双关在中英广告语中的应用

双关是广告语中常用的修辞之一。它利用词的多义或同音,使语句具有双重意义,给人留下深刻印象。本文比较了中英文广告中双关的不同特点,并分析了翻译的基本技巧。     

浅析并重双关

双关是利用语言的某些条件,有意使语句同时关顾表面和内里两种意思的辞格。双关辞格往往是“言在此、意在彼”,但在意义上并无表里轻重之分的并重双关,不但创造了一种新奇巧妙的语言形式。更丰富了双关辞格的类型。本文拟从并重双关的构成手段对其进行分析。     

浅折并重双关

双关是利用语言的某些条件,有意使语句同时关顾表面和内里两种意思的辞格.双关辞格往往是"言在此、意在彼",但在意义上并无表里轻重之分的并重双关,不但创造了一种新奇巧妙的语言形式,更丰富了双关辞格的类型.本文拟从并重双关的构成手段对其进行分析.     

认知交际法的语用学顺应理论与教学实践

顺应理论认为人类的语言交际是一个语境、语言、认知和社会各因素相互作用的过程。外语教学的认知交际法确认语言的认知属性和交际属性。本文旨在诠释认知交际法的语用学理论依据,并依此来指导外语教学实践。     

对认知语用学的几点认识

随着语言使用中的认知问题越来越受到关注.语用问题的认知研究是近年来国际语言学界涌现出来的一个新的研究热点和趋势.本文首先对认知语用学作了简单的介绍;然后讨论了信息处理的语用模块论,指出语用过程不是模块化过程;最后,对语用理解这一认知语用学的重要问题进行了分析,并讨论了语言交际的认知语境观.     

认知交际法的语用学顺应理论与教学实践

顺应理论认为人类的语言交际是一个语境、语言、认知和社会各因素相互作用的过程.外语教学的认知交际法确认语言的认知属性和交际属性.本文旨在诠释认知交际法的语用学理论依据,并依此来指导外语教学实践.     

认知语言学对语用学的启示——认知语用学

语用理论是一种交际理论,但同时交际理论又是一种认知理论。虽然目前还未形成统一的定义和理论框架,但这些都不能否认该研究的存在与谈论的必要性。     

双关的原型范畴阐释

本文尝试运用原型范畴理论来探索双关.双关所关涉的两层意义分别是其语义范畴的语义原型成员(显性意义)和语义边缘成员(隐性意义).双关是借助前者为中介而达到后者的一种语言现象.在双关的产生和理解中,前者占有优先权,要达到后者则需付出更多的精力,而后者却是双关主要的关键所在.     

浅析歧义与双关的不同之处

歧义与双关都是汉语中历史悠久的研究课题,歧义与双关是两个很容易被混淆的概念。但是,尽管它们之间有许多相似性,但是实质却不同。本文主要辨析歧义与双关,旨在澄清这两个概念,避免将二者混为一谈,并提高我们正确地运用和辨析歧义与双关的能力。     

从语用学角度看广告语及其翻译

语用学是研究环境给予语言意义的科学。广告语是词语的精妙组合,所构成的广告文案是决定一支广告能否成功的关键。好的广告文案可以传达更多、更丰富的资讯与信息。从语用学角度看,广告语由语境、符号束和智力干涉三个方面决定,其创作是一个不断比较、不断选择的过程,顺应是其本质特征。     

Language as a <Emphasis Type="Italic">vehicle of knowing</Emphasis>: the role of language and meaning in constructing knowledge

This paper emphasizes the role of language in constructing knowledge. It considers the context-dependant nature of knowledge: how do people interpret the situation; what tasks have to be accomplished; which knowledge do they consider important; etc. Firstly, the paper outlines its assumptions on epistemological issues, that is the knowledge concept and the role of language and meaning in creating knowledge. Secondly, referring to discourse theory the paper sheds light on the use of language in varying social contexts, highlighting interactivity, context dependency, functional, and creative nature of language. Thirdly, for the purpose of illustration the theoretical findings on language and meaning in constructing knowledge will be applied to the case of the Challenger accident.     

Integration of an XML electronic dictionary with linguistic tools for natural language processing

This study proposes the codification of lexical information in electronic dictionaries, in accordance with a generic and extendable XML scheme model, and its conjunction with linguistic tools for the processing of natural language. Our approach is different from other similar studies in that we propose XML coding of those items from a dictionary of meanings that are less related to the lexical units. Linguistic information, such as morphology, syllables, phonology, etc., will be included by means of specific linguistic tools. The use of XML as a container for the information allows the use of other XML tools for carrying out searches or for enabling presentation of the information in different resources. This model is particularly important as it combines two parallel paradigms—extendable labelling of documents and computational linguistics—and it is also applicable to other languages. We have included a comparison with the labelling proposal of printed dictionaries carried out by the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI). The proposed design has been validated with a dictionary of more than 145 000 accepted meanings.     

语用模型表征:一种基于语境的认知推理

语用模型表征是一种语境论的知识表征观。它不仅消解了关于模型的反结构主义的质疑,而且有助于将心灵、语言和世界整合于模型的建构之中。科学家的认知能力在确认目标系统的潜在粗略结构方面发挥着重要作用,而且这种结构处于语境之中。以认知科学为基础的语用模型表征,经过逻辑的重构,使认知和逻辑在语境基底上走向协同,并表现出有力的认知推理的功能。     

复杂语言关联情境下科技期刊品牌竞争力评价研究

【目的】提高科技期刊品牌竞争力评价的科学性和精确性。【方法】在考虑评价体系的多维度性、多要素性以及复杂关联性的基础上,构建了具有层次子网络结构的科技期刊品牌竞争力评价框架,并给出一种考虑复杂关联情境的评价方法。【结果】该方法借助二元语义信息表示模型,运用决策实验与评价实验室(DEMATEL)法确定评价框架中各维度及其构成要素的重要性程度,采用2-additive Choquet积分算子进行信息处理与集结,从而获得各维度及其综合评价值,并进一步计算出各维度对综合评价值的贡献。【结论】实例分析表明,该方法具有较好的应用价值,能为科技期刊管理者了解现状、有效管理和提升品牌竞争力提供决策支持。     

Evaluating the informative quality of documents in SGML format from judgements by means of fuzzy linguistic techniques based on computing with words

Recommender systems evaluate and filter the great amount of information available on the Web to assist people in their search processes. A fuzzy evaluation method of Standard Generalized Markup Language documents based on computing with words is presented. Given a document type definition (DTD), we consider that its elements are not equally informative. This is indicated in the DTD by defining linguistic importance attributes to the more meaningful elements of DTD chosen. Then, the evaluation method generates linguistic recommendations from linguistic evaluation judgements provided by different recommenders on meaningful elements of DTD. To do so, the evaluation method uses two quantifier guided linguistic aggregation operators, the linguistic weighted averaging operator and the linguistic ordered weighted averaging operator, which allow us to obtain recommendations taking into account the fuzzy majority of the recommenders’ judgements. Using the fuzzy linguistic modeling the user–system interaction is facilitated and the assistance of system is improved. The method can be easily extended on the Web to evaluate HyperText Markup Language and eXtensible Markup Language documents.     

医学科技期刊编辑工作中的几点体会

编辑部应注重对编辑与编务人员整体素质的培养,这是提高期刊出版质量的保障;编辑应认真对待稿件审与退的处理,以防止有价值的稿件的流失,提高稿件处理的透明度;并从缩短期刊发表的时效看网络期刊的发展趋势.     

Computer use of a medical dictionary to select search words

In a preceding experiment in text-searching retrieval for cancer questions, search words were humanly selected with the aid of a medical dictionary and cancer textbooks. Recall results were (1) using only stems of question words (humanly stemmed): 20%; (2) adding dictionary search words: 29%; (3) adding also textbook search words: 70%. For the experiment reported here, computer procedures for using the medical dictionary to select search words were developed. Recall results were (1) for question stems (computer stemmed): 19%; (2) adding search words computer selected from the dictionary: 24 %. Thus the computer procedures compared to human use of the dictionary were 50% successful. Human and computer false retrieval rates were almost equal. Some hypotheses about computer selection of search words from textbooks are also described.     

国有企业实行管理机制创新的意义和途径

阐述了国企实行管理机制创新的意义，并结合中国进入世界贸易组织之后，中国国有企业所面临的问题进行了分析，同时提出了管理机制的新途径，建立了三种机制：动力机制、约束机制和运行机制。     

The application of the concept of homeosemy to natural language information retrieval

The success of information retrieval depends on the ability to measure the effective relationship between a query and its response. If both are posed in natural language, one might expect that understanding the meaning of that language could not be avoided. The aim of this research is to demonstrate that it is perhaps unnecessary to be able to determine the meaning in the absolute sense; it may be sufficient to measure how far there is a conformity in meaning, and then only in the context of the set of documents in which the answer to a query is sought. Handling a particular language using a computer is made possible through replacing certain texts by special sets. A given text has a ‘syntactic trace’, the set of all the overlapping trigrams forming part of the text. When determining the effective relationship between a query and its answer, not only do their syntactic traces play a role, but so do the traces of all other documents in the set. This is known as the ‘information trace method’.