On the generalized Zipf distribution. Part I

This article is concerned with a class of informetric distribution, a family of skew distributions found to describe a wide range of phenomena both within or outside of information sciences and referred to as being of Zipf-type. A generalization of Zipf distribution (a size-frequency form of the Zipf’s law), named the generalized Zipf distribution, is introduced. Two main characterizations of the generalized Zipf distribution are obtained based on the proportionate hazard rate and truncated moments. Finally, some asymptotic properties of the generalized Zipf distribution are investigated.     

高校去行政化：内涵、原因与途径分析

＂去行政化＂的内涵：不等于不要行政,不是把有职务的优秀学者排挤出学术活动,不仅是取消校长的行政级别,其精髓是规范行政权力。＂去行政化＂的原因：消除高校行政化弊端的迫切要求,落实高校办学自主权和学术自治权的不断要求,重塑政府、社会、高校关系的必然要求。改革路径：宏观上厘清政府与高校的关系是根本;纵观上大力培育高等教育的社会中介组织是关键;微观上抓准学术与行政的平衡点是基础。     

Trends in analyzing access to information. Part I: cross-disciplinary conceptualizations of access

Part I of two articles reviews six research literatures that consider access from different vantage points to identify common aspects of the concept `access to information'. The resulting multi-dimensional framework includes (1) conceptualizations of information itself (resource/commodity, data in the environment, representation of knowledge and part of the communication process), (2) conceptualizations of the notion of access (knowledge, technology, communication, control, goods/commodities and rights), (3) a set of general information seeking facets (context, situation, strategies and outcomes) and (4) a variety of influences and constraints (physical, cognitive, affective, economic, social and political). Only a comprehensive consideration of these factors will allow us to understand the concept of access to information, as well as develop and study systems, institutions and policies that foster improved access.     

Innovation as an objective of knowledge management. Part I: The landscape of management

This is the first of a two-part position paper considering how knowledge management supports innovation. The focus of the first part is on diagnosis, and the development of management science and management practice in the 20^th century. It is argued that systems need to be understood not as systems, but at the level of agent interaction, and that an emphasis on design should give way to an emphasis on emergence. The second part will develop these ideas further, with a focus on intervention.     

Measures of international collaboration in scientific literature: Part I

Research evaluating models of scientific productivity require coherent metrics that quantify various key relations among papers as revealed by patterns of citation. This paper focuses on the various conceptual problems inherent in measuring the degree to which papers tend to cite other papers written by authors of the same nationality. We suggest that measures can be given a degree of assurance of coherence by being based on mathematical models describing the citation process. A number of such models are developed.     

基于事件驱动法的组织整合能力与技术整合能力演化关系研究:以海尔为例

首先对组织整合能力和技术整合能力的概念做出界定,然后运用事件驱动法这一工具对海尔集团的组织整合能力和技术整合能力演化进行实证分析。分析结果表明:组织整合能力先于技术整合能力形成,组织整合能力为技术整合能力的形成和发展打下良好的基础。这一结果对我国企业的能力建设具有启发和指导意义。     

Intelligent information retrieval: diagnosing information need. : Part I. The theoretical framework for developing an intelligent IR tool

The research examines the notion that the principles underlying the procedure used by doctors to diagnose a patient's disease are useful in the design of “intelligent” IR systems because the task of the doctor is conceptually similar to the computer (or human) intermediary's task in “intelligent information retrieval”: to draw out, through interaction with the IR system, the user's query/information need. The research is reported in two parts. In Part II, an information retrieval tool is described which is based on “intelligent information retrieval” assumptions about the information user. In Part I, presented here, the theoretical framework for the tool is set out. This framework is borrowed from the diagnostic procedure currently used in medicine, called “differential diagnosis”. Because of the severe consequences that attend misdiagnosis, the operating principle in differential diagnosis is (1) to expand the uncertainty in the diagnosis situation so that all possible hypotheses and evidence are considered, then (2) to contract the uncertainty in a step by step fashion (from an examination of the patient's symptoms, through the patient's history and a physical (signs), to laboratory tests). The IR theories of Taylor, Kuhlthau and Belkin are used to demonstrate that these medical diagnosis procedures are already present in IR and that it is a viable model with which to design “intelligent” IR tools and systems.     

八股百年祭

本文回顾了八股的形式及内容,揭示八股取士制度的影响.历代已对八股及其基础的空疏无用造成的思想僵化、脱离实际、人才空乏,特别是道德虚伪的风气进行多角度的批判,本文则强调八股是控制思想的有利工具,从百年之后的今天来看,更是造成人力、物力、财力的极大浪费,形成了阻碍科学文化发展的壁垒.     

Best entry points for structured document retrieval—Part I: Characteristics

Structured document retrieval makes use of document components as the basis of the retrieval process, rather than complete documents. The inherent relationships between these components make it vital to support users’ natural browsing behaviour in order to offer effective and efficient access to structured documents. This paper examines the concept of best entry points, which are document components from which the user can browse to obtain optimal access to relevant document components. In particular this paper investigates the basic characteristics of best entry points.     

全球重要农业文化遗产评选标准解读及其启示

本文介绍了联合国粮农组织全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)保护试点的评选标准,并进行了简单分析。结合项目总体进展,提出了建立国家重要农业文化遗产(NIAHS)标准及进行保护试点的遴选时,应重点考虑生物与文化多样性、文化与生态及经济的可持续性、区域与类型的代表性、对履行国际公约的贡献、对当地经济社会发展和生态环境保护的作用、可示范性与地方保护的积极性等几个方面。     

创业的机会观点:存在、结构和构造思路

以往文献从存在、结构和构造思路方面系统阐述了创业机会的界定和产生、创业机会的发掘和利用问题,进一步对比分析了不同思路下创业机会观点的差异。