易用性等特点,已在教育领域中得到广泛应用。根据Moodle的特点,通过探索基于Moodle平台的高中信息技术课程的设计,以进一步推进信息技术与课程的整合。