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Cognitive skills acquisition involves developing the ability to solve problems in knowledge-rich task domains, and is particularly important for any individual attempting to meet the challenges of our modern, knowledge-driven economy. This type of economy argues for reconceptualizing cognitive skills acquisition as a lifelong process. Research has shown that worked-out examples are the key to initial cognitive skill acquisition and, therefore, critical to lifelong learning. The extent to which learners' profit from the study of examples, however, depends on how well they explain the solutions of the examples to themselves. This paper discusses our own research on different types of computer-based learning environments that indirectly foster self-explanations by (a) fostering anticipative reasoning, (b) supporting self-explanations during the transition from example study to problem solving, and (c) supporting self-explanation activities with instructional explanations. It also discusses ways of leveraging new computer and video technologies to enhance these environments by representing problem situations and their concepts dynamically. The paper concludes by suggesting that these learning environments, if employed successfully, can encourage systematic, lifelong learning. 相似文献
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根据教学论,科学教学中的“探究”可有三层含义:作为教学目标,指学生应掌握的科学探究技能,要理解的科学探究特性;作为教学原则,指激发学生积极探究未知、主动建构意义的基本教学要求;作为教学方法,指学生在教师指导下所采用的类似科学探究过程的学习方式或程序。 相似文献
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邹一娜 《宁波教育学院学报》2009,11(6):52-55
新课改以后,探究式教学受到了广大科学教育者的重视,但实施效果却不尽人意。针对教师在实施探究式教学中存在的问题,研究者纷纷对探究式教学策略展开研究。为促进学生在科学探究的同时理解科学知识、形成科学概念,教师在实施探究式教学中应了解学生的理论基础并给予正确的理论指导、引发认知冲突、关注学生的情意领域、灵活实施科学探究活动、重视同伴间的交流和讨论。 相似文献
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探究教学是在教师的指导和启发下,通过学生自主、独立的探索活动,有效感知和理解知识、构建知识、获得情感体验,掌握解决问题的方法,发展探索精神和创新能力的学习方法探究教学具有注重科学素养、强调探究过程、提倡合作学习、重视形成性评价的特征。探究教学组织实施得好坏,直接影响到学生学习成绩。为此,营造探究环境、精心设计问题、全面搜集资料、实施合作探究、即时总结评价,应是探究教学实施的策略。 相似文献
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林兆星 《课程.教材.教法》2020,40(3):65-69
《K-12科学教育框架:实践、跨学科概念与核心概念》增加了工程技术元素,提出“科学实践”概念。从科学探究到科学实践的转型,更加关注具体的实践活动,更能促进与知识的融合,更有助于深化核心素养的发展空间。通过改变探究活动与知识建构相脱离的倾向、改变问题驱动方式为项目驱动、改变单一学科教学为学科融合等策略,可以有效实现从科学探究到科学实践的转型。 相似文献
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幼儿园科学探究活动是实现幼儿科学教育,激发科学潜能的主要方式。本文结合幼儿园科学探究活动,探讨如何为高职学前专业学生构建幼儿科学探究活动设计的平台,从而有效提升学生的自然科学素养,为幼教事业输送高素质的人才 相似文献
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中学生科学探究能力结构模型初探 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
科学探究是一种重要的教学方式,发展学生的科学探究能力是探究性学习的重要目标之一。近年来,国内外对探究学习和教学进行了广泛的研究,但是对学生的科学探究能力的研究还不是很多。为了更好地了解学生的科学探究能力的发展水平和规律,以便测量和评价学生的科学探究能力,我们探讨了科学探究能力的定义及其特点,构建了科学探究能力的结构模型,并分析了模型的特征即其整体性、静态性、动态性和自调性,提出了科学探究能力的主要指标。 相似文献
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根据科学探究的课堂基本特征和已有评价体系来建立物理教师自行评价等级,对职前教师和在职教师进行科学探究实施能力调查和比较研究,从而了解他们科学探究实施能力的差异和问题。为高等师范院校改进物理教师教育提供依据。 相似文献
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Mindy Blaise 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2016,37(5):617-626
ABSTRACTThis article is based on uncanny encounters with Julia deVille's exhibit, Phantasmagoria. Inspired by Deleuzian-informed research practices, the author experiments with provoking practices to defy dominant developmental notions of childhood. This article reworks a humanist ontology by bringing together the discursive, the material, the human, and the more-than-human through the interweaving of provocations and encounters. Enacting an experimental and performative methodology, the reader's movement through the article mimics the journey through an exhibition and the storm of thought and feeling that art can provoke. These provocations set into motion meanings about childhood that sit outside of developmentalism and are rarely entertained in the field of early childhood education. 相似文献
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探究教学是20世纪60年代提出的,其核心是使学生通过类似科学家的探究过程理解科学概念和科学探究的本质,培养科学探究能力.美国几十年的科学教育实践表明,探究教学有着明显的优势,但实践起来困难重重.本文分析了探究教学的优势与弊端,以及科学探究的基本特征,并针对我国的科学教育实际提出了一些建议. 相似文献
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Having students inspect and use each other's work is a promising way to advance inquiry-based science learning. Research has nevertheless shown that additional guidance is needed for students to take full advantage of the work produced by their peers. The present study investigated whether scaffolding through an integrated support tool could bring about the desired effect. This tool was embedded in an online inquiry learning environment and outlined the steps in searching for information in peer-created concept maps. It also contained specific directions to assess the quality of the retrieved information. The effectiveness of this search guidance tool was investigated during an inquiry-based science project. Main results indicated that high school students who were supported by the tool (n?=?19) developed a more differentiated and interconnected conceptual understanding than students who did not receive this scaffold (n?=?23). However, the search guidance tool also seemed to put additional demands on students' self-regulatory abilities, and might therefore require some practice or regulatory support to reach its full potential. 相似文献
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Judith Lederman Norman Lederman Selina Bartels Juan Jimenez Mark Akubo Shereen Aly Chengcheng Bao Estelle Blanquet Ron Blonder Mariana Bologna Soares de Andrade Catherine Buntting Mustafa Cakir Heba EL-Deghaidy Ahmed ElZorkani Estelle Gaigher Shuchen Guo Arvi Hakanen Soraya Hamed Al-Lal Cigdem Han-Tosunoglu Annemarie Hattingh Anne Hume Serhat Irez Gillian Kay Ozgur Kivilcan Dogan Kerstin Kremer Pi-Chu Kuo Jari Lavonen Shu-Fen Lin Cheng Liu Enshan Liu Shiang-Yao Liu Bin Lv Rachel Mamlok-Naaman Christine McDonald Irene Neumann Yaozhen Pan Eric Picholle Ana Rivero García Carl-Johan Rundgren David Santibáñez-Gómez Kathy Saunders Renee Schwartz Frauke Voitle Jakob von Gyllenpalm Fangbing Wei Jocelyn Wishart Zhifeng Wu Huang Xiao Yalcin Yalaki Qiaoxue Zhou 《科学教学研究杂志》2019,56(4):486-515
Although understandings of scientific inquiry (as opposed to conducting inquiry) are included in science education reform documents around the world, little is known about what students have learned about inquiry during their elementary school years. This is partially due to the lack of any assessment instrument to measure understandings about scientific inquiry. However, a valid and reliable assessment has recently been developed and published, Views About Scientific Inquiry (VASI; Lederman et al. [2014], Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 51, 65–83). The purpose of this large-scale international project was to collect the first baseline data on what beginning middle school students have learned about scientific inquiry during their elementary school years. Eighteen countries/regions spanning six continents including 2,634 students participated in the study. The participating countries/regions were: Australia, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, England, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Mainland China, New Zealand, Nigeria, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, and the United States. In many countries, science is not formally taught until middle school, which is the rationale for choosing seventh grade students for this investigation. This baseline data will simultaneously provide information on what, if anything, students learn about inquiry in elementary school, as well as their beginning knowledge as they enter secondary school. It is important to note that collecting data from all of the approximately 200 countries globally was not humanly possible, and it was also not possible to collect data from every region of each country. The results overwhelmingly show that students around the world at the beginning of grade seven have very little understandings about scientific inquiry. Some countries do show reasonable understandings in certain aspects but the overall picture of understandings of scientific inquiry is not what is hoped for after completing 6 years of elementary education in any country. 相似文献
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王慧君 《河南科技学院学报》2010,(11):81-84
科学探究不单是实验探究,它不仅具有外显的可操作的实践性特征,更伴随着内隐的深刻的思维活动过程,即具有思维活动的认识性特征。科学探究的本质特征在于：科学探究是探究者在对未知领域进行认知时的一种有效的认识和实践方式;科学探究过程是一个知识建构过程;科学探究离不开科学思维。 相似文献
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Asmalina Saleh Chen Yuxin Cindy E. Hmelo-Silver Krista D. Glazewski Bradford W. Mott James C. Lester 《科学教学研究杂志》2020,57(9):1490-1518
Collaborative inquiry learning affords educators a context within which to support understanding of scientific practices, disciplinary core ideas, and crosscutting concepts. One approach to supporting collaborative science inquiry is through problem-based learning (PBL). However, there are two key challenges in scaffolding collaborative inquiry learning in technology rich environments. First, it is unclear how we might understand the impact of scaffolds that address multiple functions (e.g., to support inquiry and argumentation). Second, scaffolds take different forms, further complicating how to coordinate the forms and functions of scaffolds to support effective collaborative inquiry. To address these issues, we identify two functions that needed to be scaffolded, the PBL inquiry cycle and accountable talk. We then designed predefined hard scaffolds and just-in-time soft scaffolds that target the regulation of collaborative inquiry processes and accountable talk. Drawing on a mixed method approach, we examine how middle school students from a rural school engaged with Crystal Island: EcoJourneys for two weeks (N=45). Findings indicate that hard scaffolds targeting the PBL inquiry process and soft scaffolds that targeted accountable talk fostered engagement in these processes. Although the one-to-one mapping between form and function generated positive results, additional soft scaffolds were also needed for effective engagement in collaborative inquiry and that these soft scaffolds were often contingent on hard scaffolds. Our findings have implications for how we might design the form of scaffolds across multiple functions in game-based learning environments. 相似文献
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美国ICAN探究教学培训项目旨在加强中小学教师关于科学探究和科学本质教学的专业化发展,本文对该项目培训前后的教师的观念和教学行为进行了实证调查,以此评价该项目的实施效果,并反思了我国中小学教师探究教学培训的相关问题。 相似文献
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Koen Veermans Ton de Jong Wouter R. van Joolingen 《Interactive Learning Environments》2013,21(3):229-255
Providing learners with computer-generated feedback on their learning process in simulation-based discovery environments cannot be based on a detailed model of the learning process due to the “open” character of discovery learning. This paper describes a method for generating adaptive feedback for discovery learning based on an “opportunistic” learning model that takes the current hypothesis of the learner and the experiments performed to test this hypothesis as input. The method was applied in a simulation–based learning environment in the physics domain of collisions. Additionally, the method was compared to an environment in which subjects received predefined feedback on their hypotheses, not taking the experimentation behavior into account. Results showed that overall both groups did not differ on knowledge acquired. A further analysis indicated that, in their learning processes, the learners in the experimental condition built upon their intuitive knowledge base, whereas the learners in the control condition built upon their conceptual knowledge base. In addition, measures of the learning process showed that the subjects in the experimental condition adopted a more inquiry-based learning strategy compared to the subjects in the control condition. We concluded, therefore, that providing learners with adaptive feedback had a different and beneficial effect on the learning process compared to more traditional predefined feedback. 相似文献
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《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(10):1045-1059
The ‘community of inquiry’ as formulated by C. S. Peirce is grounded in the notion of communities of discipline‐based inquiry engaged in the construction of knowledge. The phrase ‘transforming the classroom into a community of inquiry’ is commonly understood as a pedagogical activity with a philosophical focus to guide classroom discussion. But it has a broader application. Integral to the method of the community of inquiry is the ability of the classroom teacher to actively engage in the theories and practices of discipline‐based communities of inquiry so as to become informed by the norms of the disciplines, not only to aspire to competence within the disciplines, but also to develop habits of self‐correction for reconstructing those same norms when faced with novel problems and solutions, including those in the classroom. This has implications for science education and the role of educational philosophy in developing students' ability to think scientifically. But it also has broader implications for thinking critically within all key learning areas. Here we concentrate on science education. We present the parallels between philosophical inquiry and scientific inquiry that need to be realised to promote and engage with scientific inquiry in the classroom. We also discuss the conflicts between philosophical inquiry and the way inquiry science in the classroom is portrayed in the education literature. Based on philosophical and historical perceptions of science as inquiry, a practical approach to implementation of scientific inquiry in the science classroom is presented. 相似文献