Supervision provided to Indigenous Australian doctoral students: a black and white issue

The number of Indigenous Australians completing doctoral qualifications is disparately below their non-Indigenous contemporaries. Whilst there has been a steady increase in Indigenous completions in recent years, significant work remains to redress the imbalance. Supervision has been identified as a primary influencer of the likely success of Indigenous doctoral students, yet very little research has been undertaken in this area. This paper examines the experiences of 11 Indigenous Australians who hold a doctoral qualification. It also provides the experiences of five non-Indigenous supervisors who were an integral part of the supervision team of one of the successful doctoral graduates. A best-practice framework for supervision is offered as a guide for how supervisors, universities and national bodies can contribute to building the number of doctoral qualified Indigenous Australians.     

The distinction of excellent students in the Portuguese state school as a strategy of educational marketing accountability

Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability - The mechanisms of academic distinction of the best students, such as the Honours Boards of Excellence and Value, emerge in Portuguese state...     

The dissertation examination: identifying critical factors in the success of Indigenous Australian doctoral students

Indigenous Australians represent 2.2% of the working age population, yet account for only 1.4% of all university enrolments. In relation to higher degree research students, Indigenous Australians account for 1.1% of enrolments, but only 0.8% of all higher degree research completions. This paper reports on findings that emerged from an Australian Research Council-funded study which aimed to establish a model of best practice for the supervision of Indigenous doctoral students. The project identified the dissertation examination as one of the critical factors underpinning the success of doctoral candidates. Whilst research into the examination process for doctoral students is limited, the research that specifically explores the examination of dissertations submitted by Indigenous students is entirely inadequate. Our research identified key epistemological concerns that impact approaches to the examination process, to demonstrate how the dominance of Western methods of research impact the examination process for Indigenous doctoral students. This paper explores the experiences of 50 successful Indigenous Australian doctors with a specific focus on their examiner preference and disciplinary requirements. It highlights the limitations that some Indigenous students and their supervisors experience in finding an appropriate examiner.     

How do tutors use data to support their students?

ABSTRACT

Despite widespread enthusiasm, evidence of the effectiveness of learning analytics remains mixed. One possible explanation for this is that insufficient attention has been paid to the contexts in which it is introduced. We report here on a small-scale study into the prior use of data and communications technologies by tutors, who comprise a key user group in The Open University’s tuition model. Tutors interviewed reported using a complex set of data sources and information tools, and creating local/personal tools and methods for keeping track of students and their interactions with them.     

面向对象的教育模式研究

本着世间一切事物都是类的对象，世界上类的对象都存在于同一个类空间的原则，文章在阐述面向对象教育观点的同时力图用面向对象的理论来指导教学模式改革。存在于同一个类空间的各个类对象之间是平等的关系，各类对象之间通过消息机制协同工作来共同完成某项任务。理解和掌握面向对象的教育模式OOEM(Object Oriented Education Mode)并来指导教育工作，将有助于营造一个开放的、个性化的教育环境，有利于提高工作效率并促进生产力的发展。     

课堂教学要设法让学生注意力集中

注意力是一个人获取外部信息所必须具有的能力。学生注意力涉及授课的成败。为了让学生注意力集中在学习上 ,我在教学实践中就这方面做了些探索。一、变换方法 ,让学生上课后迅速集中注意力。打铃后一两分钟 ,总会有些学生嬉闹着走进教室。耍兴未尽 ,坐下后还要侧身转首 ,交头接耳 ,然后才慢慢翻书、提笔。不只耽搁自己的时间 ,也影响其他同学的注意力。为了上课后让学生迅速集中注意力 ,我或者让科代表安排某个善讲幽默故事的同学 ,利用讲课前三分钟给大家讲个幽默故事 ;或者让各小组的同学轮流在黑板上默写课文里的诗句 ,其他同学对照检查…     

Cognitive processes related to counting in students with special educational needs

This study is aimed at the mechanisms used by students with an intellectual disability in the counting process. The assessment of the counting process is carried out through experimental tests inspired by the basic principles of Gelman and Gallistel, namely one‐to‐one, stable order, cardinality, abstraction and order irrelevance. This is a comparative study of participants with a developmental age of between 4 and 5 years, in two populations: a group of students with intellectual disability attending special education (SEN) schools, with chronological ages of between 8 and 12 years,whose developmental age was determined by the Cambrodí Dimensional Method, and another group of students without intellectual disability attending mainstream schools (MS). The data do not show significant differences between the one‐to‐one and stable order principles with respect to the variables MS and SEN, while significant differences are demonstrated for the principles of cardinality, abstraction and order irrelevance.     

基于粗糙集的数据推理在教学实习管理中的应用

粗糙集理论作为智能信息处理技术的一个新成果．提供了一种对不确定、不完整数据进行分析的新方法．是现今计算机应用中一个新的非常重要且发展迅速的研究和应用领域．在知识发现、数据约简、决策支持、分类、模式识别和控制等领域中特别有效。本文首先对粗糙集基本概念和理论进行了介绍．给出了基于粗糙集的数据约简和决策支持方法。然后对实习学生教学情况初始评价表进行推理，获取了一些指导规则。这些在对实习学生的指导过程中有非常重要的作用。     

Parental perspectives on educational programmes for students with high support needs

This paper presents the outcomes of interviews with 29 parents of school-aged students with high support needs, centred on aspects of educational programming and service delivery. The aim of the study was to better understand the views and experiences of parents in relation to priority curriculum areas, programme development, perspectives on integration and socialization, and factors that support student alertness and engagement. This is an area that has received little attention to date in the literature.     

Inferential statistics and the use of administrative data in US educational research

While the use of inferential statistics is a nearly universal practice in the social sciences, there are instances where its application is unnecessary and potentially misleading. This is true for a portion of research using administrative data in educational research in the United States. Surveying all research articles using administrative data published in Educational Researcher and American Educational Research Journal between 2011 and 2013, we find that over half use inferential techniques to help interpret results despite the use of population data. To the extent that these practices and findings are replicated and interpreted in the United States and elsewhere, this can lead to the undervaluing of potentially meaningful patterns and trends.     

学术型硕士研究生教育管理体系的研究

本研究尝试将ISO9000质量管理体系的基本理念和原则应用于学术型硕士研究生的培养中。针对目前存在的问题,建立科学、严谨、有效的学术型硕士研究生高校内部教育质量保证体系,以适应研究生教育发展对教育质量保证的需要,推动学术型硕士研究生教育健康发展。通过体系的建设使教学的理念由"重视结果"转过"过程控制",为研究生教育管理和质量追求提供可借鉴的样本。     

Effects of inclusion on students with and without special educational needs reviewed

In many countries, education policies are shifting towards inclusive education. Human rights have always been an important argument for this development, but the effects on students should be an important factor when designing policies. In this review, therefore, literature on the effects of inclusion on both students with and without special educational needs is described. The review covers not only effects on cognitive development, but also socio-emotional effects. In general, the results show neutral to positive effects of inclusive education. The academic achievement of students with and without special educational needs seems to be comparable to non-inclusive classes or even better in inclusive classes. However, there may be some differential effects for high- and low-achieving students without special educational needs. Regarding social effects, children with special educational needs seem to have a less favourable social position than children without special educational needs.     

Assessment of metacognitive knowledge in students with special educational needs

This study investigated whether and, if so, how metacognitive knowledge can be assessed validly in students with special educational needs in a large-scale assessment like the German National Educational Panel Study. In total, 804 sixth-grade students including both regular school students attending the lowest track of secondary education (Hauptschule) and students with special educational needs in learning participated in the study. A scenario-based test of metacognitive knowledge focusing primarily on different aspects of strategy knowledge was implemented. In order to investigate optimal testing conditions, two conditions that varied in terms of administration mode were compared: autonomous reading as in regular test settings and a read-aloud condition. Reading speed and reasoning abilities were assessed as control variables. As expected, regular school students outperformed students with special educational needs in the metacognitive knowledge test. In addition, higher correlations between metacognitive knowledge and reading speed emerged in the autonomous reading condition compared to the read-aloud condition. Contrary to our expectations, a differential boost due to the testing accommodation of reading aloud was, however, only observed in regular students but not in students with special educational needs. The results are discussed with regard to educational and assessment-relevant approaches.     

The educational experiences of Australian high school dropouts who return to school

This research examines the experiences of Australian high school dropouts once they have re‐entered high school. Using a survey in three Australian states of 1,233 re‐enterers aged 15 to 24 years it examines their enrolment process, their educational experiences, their difficulties and concerns, and their perceptions of services provided in the new educational institution they re‐enter. The data show that the majority of re‐enterers are enrolled in innovative high schools. Almost half are enrolled in Grade 12, are full‐time and attend day classes only. They are most frequently enrolled in four to six subjects; English, Maths and Science are the most popular. Reentry students generally hold quite positive attitudes to existing forms of assessment and credentials, and hold moderately positive attitudes towards their institution. Most re‐entry students believe they are working hard and performing well, and are confident of future success in their studies. They believe that their institution is supportive of their attempts to return to study, and regard their institution's services and facilities as good, rather than excellent. Implications are discussed for the quality of re‐entry students’ educational experience aimed at optimizing their satisfaction, performance and persistence     

浅议大学生榜样教育应遵循的原则

为了应对当代大学生榜样教育效果弱化的现状,榜样教育应该遵循层次性、真实性、培育性和时代性的原则,从而有利于大学生榜样教育达到最佳的效果。     

试论基于教育服务的高校校生关系

随着市场经济体制的建立,高等教育体制改革的不断深化,高校校生关系发生了极为深刻的变化,现阶段我国高校校生关系呈现着行政关系、民事关系、民事关系与行政关系同时并存的多重关系的局面.适应校生关系这种由行政关系向民事关系的转变,高校应树立教育服务办学理念,增强教育服务消费意识:改革教育教学管理体制,逐步推行学分制:不断优化教育服务供给体系,提高求学者满意度:尊重学生市场主体地位,维护受教育者合法权益.     

The early academic progress of children with special educational needs

Children with special educational needs (SEN) are known to experience lower average educational attainment than other children during their school years. But we have less insight into how far their poorer educational outcomes stem from their original starting points or from failure to progress during school. The extent to which early identification with SEN delivers support that enables children who are struggling academically to make appropriate progress is subject to debate. This is complicated by the fact that children with SEN are more likely to be growing up in disadvantaged families and face greater levels of behavioural and peer problems, factors which themselves impact attainment and progress through school. In this paper, we evaluate the academic progress of children with SEN in England, drawing on a large‐scale nationally representative longitudinal UK study, the Millennium Cohort Study, linked to administrative records of pupil attainment. Controlling for key child, family and environmental factors, and using the SEN categories employed at the time of data collection, we first establish that children identified with SEN in 2008, when they were age 7, had been assessed with lower academic competence when they started school. We evaluate their progress between ages 5–7 and 7–11. We found that children identified with SEN at age 7 tended to be those who had made less progress between ages 5 and 7 than their comparable peers. However, children with SEN continued to make less progress than their similarly able peers between ages 7 and 11. Implications are discussed.