“You have betrayed us for a little dirty money!” The Prague Spring as seen by primary school teachers

This study focuses on the everyday operation of primary schools in Czechoslovakia during the so-called Prague Spring and the subsequent communist political clampdown after the invasion by the Warsaw Pact forces. The authors focus primarily on the experiences of teachers, how events in this complex period affected their professional lives, and how the renewal of totalitarian power was reflected in their work. The research is based on oral history as a method which enabled us to acquire unique knowledge concerning the work and life of teachers in the period under study. Findings from extensive archival research are also an important part of the research. These show that during the Prague Spring, as in Czechoslovak society as a whole, the socio-political climate in primary schools relaxed and communist power weakened, as reflected both in school operation and in-class instruction. After the Warsaw Pact invasion in August 1968, the regime became stricter again in schools and elsewhere (similar to before the onset of the Prague Spring). This was manifested especially in the constant control of teachers’ activities during the Prague Spring, in their persecution, and through the increasing emphasis on ideological aspects of teacher training and pupil formation through instruction.     

发扬海大校训精神开创团学工作新篇

文章认为应该发扬海大校训精神,提倡要更广地拓展和深化海大的团学工作。     

福建船政学堂外籍师资队伍管理

福建船政学堂是最早一批聘用外籍教师的中国高等学校。面对鸦片战争后的剧烈社会变化,船政学堂大胆采用外籍师资来校授课,以期达到"师夷长技以制夷"的目的。船政学堂也在管理外籍教师的基础上,形成了一套完整的外籍教师管理体系。     

Adaptation in the transition to school: perspectives of parents,preschool and primary school teachers

Background: Transition to school is a highly demanding phase at an intellectual, social and emotional level and is, therefore, an opportunity for growth and development. Despite the greater emphasis given to school transition in Portugal over recent years, namely by means of new educational policies, studies on the adaptation processes involved in the transition to primary school are still scarce.

Purpose: The present qualitative study sets out to contribute to the knowledge on the adaptation process of children to school transition (around age 6) in Portugal, by comparing preschool teachers’, primary school teachers’, and parents’ perceptions about success indicators and relevant factors in the transition to school.

Design and method: In order to collect data, 14 focus group interviews with different participants were conducted, three with preschool teachers (N = 18), three with primary school teachers (N = 13), four with parents conducted before the child’s transition to primary school (N = 14) and four with parents conducted after the child’s transition to primary school (N = 20).

Results: While the preschool and primary school teachers stressed factors of a family nature, such as parental involvement and parental support of children, the parents referred more frequently to the overall running of the school and the characteristics and methodology of the teacher as being relevant to the adaptation process in the first year of primary education.

Conclusions: The findings suggest different factors associated with adaptation to school and also offer clues for designing strategies to facilitate such adaptation. New strategies are needed to facilitate the construction of a robust educational family–school partnership.     

西藏小学教育专业师范生教师口语教学模式初探

教师口语是一门培养学生教育教学语言能力的职业技能课程,是一门具有很强的实践性和人文性的课程,笔者现在一直从事教师口语的教学,就目前的教学实践来看,主要存在的问题有:教师口语课程与藏族师范生的实际相脱节,教师口语课程与西藏小学课堂相脱节,不同专业的教师口语课程开课时间都相同,这些将直接影响到教学效果,下面从以下方面进行初步探讨。     

Observing aggression of teachers in school teams

To fill the gap in theoretical and empirical knowledge on workplace aggression by teachers working in teams, this study explored its components, its targets, and its contextual determinants. Data were collected through three observations at different schools and at different times on 29 math, homeroom, language, and science studies teams. Qualitative analysis found the components of team teachers’ aggression to include obstructionist behaviors and expressions of hostility to colleagues. Determinants of the aggression such as injustice and sense of workload were identified. Theoretical and practical implications for the educational system and educational research are suggested. Principals are strongly encouraged to establish a school environment that promotes justice and reduces work overload. Educational leaders should create workshops for teachers coping with the negative effects of aggression and implement dispute resolution systems. New directions for research on teachers’ role in preventing aggression are offered.     

论师范院校教师的示范效应

根据时代的发展趋势以及师范院校对教师的要求来讲,教师必须要具备多方面的综合素质、综合能力,从教育教学活动中,逐渐养成教师良好的教学习惯。本文主要是从以下几个方面分析：目的性、方向性、原则性、人格魅力等多方面进行的。通过实现对这几个方面的教育教学,对示范院校内的受教育者彰显着深远的影响,并且实现终身的示范效应。     

Engaging school teachers and school principals in an action research in-service development as a means of pedagogical self-awareness

The European Commission has determined the following priorities to increase the quality of teacher training programmes in the European Union: ensuring that all teachers have access to the knowledge, attitudes and pedagogic skills they require to be effective; ensuring that provision for teachers’ education and professional development is coordinated, coherent and adequately resourced; promoting a culture of reflective practice and research among teachers; promoting the status and recognition of the teaching profession; and supporting the professionalization of teaching. In this context, the RELEASE project pursued the adaptation of the teachers’ in-service training programme in Cyprus to the teachers’ and schools’ needs. The project also aimed at the enhancement of the school principals’ pedagogic role in supporting teachers’ professional development, the promotion of teachers’ development at school and the acquisition of self-regulated learning skills. The present paper draws on the benefits of the action research procedure for teachers’ development and the changes revealed in the teachers’ discourse throughout the project as illustrated in their oral and written reflections. The discourse analysis of the teachers’ speech in different stages of the project indicates a movement from remoteness and distance to collaboration, participation, openness and exchange, and a movement from low trust in their own choices to reflection and self-confidence to make justified selections and act in alternative ways. The discussion of the project’s results attempts to distinguish the effective key components of this project, providing empirical evidence/support for the reflective paradigm of teacher development.     

Supporting primary school teachers in differentiating in the regular classroom

Many primary school teachers experience difficulties in effectively differentiating in the regular classroom. This study investigated the effect of the STIP-approach on teachers' differentiation activities and self-efficacy, and children's learning outcomes and instructional value. Teachers using the STIP-approach for their science lessons were compared to teachers using their regular programme. 16 teachers and 306 children were observed and received questionnaires at four different times. Results show that using the STIP-approach resulted in more differentiation in task, content, and process. Moreover, children of STIP-teachers who showed many types of differentiation activities learnt more than children of STIP-teachers who differentiated less.     

Teaching beliefs: a comparison between Italian primary and secondary school trainee teachers

This paper presents research which compares the teaching beliefs of primary and secondary school trainee teachers. Participants were 177 trainee teachers, 92 enrolled in a primary school teacher degree course, and 85 enrolled in a postgraduate teacher training course specifically for music teaching at secondary school level (middle and high school). A questionnaire was employed for assessing beliefs. By performing factor analysis, the following four dimensions were extracted: innovative teaching and cooperative learning, teacher-centred approach, learner-centred approach and working collaboratively. Data were subjected to analysis of variance for each factor of the questionnaire. Significant differences between primary and secondary trainee teachers in the way they think about music teaching were found. The relevance of these factors and differences was discussed in considering how to improve the education of teachers.     

中小学师资队伍综合化发展问题研究

中小学师资队伍的综合化发展。决定了群体培养的特殊性。即在组成方式、运行机制及管理形式方面形成独特品格，为中小学师资队伍综合化发展提供了客观依据。     

河南省中职学校健美操师资现状的调查与分析

文章采用问卷调查法、专家访谈法等对河南省中职学校健美操教师的各项状况进行了调查,通过对数据的处理,总结并分析了河南省中职健美操师资的现状,提出了在中职学校开设健美操专项课,提高师资后备力量的整体水平等建议。     

Inquiry-based science education: towards a pedagogical framework for primary school teachers

Inquiry-based science education (IBSE) has been promoted as an inspiring way of learning science by engaging pupils in designing and conducting their own scientific investigations. For primary school teachers, the open nature of IBSE poses challenges as they often lack experience in supporting their pupils during the different phases of an open IBSE project, such as formulating a research question and designing and conducting an investigation. The current study aims to meet these challenges by presenting a pedagogical framework in which four domains of scientific knowledge are addressed in seven phases of inquiry. The framework is based on video analyses of pedagogical interventions by primary school teachers participating in open IBSE projects. Our results show that teachers can guide their pupils successfully through the process of open inquiry by explicitly addressing the conceptual, epistemic, social and/or procedural domain of scientific knowledge in the subsequent phases of inquiry. The paper concludes by suggesting further research to validate our framework and to develop a pedagogy for primary school teachers to guide their pupils through the different phases of open inquiry.     

论高中化学教师教学反思能力的提升

教学反思能力是新时期高中教师的必备能力.建议通过以下方式提升高中化学教师的教学反思能力:变革培训方式,增强化学培训的学科针对性;增强教师对问题的敏感意识,提升教师捕捉关键问题的能力;做好文本叙事,促进教师对教学实践的深度反思;开展课例研修,以集体反思帮助教师改进教学行为.     

浅议福建省高中体育教师教学动机调查研究

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等研究方法,对福建省9地市191个高中体育教师进行问卷调查,结果表明:福建省高中体育教师教学动机由高到低依次是志愿动机、成就动机、情趣动机、安稳动机,不同性别、不同年龄高中体育教师教学动机不存在显著性差异,不同职称高中体育教师志愿动机存在显著性差异,参加不同级别培训的体育教师之间在情趣动机上存在高度显著性差异。     

升学压力下中学教师课外阅读调查研究

随着升学压力的不断加剧,应试竞争早已从小学阶段下移到了学前阶段,而中学阶段则是应试竞争的重灾区。为了更好地了解中学教师的读书现状,我们开展了教师读书情况的问卷调查,在此基础上,就如何提升教师读书风气提出相关建议。     

小学教师"三二分段"培养模式研究

本文探索"三二分段"小学教师培养模式,即通过综合化的课程设置,转变学生的学习方式,突出学生实践能力的训练,努力培养适应我国基础教育改革的专业化的小学教育新师资.     

大连市区小学教师需要状况的调查与思考

需要是一种重要的个性特征，需要的满足是否直接影响教师的工作积极性。本研究采用问卷调查和个别访谈相结合的方法，其目的是对小学教师的需要状况进行调查，为学校的有效管理提供理论依据。研究结果表明：小学教师有15种基本需要，这15种基本需要是有强度差异的；小学教师的需要有其独特的职业特点；随着时代的发展，小学教师的需要又具有鲜明的时代特征；小学教师的需要受性别、年龄、学校类型等因素的影响，表现出明显的个性差异。     

再论融合教育:普小教师眼中的"随班就读"

在中国 ,融合教育的主要安置形式是随班就读。本文使用开放式问卷 ,录音采访了大连市 1 1所普通小学的 2 3位班主任教师。研究的结果表明 :(一 )大连市的普小教师对特殊儿童随班就读基本上持接受态度 ,集中有近一半多的教师认为要视学生的残疾种类合程度来确定特殊儿童是否随班就读。(二 )在多数普小教师看来 ,特殊儿童与正常儿童之间的交往势必交顺利的 ,特殊儿童的社会融合经常出现在课外活动、集体活动、游戏的场合 ,而在课堂学习的情况下较难产生。 (三 )从社会融合的可利用资源中 ,社区、学校、家庭之间的相互支持、协作的桥梁并未建立起来。 (四 )普小教师对随班就读工作的建议是希望得到特殊教育知识的培训。