公民政治参与空间的转换与协商民主

西方现代民主缘于代议制的“少数人统治”而陷入困境,面临扩大公民政治参与的主题变迁,其变迁的总体路径就是通过公民政治参与空间的转换即协商民主来寻求民主发展的突破。基于中国现实考量,协商民主之于中国民主政治发展的价值内核是党群协商,其意义在于通过执政党与群众的直接对话与协商,将政治参与的主体从社会经济精英扩展为人民大众。     

合肥协商民主运作机制研究

改革开放以来,社会主义市场经济不断发展,社会结构分化加剧,利益主体日益的多元化,人民参与政治、表达利益诉求的要求日益增多。协商民主成为我国发展社会主义民主政治的重要路径选择。在对现行协商民主运作机制的主要内容、具体程序进行阐释与分析的基础上,针对存在的问题,就如何优化协商式民主运作机制提出了几点对策：发展协商文化,提升协商环境;进一步明确协商民主的规范与程序;完善协商民主评价监督机制。     

协商民主与当代中国民主政治建设

协商民主是20世纪90年代在西方政治学界兴起的一种民主理论。协商民主理论其是反映人类社会政治发展一般规律的政治理论,应为我国的民主政治建设所借鉴。     

浅析协商民主的当代价值

西方协商民主理论,顺应了西方政治社会现实下对民主政治发展的要求和呼唤。我国社会主义民主政治发展的现实背景同样期待协商民主。为加快推进中国特色社会主义民主政治建设,要大力发展中国特色协商民主。     

协商民主理论与中国民主政治发展

从"结构─功能主义"视角来看,协商民主理论对于中国民主政治发展具有积极的推动作用:首先它能推进政治结构分化,提升政治主体能力;其次是扩大公民有序参与,再造政治运行过程;再次是有利于提升公共政策理性,推动政治关系和谐.与之相应,协商民主理论对中国政治发展也存在至少三个漏洞:在结构上,可能被借用为政府扩张的动因;在过程上,可能被稀释为无果而终的对话;在政策上,异质为"强势集团"为自身争取政策利益的"白手套".要发挥协商民主理论对政治发展的促进作用,需要做到:盘活体制内的政治存量,提高政治主体协商职能,培育公民社会,促进社会协商"结构增长";通过"赋理协商"和"赋权协商",实现利益有效表达与利益综合的有效衔接;开放媒体和社会监督,建立健全协商制度程序.现实情况下,政治过程的各个环节中浸润协商理念比单纯地追求协商实践形式更加重要.     

协商民主涵义在中西方的比较

协商民主是20世纪末期西方政治学界兴起的一种新的民主理论范式,是在对自由主义民主和共和主义民主的批判吸收基础上发展起来的。协商民主理论传入中国,激起了中国政治学界对中国民主政治发展的反思与探索。协商民主制度激发了政治参与和公民自治,促进了不同文化间的理解,因此,仔细梳理西方协商民主理论家关于协商民主概念的论述,理清协商民主作为一个政治过程所应该具备的要素,对于我们正确认识西方的协商民主理论,吸取协商民主理论的精华来指导中国的民主政治建设,是有基础性意义的。     

选举式民主、协商式民主与人民政协

以中国人民代表大会制度为基础的选举式民主与以中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度为基础的协商式民主相结合是中国社会主义民主的重要特色。选举式民主与协商式民主这两种民主形式的结合有利于保持社会稳定,促进社会的和谐发展。人民政协作为中国协商政治发展的主体,是选举式民主的重要补充,是协商式民主的主要形式。     

协商政治:和谐社会建设中民主模式的再探索

协商政治在我国的发展有着丰富的历史传统资源和现实资源,并不完全等同于现代西方政治理论中的协商民主.协商政治在我国具有内生性,同时在现代社会又有着广泛的现实可取资源.它的发展是我国和谐社会建设的需求,是我国民主政治建设的一种模式.发展协商民主对于推进中国政治文明建设有着重要的意义并且在地方民主建设中已经有了很多实践,但是由理念变为体制还有很多困难要克服,可谓任重道远.     

协商民主与中国公共协商的前景

协商民主是一种由协商主体通过自由平等的公共协商参与决策的民主形式。目前,中国的民主政治发展已经进入了协商民主的主流话语阶段。相较于竞争性的选举民主,中国的执政者在价值偏好上更容易接受非竞争性的协商民主。当前中国的公共协商模式主要是公共权威主导的动员协商,虽然它契合了协商民主的精神和价值,但是离规范化的的协商民主还有一定距离。因此中国公共协商的前景就是要从公共权威主导的动员式协商走向公民主导的对话式协商。     

协商系统理论：西方协商民主的继替与提升

面对协商可行与民主理想间日益突出的张力,协商系统理论以更具包容性的系统视角来思考和矫正协商民主的“微观倾向”,成为西方第四代协商民主的标志。协商系统理论通过价值整合来突破精英协商的封闭性,从而有效吸纳普通公民的积极参与和新型平等观的建构;通过边界突破来拓展协商概念内涵和观念界限,以正式协商机构与公共场所的连接、正式与非正式协商方法的并用来牵引协商重心回归宏观场域;借助互动平台并运用多种方法,通过子系统间的分工合作与反复协商,使普通公民的声音和主张在不同场域间展开交流和互动,实现协商民主正当性与有效性的提升。协商系统理论不仅为协商民主适应复杂社会高速发展态势提供操作路径,更有助于将系统优势转化为治理效能,为现代社会的发展提供可行思路和方案。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…