Institutional policy process improvement: using structurating activity theory to inform practice

Organizational communication scholars are increasingly called upon to use theoretical knowledge to address problematic processes in public institutions. This article reports a process improvement project focused on a university conflict of interest (COI) policy as an example of how scholars can engage theory to improve ongoing policy processes. The project team included communication scholars and research administration staff who designed, implemented, and evaluated the mixed-methods project guided by structurating activity theory. Baseline survey results were used to design the process improvement project. Results of the follow-up survey indicate that researchers who participated in some aspect of the process improvement project (i.e. attending a policy café, using the redesigned website, or reading the new Quick Reference Guide) reported higher levels of policy communication and knowledge and more positive attitudes toward the COI policy than researchers who had not engaged with process improvement efforts. We offer theoretical and practical implications of results for organizational communication scholars and practitioners.     

团队 技术 创新 ——清华大学图书馆参考咨询工作进展与思考

介绍近年来清华大学图书馆在参考咨询工作方面的实践与进展,包括参考咨询平台的应用与团队服务、值班日志制度、电子资源责任馆员制度、实时咨询服务转变、馆长咨询等,并结合本领域一些热点问题,例如Library2.0技术的应用、实时咨询服务发展的前景等,总结该馆的经验与思路,强调应结合本馆实际,积极而理性利用新技术创新参考咨询服务,最后提出需要进一步研究的问题,希望对同行有一定参考意义。     

基于ERG理论的企业导师知识共享管理策略研究

基于企业导师制及知识共享已有的文献,以“ERG理论”为分析框架,从生存安全、人际关系和成长发展动机三个方面,深入探析企业导师知识共享行为的影响因素,并提出相应的推进策略,以期为我国企业导师知识共享行为理论和实践提供有益的启示。     

Facilitators and barriers to the use of a structured hand-off: a pediatric hospital exploratory case study

Competent communication practices among healthcare providers are a key factor in maintaining patient safety during transfers of patient care. Research shows that the majority of errors in patient care are related to communication problems, and a majority occur during patient hand-offs. This project is a qualitative study exploring the facilitators and barriers of structured hand-off at a pediatric hospital. Our data analysis indicates that while the hand-off process is facilitated by structure, clarity, and adequate time, it is hindered by lack of time, distractions, human factors, and a number of social and organizational factors that complicate physicians’ roles. Using structurating activity theory (SAT) to frame findings, analysis points to a structural tension between worker autonomy and organizational control as the primary cause of poor adherence to structured hand-off among pediatric residents. We draw on constructs of SAT to identify practical strategies for managing this contradiction at a system level.     

图书馆如何制定知识共享战略

在简要明确图书馆知识共享战略含义的基础上,指出图书馆知识共享需要战略的原因,分析图书馆知识共享战略提出的现实背景。图书馆知识共享战略的核心在于确定图书馆知识共享的方向、目标和计划;制定图书馆知识共享战略需要遵循两个基本法则：独特法则和简单化法则;确定图书馆知识共享方向,一要清晰;二要正确。最后提出图书馆知识共享目标确定的注意事项以及图书馆知识共享计划制定的步骤。     

国内外组织内部知识共享影响因素研究综述

知识共享是知识管理理论中的重要组成部分。近年来,关于知识共享影响因素的研究已成为学术界热点。按照普遍观点,知识共享的影响因素主要分为知识共享主体(知识)、知识共享客体(知识源和接受者)与知识共享情境3个方面。目前,在对组织内部知识共享影响因素的研究上,国内外学者在理论研究与实证研究方面都取得了丰富成果,推动着知识共享理论向纵深发展。     

团队性激励与知识共享——基于期望理论的理论分析

针对团队性激励与知识共享关系研究的不足,基于期望理论,首先构建团队性激励与知识共享关系的概念模型,接着深入剖析团队性激励对知识共享的作用机理,并提出相关假设。最后,从增强激励强度和提升公平程度两个方面提出促进知识共享的团队性激励机制的优化策略。     

R&D创新活动中知识共享的四螺旋模型研究

介绍随着我国R&D投入和产出规模的不断扩大,加快知识共享意义重大。考虑到公共科技中介服务机构在知识共享与知识创新中的作用,对传统的三螺旋模型进行拓展,构建“政府-企业-大学科研院所-公共科技中介机构”的知识共享四螺旋结构模型,并提出四螺旋结构互动的相关对策。     

论高校图书馆隐性知识转移

高校图书馆隐性知识转移的内涵有经验层面、服务层面、学科层面、管理层面等内容,转移的方式主要有对话式、定制式、交换式、共享式等。     

基于社会资本理论的网络社区知识共享影响因素研究

运用社会资本理论从结构、关系、认知三个维度分析网络社区中影响成员知识共享的主要因素。从信息技术的推进、学习动机的生成、激励机制的完善和协作文化的培养四个方面阐述促进网络社区群体成员知识共享的策略。     

图书馆隐性知识共享的障碍及对策研究

通过对隐性知识和图书馆隐性知识及隐性知识共享的障碍分析。提出了图书馆隐性知识共享的时策。     

组织内非正式网络中心性对隐性知识共享的影响研究

针对广泛存在于各种类型组织内的非正式网络,对非正式网络进行界定,阐述其与正式网络之间的关系,并从网络中心性的角度分别探讨非正式网络点度中心性、中介中心性和接近中心性对组织内隐性知识共享的影响。最后以一家高新技术企业研发部门内的非正式网络为例,利用社会网络分析方法对非正式网络中心性对组织内隐性知识共享的影响进行实证研究。     

联盟合作中知识共享风险及防范策略研究

针对联盟合作中知识共享与保护之间的矛盾,从交易成本论、企业能力论和社会资本论对风险产生的根源进行考察,指出组织特性、知识特性和知识产权保护环境三个主要原因。知识共享风险是不可避免的,从产权、控制与交流三个方面探讨防范策略,知识产权策略包括专利保护、商业秘密保护和新生知识保护,知识控制强调对人员和过程的控制,知识交流体现为公开、分层与封闭三种策略。     

知识管理视角下的图书馆员隐性知识挖掘研究

隐性知识挖掘利用是知识管理的重要环节。阐述了隐性知识的含义以及图书馆员隐性知识的表现形式。提出了图书馆员隐性知识挖掘利用的主要措施。     

图书馆联盟知识转移制度安排研究

首先分析图书馆联盟知识转移相关理论,包括图书馆联盟、历史发展、图书馆联盟知识转移障碍及其解决方法等,重点探讨图书馆联盟知识转移制度安排建设,分别从制度保障、管理机构、人力资本、沟通机制、监督和评估机制等几个方面来探讨。     

知识共享的可能性:一个博弈分析

将组织的知识共享实践理解为员工之间在提供和保留知识的选择中相互博弈最终达到均衡的过程。首先分析知识共享的博弈特征，然后运用不完全信息动态博弈理论对知识共享的可能性进行阐述，并得出组织的知识共享行为是可能发生并有效维持下去的结论。     

当知识博客遇到数字图书馆——知识博客在数字图书馆中的应用探讨

介绍了知识博客的概念和特性,分析了知识博客在数字图书馆中应用的必要性和数字图书馆应用知识博客的优势,阐述了国内外图书馆界知识博客的应用现状和管理中面临的问题并提出解决办法。     

Knowledge sharing practices: A case study at Malaysia’s healthcare research institutes

The main objective of this study was to investigate the perception of the researchers and officers within the National Institutes of Health Malaysia (NIH) about their understanding of knowledge sharing practices in their respective environment. Questions included: what are the perceptions of the respondents with regard to the knowledge sharing practices in their respective institutions? What are the benefits for knowledge sharing practices as perceived by them? What are their perceived organisational knowledge sharing practices motivating factors? Also, what are the hindering factors? The survey of the researchers and officers of the NIH was distributed to 400 respondents from the six research institutes under NIH: Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Institute for Public Health (IPH), Network for Clinical Research Centres (CRC), Institute for Health Management (IHM), Institute for Health Systems Research (IHSR) and Institute for Health Promotion (IHP). The responses indicated that knowledge sharing depends on the context of encouraging and rewarding the practices of organisational knowledge sharing. The findings suggest four factors – Environment and Infrastructure, Management Support, Culture and Technology – as significant determinants in influencing the organisational knowledge sharing practices among the employees. The study was limited to the perceptual aspect of the issue, specifically from the individuals’ opinions and sentiments.     

Knowledge sharing practices: A case study at Malaysia’s healthcare research institutes

The main objective of this study was to investigate the perception of the researchers and officers within the National Institutes of Health Malaysia (NIH) about their understanding of knowledge sharing practices in their respective environment. Questions included: what are the perceptions of the respondents with regard to the knowledge sharing practices in their respective institutions? What are the benefits for knowledge sharing practices as perceived by them? What are their perceived organisational knowledge sharing practices motivating factors? Also, what are the hindering factors? The survey of the researchers and officers of the NIH was distributed to 400 respondents from the six research institutes under NIH: Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Institute for Public Health (IPH), Network for Clinical Research Centres (CRC), Institute for Health Management (IHM), Institute for Health Systems Research (IHSR) and Institute for Health Promotion (IHP). The responses indicated that knowledge sharing depends on the context of encouraging and rewarding the practices of organisational knowledge sharing. The findings suggest four factors – Environment and Infrastructure, Management Support, Culture and Technology – as significant determinants in influencing the organisational knowledge sharing practices among the employees. The study was limited to the perceptual aspect of the issue, specifically from the individuals’ opinions and sentiments.