Brief Report: Post Hoc Power,Observed Power,A Priori Power,Retrospective Power,Prospective Power,Achieved Power: Sorting Out Appropriate Uses of Statistical Power Analyses

This brief note hopes to dispel some apparent confusions concerning statistical power, especially ones stemming from power computations based on treating an observed sample effect size as the population effect of interest ("post hoc," "observed," or "retrospective" power). Some after-the-fact power analyses can be useful for presentation purposes but only when based on population effect sizes of independent interest. It is recommended that labels such as "post hoc power," "observed power," "retrospective power," and "a priori power" be avoided, that reported power figures be accompanied by specification and justification of the values used to compute power, and that results characteristically be described with effect sizes, confidence intervals, and p values.     

The archival sliver: Power, memory, and archives in South Africa

Far from being a simple reflection of reality, archives are constructed windows into personal and collective processes. They at once express and are instruments of prevailing relations of power. Verne Harris makes these arguments through an account of archives and archivists in the context of South Africa's transition from apartheid to democracy. The account is deliberately shaped around three themes — race, power, and public records. While he concedes that the constructedness of memory and the dimension of power are most obvious in the extreme circumstances of oppression and rapid transition to democracy, he argues that these are realities informing archives in all circumstances. He makes an appeal to archivists to enchant their work by engaging these realities and by turning always towards the call of and for justice. This essay draws heavily on four articles published previously by me: “Towards a Culture of Transparency: Public Rights of Access to Official Records in South Africa”,American Archivist 57.4 (1994); “Redefining Archives in South Africa: Public Archives and Society in Transition, 1990–1996”,Archivaria 42 (1996); “Transforming Discourse and Legislation: A Perspective on South Africa's New National Archives Act”,ACARM Newsletter 18 (1996); and “Claiming Less, Delivering More: A Critique of Positivist Formulations on Archives in South Africa”,Archivaria 44 (1997). I am grateful to Ethel Kriger (National Archives of South Africa) and Tim Nuttall (University of Natal) for offering sometimes tough comment on an early draft of the essay. I remain, of course, fully responsible for the final text. I presented a version of it in the “Refiguring the Archive” seminar series, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, October 1998. That version was published in revised form in Carolyn Hamilton et al.,Refiguring the Archive (Cape Town: David Philip, 2002).     

图书馆多媒体电子阅览室的构建

本文通过阐述图书馆多媒体电子阅览室的功能，给出了多媒体电子阅览室设计方案及实现方法。     

Power: The rhetoric of mobilization

Power comes from the unification of mass. Physical unity is a result of psychic unity. Psychic unity is the product of two kinds of mobilization—episodic and systemic. Episodic mobilization is the temporary unification of people for a limited end; Systemic mobilization involves the control of a whole field of behavior. A major form of mobilization—ideology—is discussed at length.     

存储区域网模式前沿技术研究

随着服务器CPU的速度不断翻番，ATM和千兆以太网的普遍使用，以及硬盘系统容量的不断扩大，I／O速度日益成为制约整个网络系统效率的瓶颈，针对I／O的瓶颈问题，提出了有效的解决方法，将数据从通用的应用服务器中分离出来以简化存储管理，采用SAN和LANFREE相结合方案。     

Challenging the Context: Perception,Polity, and Power

The Art Institute of Chicago opened its new Kraft General Foods Education Center in 1992. Its inaugural gallery exhibition, ART INSIDE OUT: Exploring Art and Culture Through Time, was designed to help visitors explore the historical and cultural context of twelve works of art. “Contextual areas” are provided for six of them. They employ models, replicas, artwork, art materials and tools as well as interpretive panels and interactive computer installations to enable visitors to fully comprehend and appreciate the immediate world from which each work emerged. the six other works are contextualized by interactive computer installations.     

The Culture of Technical Services

Summary

Libraries are reevaluating technical services processes and making technological, organizational, and workflow changes in order to optimize productivity with ever shrinking resources and provide effective user services in the rapidly changing information environment. However, regardless of how much tinkering we do with streamlining processes, little will change until the culture of technical services changes. This workshop discusses the culture of the library profession and presents a case study of one library's attempt to transform that culture.     

Streaming Video: The Collaborative Convergence of Technical Services,Collection Development,and Information Technology in the Academic Library

To meet the rapid evolution of visual media and changing patron expectations, Brigham Young University's Harold B. Lee Library created Byugle, a device to stream videos to their users. This article describes the new challenges streaming video creates for librarians and the cooperative efforts of subject librarians, technical services, and the Information Technology Department as they work together to meet these challenges to provide streaming media for their patrons.     

科技报告的内涵、作用与管理机制1）

建立科技报告制度成为我国科技管理领域的一项重要改革举措。科技报告作为政府科技投入的重要产出,需要全社会去正确理解其内涵,认识其功效,发挥其作用,并构建其机理。文章首先从科技报告的产生原理、利用价值等方面详细解读了科技报告的内在含义。其次,针对经过集成整合、规范组织后形成的科技报告资源,研究科技报告在科研绩效评估、数据挖掘、知识发现中的潜在价值,从科技报告产生生命周期角度论述科技报告对各利益主体的作用。最后,重点论述科技报告撰写、呈交、管理和服务过程中的相关机理问题。作者认为建立科技报告制度需要正确处理国家、部门或地方、基层科研单位间三级组织管理关系,实行统一的标准规范和管理平台,正确处理科技报告知识产权保护与开放共享关系,严格把控科技报告质量。     

The Blurring of Divisional Lines Between Technical and Public Services:

Penfield Library at the State University of New York College at Oswego has for many years maintained a strong commitment towards providing access to information. The traditional division between technical services and public services was de-empahsized beginning in the early 1970s, and the lines between those two divisions continue to become less and less defined. All librarians now provide reference service and are trained in basic technical services operations. This policy, which is supported by a variety of cross-training activities, enhances access to materials for library patrons and benefits library staff through supporting the freedom to pursue a variety of professional interests.     

图书馆的权力

图书馆具有管理权和处罚权。图书馆管理权、处罚权是图书馆的权力,而不宜表述为是图书馆的“权利”。区分管理、处罚权中的“权”是“权利”还是“权力”可以准确界定图书馆管理、处罚权的概念,可以明确相关理论问题,为图书馆管理权和处罚权的正确行使指明方向。     

The Maturing Worker in Technical Services

No abstract available for this article.     

Creativity,Innovation, and Entrepreneurship in Technical Services

No abstract available for this article.     

BAZTECH: Polish Technical Journal Contents

ABSTRACT

The article describes the development and use of the database BAZTECH: Polish Technical Journal Contents. The database indexes Polish-language scientific and technical journals, and is available free-of-charge on the Internet.     

The Power of Books

No abstract available for this article.     

历史主义的力量——论档案管理中的历史主义原则

档案与其他文献相比,最为本质的区别在于它与历史的关系,它是历史的原始记录,档案的基本功能是记录历史和再现历史。由此决定了在档案管理中的历史主义原则和方法。文章进而指出,国外档案学理论的演变和档案实践的发展,是不断强化历史主义原则的过程。因此,电子文件时代文件和档案载体的变化不能影响历史主义原则在档案管理中的应用前景。