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1.
创新是企业发展的动力之一,制度创新是其重要组成部分。保险制度可以分为交易制度、组织制度和保障制度。根据保险制度的特点,结合保险制度存在的问题,提出保险制度创新的措施。  相似文献   

2.
This paper argues that despite being widely promoted by academics and consultants, the empirical evidence does not support the existence of a biotech revolution. Nor does the data support the widely held expectations that biotechnology is having a revolutionary impact on healthcare or economic development. The revolutionary model is therefore a misleading basis for policy making as it over-estimates the speed and extent of any changes in productivity or the quality of therapeutics. Instead, the evidence suggests biotechnology is following a well-established incremental pattern of technological change and ‘creative accumulation’ that builds upon, rather than disrupts, previous drug development heuristics.  相似文献   

3.
事业单位预算会计制度改革与创新对策研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
章霞 《科技广场》2012,(3):205-208
预算会计作为事业单位预算管理的基础性工作,在加强事业单位科学管理中起到非常重要的作用。本文通过对预算会计现状分析和研究,针对现行事业单位的预算会计暴露出的一些缺陷和问题,提出在保持预算会计科学性前提下,结合会计行业通用准则和事业单位的职能,建立一套行之有效的预算会计核算制度体系,保障事业单位预算会计活动的有序进行,体现事业单位预算会计的职业性、专业性、公益性、社会性和非营利性。全面、稳妥地推进事业单位预算会计制度的改革和创新,加速事业单位预算会计的改革进程,逐步引入权责发生制,建立和完善具有中国特色的事业单位预算会计体系。  相似文献   

4.
比利时弗拉芒生物技术研究所(VIB)自1996年成立起始终坚持科学研究与技术应用的融合发展模式,经过10多年就跻身世界生物科技研究的领先地位,其独特的运行机制值得借鉴。研究表明,健全的组织管理机制、依托大学和科研院所的用人机制、多样化的产研结合机制以及广泛的国际交流合作机制有效支撑了VIB持续创新发展。我国可借鉴其经验,从完善自主管理机制、加强创新资源统筹布局、增强国际化人才支撑引领、提升创新创业生态水平、强化经费跟踪问效推进科研机构进一步创新发展。  相似文献   

5.
China has transformed itself from a planning to a market-oriented economy over the past three decades and has sustained a fairly long period of rapid economic growth, to which the contributions from innovation in science and technology (S&T) have become increasingly important. Then, how have China's innovation policies evolved to reflect the changing and supposedly better understanding of innovation by China's policy makers? The paper tries to answer this question through a quantitative analysis of 287 policies issued by China's central government agencies between 1980 and 2005 and of 79 policies introduced between 2006 and 2008 to implement the Medium- and Long-Term Plan for the Development of Science and Technology (2006-2020). China has shifted its S&T and industrial policy-centered innovation strategy and has pursued a series of better coordinated, innovation-oriented economic and technology initiatives that give greater attention to a portfolio of policies that include critical financial, tax, and fiscal measures. There has been a gradual departure from the pattern in which innovation policies are formulated by one single government agency, therefore steering China to a different and probably more promising innovation trajectory.  相似文献   

6.
  总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
This article addresses the validity of assumptions about the importance of co-locality for innovation, by analyzing whether or not co-location matters for formal knowledge collaboration in the Swedish biotechnology-pharmaceutical sector, or biotech-pharma sector. The population of Swedish biotech-pharma firms has been defined, based on the three criteria of geographical location, their engagement in active knowledge development, and their specialized knowledge/product focus. The firms’ patterns of regional, national and international collaboration with other firms and with universities is analyzed, as well as the differing collaborative patterns of small versus large firm. In addressing the theoretical questions about the relative importance of co-location for innovation, the article also provides an empirical overview of the Swedish biotech-pharma sector, especially trends over time. This paper thus contributes to the literature by expanding our empirical knowledge about one European biotech-pharma sectoral system, e.g. Sweden, as well as addressing the theoretical question about the relative importance of co-location for formal knowledge collaboration.  相似文献   

7.
尽管生物技术在发展中国家已经得到广泛重视,但是很少有研究关注在不利于生物技术发展的环境中,影响生物技术创新绩效的因素。以我国生物技术中小企业2008—2010年的调研数据为例,文章研究政府RD支持与企业合作对生物技术创新产出的直接影响与间接影响。研究结果显示,生物技术中小企业与上游单位的合作对其创新产出具有重要作用,与国外公司合作产生的影响大于与国内公司合作产生的影响。通过促进企业内部RD活动以及与国内上下游企业的合作,政府以项目资金的方式,直接和间接地影响生物技术中小企业的创新。文章研究发现,政府RD资金支持,与国外高校、科研机构的合作,以及与下游企业的合作均对生物技术中小企业的创新产生重要作用。  相似文献   

8.
新型研发机构成目前正处于培育发展期,如何明确定位并促进其加快发展是值得研究的问题。首先梳理新型研发机构历史发展的五个阶段,然后对2015年广东省认定的124家省级新型研发机构从组建模式、对接产业、区域分布和高校视角进行数据分析。最后提出重点支持和引导企业、大型央属科研院所、高校主导建设不同定位的新型研发机构,对接区域产业并加强协同创新,快速构建广东新型研发体系的政策建议。  相似文献   

9.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Regional technology clusters are an important source of economic development, yet in biotechnology few successful clusters exist. Previous research links successful clusters to heightened innovation capacity achieved through the existence of social ties linking individuals across companies. Less understood are the mechanisms by which such networks emerge. The article uses social network analysis to examine the emergence of social networks linking senior managers employed in biotechnology firms in San Diego, California. Labor mobility within the region has forged a large network linking managers and firms, while ties linking managers of an early company, Hybritech, formed a network backbone anchoring growth in the region.  相似文献   

10.
    
The concept of the National System of Innovation (NSI) has been applied in order to analyze the interrelation of institutions and technological development. It has been diversified as a growing number of studies recognized the emergence of autonomous innovation systems at various territorial levels. Focusing on German biotechnology, this article takes an alternative perspective arguing that functions of the NSI became part of a multi-level governance system. By proposing a multi-level approach, which directs on the dynamic reconfiguration of NSIs towards the subnational as well as the international level, we are trying to bridge the gap between innovation system approaches that analytically highlight one specific territorial level only.  相似文献   

11.
This paper examines interdependencies between firms’ activities in the realms of open science and commercial product development. We present a theoretical framework that outlines when a firm’s involvement in academic communities enhances its innovative performance in terms of new products in development. We argue that the disclosure of more, valuable R&D work in quality scholarly publications and collaborations with academic partners positively affect firm innovation. We further hypothesize a differential effect of adopting open science strategies on the innovation type, being more pronounced for radical innovations than for incremental innovations. We empirically analyze a unique panel dataset containing information on the product innovation performance and R&D activities of 160 UK therapeutic biotechnology firms over the period 1998- 2009. Our results from count data models on the number of new products in development provide empirical support for our hypotheses.  相似文献   

12.
高校新型研发机构是提升国家高素质人才培养水平、推动重大原创性科技创新的有效载体,其发展历程体现了创新逻辑、学术逻辑和教育功能逻辑的不断演变。与一般意义上的产学研合作不同,高校新型研发机构强调高校系统内外因素的互动和支撑作用,主要体现为高校与企业共建协同创新平台、高校与地方政府共建研究院、大学衍生企业、大学科技园等多种模式。鉴于多模式的高校新型研发机构在产学研教等领域具有协同性、灵活性相统一的特点,做大做强高校新型研发机构有必要进一步加强政府顶层设计、调动高校积极性、提升高校新型研发机构自身建设能力,通过调动相关因素的积极性,激发共同推动高校新型研发机构发展的合力和动力。  相似文献   

13.
从分析数字化协同管理对新型研发机构内、外部合作的影响入手,结合某新型研发机构数字化协同管理的实践,深入剖析了数字化协同管理对于新型研发机构合作创新的意义。研究表明:数字化协同管理可以强化科研人员之间、新型研发机构与其他科研机构之间的链接,从而提升机构内、外部的合作创新能力。数字化协同管理可以从分配公平、程序公平和互动公平三个维度重塑科研人员之间的合作关系,打破各环节之间时间和空间上的障碍,提升技术、知识、成果等资源在创新链中的传播速率,强化新型研发机构内、外部合作的能力。  相似文献   

14.
    
The dynamics of technology development along the technological trajectories of the Green Revolution and the Gene Revolution could be explicated by the social morphologies of modernization and globalization. The Green Revolution was shaped by the exigencies of modernization, while the Gene Revolution is being shaped by the imperatives of neo-liberal economic globalization. Innovation, development, and diffusion of technologies followed different trajectories in these two realms because of being part of different innovation systems. Considerations of private gain and profit in the form of high returns to shareholders of agro-biotech corporations of global reach, largely, determine the dynamics of technological innovation in the Gene Revolution. Technology transfer and local adaptive work in the Green Revolution was carried out in the international public domain with the objective of developing research capacity in post-colonial Third World agriculture to increase food production to avert hunger-led political insurrection during the Cold War. Differentiating these two trajectories is important not only due to the normative implications inherent in comparing the impacts of these two “revolutions”, but also due to the important lessons we learn about how different contexts of innovation in the same technology cluster could evolve into contrasting research policy regimes.  相似文献   

15.
In many extant analyses of the impact of non-reciprocal system of trade preferences it is typical to focus on the details of market access value of tariff concessions as explanation for why export of beneficiaries may or may not respond to incentives. Very often, the role that supply related factors can, and do play in the process is relegated to the background. This paper argues that the social absorption capability of a beneficiary's economy as expressed in her incumbent systems of innovation is a crucial determinant of export performance response. The experience of sub-Sahara African countries under the US African Growth and Opportunity Act apparel trade incentive is used as a classical illustration of this proposition. It is shown that the comparative efficiency of Lesotho, despite emerging from a relatively weak trade performance potential background, in recording the highest level of export success among beneficiaries of the scheme is a function of the relative efficiency of her systems of innovation.  相似文献   

16.
为进一步综合研究分析新型研发机构发展策略,以1 321家全国新型研发机构为研究对象,在系统总结新型研发机构发展现状的基础上,基于有关文献及有关理论研究,构建新型研发机构核心竞争力六维评价指标体系,通过人工蜂群(ABC)算法优化后的BP神经网络模型对新型研发机构核心竞争力进行评估。结果表明,35.30%的新型研发机构核心竞争力处于较强水平,总体上新型研发机构核心竞争力具有良好的发展基础和前景;新型研发机构主要通过延长创新服务链条、创新科技成果对接机制等策略占据有利的生态位。新型研发机构未来要进一步强化科技人才培养能力,创新企业孵化机制,激发科技金融竞争力来进一步推动新型研发机构高质量发展。  相似文献   

17.
技术创新是企业成长必由之路。中小企业以产品创新为起点,工艺创新为规模扩大之途径,实现从小到大、从弱到强。制度和管理创新是企业稳定与持续成长必不可少的环节。企业成长正是不断地推进产品创新、工艺创新、制度和管理创新的循环交替的过程。  相似文献   

18.
阐述了应用型科研院所体制改革的3个阶段3大硬件、1个软件,指出企业化转制的本质,分析了青海省科研体制改革存在的困难,提出了相应对策。  相似文献   

19.
为了解国际生物技术研究开发安全管理现状,通过文献调研、分析与综合、比较研究等方法,对当前国际生物技术研究开发活动存在的安全问题及其监管进行较为深入的分析,发现当前生物技术两用性问题日益严重,国内外对此开展一定研究并采取相应的管理措施.并总结这些管理措施具有有法可依或有章可循、但管理模式存在差异,管理对象类型不同、管理范...  相似文献   

20.
浅论大学生创新能力的培养   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
姜秀华 《情报科学》2003,21(1):25-26,37
本文从创新能力的内涵、创新教育、教学改革、引导教育、实践教育和环境保障等方面对培养大学生的创新能力进行了讨论,提出应多途径、全方位地培养学生的创新能力。  相似文献   

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