试论创造实践在创造教育中的重要性

本从波兰尼的言传知识和意会知识理论，创造理论和方法的层次结构性，发达国家创造教育的经验三个方面，论述了创造实践在创造教育中的重要性。     

论高校旅游管理专业理论建构的教学实现

知识建构论本文针对当前高校旅游管理专业理论教学现状,应用知识建构论及其教学理念,提出了重构体系化教材内容、促进非结构性知识的积极转换、还原旅游概念和理论的社会文化情境、师生协作,探究学习等理念和措施,改革旅游管理专业的理论教学。     

任务驱动式教学方法的特点及过程设计

一、引言任务驱动式教学方法是一种建立在建构主义学习理论基础上的教学方法,它将传授知识为主的传统教学,转变为以解决问题、完成任务为主的多维互动式的教学。任务驱动式教学方法符合人类认知规律,注重以学生为主体,在培养学生的专业能力的同时,也提高了学生的通用能力。建构主义学习理论的代表人物是美国心理学家威特罗克。理论的基本思想是:学习是学习者主动构建内部心理结构的过程,它不仅包括结构性的知识,也包括大量的非结构性的经验背景。建构主义学习理论提倡的学习方法是在教师指导下,以学生为中心的学习。学生是知识意义的主动建…     

后现代知识观与现代大学制度的变革

现代大学制度合法性的理论前提是现代知识观的存在。后现代知识观的兴起对现代大学制度产生了深刻的影响,现代大学制度的核心内容开始发生结构性的变革。探讨后现代知识观对现代大学制度的影响,为探讨现代大学制度变革提供了一个崭新的视角。     

从建构主义学习理论谈“自主学习”教学模式的构建

建构主义学习理论最早是由瑞士心理学家皮亚杰提出的,后经多位教育心理学家进一步研究,使其理论得到丰富和完善,并完全应用于教学过程。其理论对深入实施素质教育,构建主体教育教学模式有重要的指导意义。建构主义学习理论与启示建构主义学习理论认为：学习是学习者主动地建构内部心理表征的过程,它不仅包括结构性的知识,而且包括在具体情境中形成的大量的非结构性的经验背景。学习者在一定情境中借助他人帮助,利用必要的学习资料,通过意义建构来获取知识,掌握解决问题的程序和方法,优化完善认知结构,获得自身发展。建构主义学习…     

改革数学辞书编写方式的一次尝试——介绍《中学数学基础知识手册》

本文分析了当前数学辞书编写方式上的一些问题;提出了编写数学辞书时应遵循结构性、多效性、简明性与稳定性四条原则;介绍了新近出版的《中学数学基础知识手册》的编写概况;并从掌握知识整体、编结知识网络、进行知识对比及建立记忆图式四方面论述了这本手册所特有的“知识平面图”作用。     

从结构到非结构——布鲁纳知识观的嬗变

从<教育的过程>到<教育的文化>,布鲁纳的知识观也由结构性转向非结构性.有学者认为,布鲁纳后期的知识观陷入了相对主义的泥潭.本文分析了布鲁纳这两种知识观的主要内涵,挖掘了后期知识观与前期知识观的联系,从而驳斥了这种观点.     

个体知识视阈下在职教育硕士 学位论文质量的提升

学位论文质量是在职教育硕士培养质量的重要标识。从波兰尼个体知识理论出发,学位论文作为研究生个体知识的外化成果,研究生个体知识是影响其质量的内在因素。目前,在职教育硕士研究生个体知识存在着结构性问题,即教育理论知识的浅表化和片段化、教育科研知识的非规范化、学位论文规范表述知识的缺失,上述问题是影响在职教育硕士学位论文质量的根本原因。多因素聚合导致在职教育硕士研究生个体知识结构性问题的存在。针对上述问题及成因,采取有效措施,优化研究生及其指导教师个体知识,为在职教育硕士学位论文质量提升提供根本保障。     

演绎自主学习,探究灵动课堂

<正>建构主义学习理论认为:"学习是学习者主动建构结构性知识和非结构性经验背景的内部心理表征的过程。学习者在一定情境中借助他人帮助,利用必要的学习资料进行意义建构,获取知识,掌握解决问题的程序和方法,优化完整认知结构,获得自身发展。"自主学习探究法以建构主义学习理论为指导,探寻"以学生发展为本"的"自主、合作、探究"式课堂教学,探究学生自主获取知识的过程,达到学会求知与创造、主动发展、培养个性的目的,发展学生的创新精神和实     

图式理论对高中英语阅读教学的启示

一、图式阅读理论图式理论是阅读的相互作用理论的主要代表。所谓图式,就是读者头脑中已有的结构性知识或知识单元：是读者过去获取的知识在大脑中的储存方式和呈现;是用已有知识对新信息进行加工和处理的过程：也是丰富和完善学习者知识库的过程。尤其是图式具有帮助读者通过推理,重构课文信息的作用。     

新课程下中学物理教师的知识结构

随着新课程的实施,教师要适应新的教育改革与发展,其知识结构有待进一步优化和建构。本文讨论了知识结构的定义和几种常见模型,结合中学物理教师的职业特点和教育改革的需要,探讨了物理教师"π"型知识结构的组成及其特点。     

建构主义的学习与教学观要义评析

建构主义认为学习的本质是个体积极主动的建构过程，学习的内容不仅包括结构性知识，而且包括非结构性知识。教学的目标与任务是发展学生的主体性，教学过程中强调教学的理解性、重视活动与主体交往、重视教学情境的构建，可资选择的教学模式有认知学徒教学模式、问题解决教学模式、交互式教学模式、抛描式教学模式、随机通达教学模式。这种学习与教学观重视个本的建构潜能，强调建构性，建构性是主体的内在依据，这为我们如何培养与发展学生的主体性提供了新的视野和思维空间，为主体性教育教学提供了理论依据。     

会计电算化教学改革探析

文章分析了会计电算化教育的目标及会计电算化人员应具备的知识结构，提出会计电算化教学改革应做到两个渗透、两个“不断线”和一个结合。     

图式对礼仪祝辞类口译的影响——一项基于图式理论的实证研究

通过实验的方法来探讨图式与礼仪祝辞类口译成效之间的关系。结果表明：图式有助于提高礼仪祝辞口译的效果,其中结构图式能减轻译员的记忆负荷,背景知识图式方便于口译员预测下文内容和语言信息,语言图式则使译员的表达更为顺畅。要提高口译效果,学员要建立与激活尽可能多的结构图式、背景知识图式和语言图式。     

Measuring learning in serious games: a case study with structural assessment

The effectiveness of serious games is often measured with verbal assessment. As an alternative we propose Pathfinder structural assessment (defined as measuring the learners’ knowledge organization and compare this with a referent structure) which comprises three steps: knowledge elicitation, knowledge representation and knowledge evaluation. We discuss practical and theoretical considerations for the use of structural assessment and showcase its application with the game Code Red: Triage. Results suggest that structural assessment measures an individual’s understanding of a domain at least differently from verbal assessment. While verbal assessment may provide a more nuanced picture regarding declarative and procedural knowledge, structural assessment may add an in-depth understanding of the concepts that are regarded important in a domain. In the Discussion we propose four guidelines to effectively use structural assessment in serious games: (1) Determine the appropriateness of the domain for structural assessment, (2) select an appropriate referent for the target group(s), (3) select the number of concepts needed for structural assessment, and (4) consider the analysis of the graphical knowledge representations to obtain in-depth information about the quality of the knowledge structures.     

PCK--使教学最有效的知识

PCK是学科教学知识(Pedagogical Content Knowledge)的简称,是教师知识范畴中使教学最有效的知识。本文介绍了国外开展PCK研究的背景,PCK的内涵,PCK中整合的各种成分以及它的结构模型和检测的方法等,指出我国教师教育者应该重视PCK。     

Aggregating concept map data to investigate the knowledge of beginning CS students

Concept maps have a long history in educational settings as a tool for teaching, learning, and assessing. As an assessment tool, they are predominantly used to extract the structural configuration of learners’ knowledge. This article presents an investigation of the knowledge structures of a large group of beginning CS students. The investigation is based on a method that collects, aggregates, and automatically analyzes the concept maps of a group of learners as a whole, to identify common structural configurations and differences in the learners’ knowledge. It shows that those students who have attended CS education in their secondary school life have, on average, configured their knowledge about typical core CS/OOP concepts differently. Also, artifacts of their particular CS curriculum are visible in their externalized knowledge. The data structures and analysis methods necessary for working with concept landscapes have been implemented as a GNU R package that is freely available.     

Learning to Cook: Production Learning Environment in Kitchens

Learning in workplaces is neither ad hoc nor informal. Such labels are a misnomer and do not do justice to the highly-structured nature and complexity of many workplaces where learning takes place. This article discusses the organisational and structural framework developed from a three-year doctoral study into how apprentice chefs construct their knowledge and skill in moving from a novice to a more experienced chef. The processes of knowledge and skill construction were as much aided by the indirect guidance of the production environments of the kitchens as by the direct guidance of the chefs. It is through the space, tempo, routines, hierarchy and workflow of a kitchen, comprising the organisational and structural framework, that many of the opportunities to construct knowledge and skill reside for the apprentices.     

Influential Factors for Teachers' Creativity: Mutual Impacts of Leadership,Work Engagement,and Knowledge Creation Practices

This research examined the structural relationships among transformational leadership, work engagement, knowledge creation practices, and the level of creativity among the teachers in career and technical education (CTE), and investigated the mediating role of work engagement and knowledge creation practices in explaining the association between transformational leadership and the level of teachers' creativity. A total of 304 responses from CTE school teachers were analyzed. The structural equation modeling (SEM) method was employed. Transformational leadership was found to have positive impacts on work engagement and knowledge creation practices of teachers, but no direct relationship was found between transformational leadership and the level of teachers' creativity. Teachers' work engagement and knowledge creation practices were respectively associated with their perceived creativity levels. Therefore, work engagement and knowledge creation practices of teachers may be considered as mediating factors in the relationship between transformational leadership and teacher's creativity. To promote teachers' creativity, transformational leadership should be complemented by a school climate where teachers' work engagement and knowledge creation are encouraged.     

Efficacy of the indirect approach for estimating structural equation models with missing data: A comparison of five methods

Incomplete or missing data are routinely encountered in structural equation problems. Although current literature supports the use of a direct approach for modeling the missing values in a structural equation model, many situations are not applicable for the effective use of this approach. This leaves the use of an indirect approach for dealing with missing information. There is a general lack of knowledge regarding the efficacy of the use of the indirect approach in structural equation modeling. This article assesses the efficacy of five indirect methods for estimating parameters in a structural equation model with various levels of missing data.