导师导思:“一体双翼”培养模式研究与实践

能力培养与思政教育是研究生教育落实立德树人的必然要求,导师是研究生教育实施和引导的关键力量。本文分析现有研究生培养体系中传统模式的局限性,提出立德树人根本目标框架下的"一体双翼"模式;即以"知识传授、科研实践"为主体的"能力翼"和以"品行养成"为主体的"思政翼"来常态化实现"导师导思"。以中国计量大学生物学学位点为例验证了"导师导思"式"能力"+"思政"双翼培养成效,为创新新时代立德树人培养模式提供借鉴。     

热连轧机工作机座的二自由度垂直振动模型研究

提出一种四辊轧机工作机座垂直振动的二自由度集中质量模型,使用Matlab软件计算了动力学模型的等效质量和等效刚度参数以及系统的无阻尼振动固有频率。通过轧制过程现场振动测试信号的分析,验证了所建模型的正确性。     

橡胶浮置板轨道对城市高架箱梁减振特性数值分析

为了研究橡胶浮置板轨道对城市高架箱梁结构的减振特性,建立了高架橡胶浮置板轨道结构三雏有限元模型,分析了当减振器刚度和轨道板长度变化对高架桥系统动力响应影响。研究结果表明。减振器刚度的改变对浮置板前10阶振动频率分布影响较大,对累积质量分数分布特性几乎没有影响,相同阶数条件下浮置板的振动主频随减振器刚度减小而减小;列车通过时浮置板轨道以增大自身的振动来达到减小对桥梁结构振动能量输入的目的,在减振频率范围内,浮置板的减振效果随减振器刚度增大而减小,随浮置板长度的减小而减小。     

A novel posture alignment system for aircraft wing assembly

A novel 6-degree of freedom （DOF） posture alignment system, based on 3-DOF positioners, is presented for the assembly of aircraft wings. Each positioner is connected with the wing through a rotational and adsorptive half-ball shaped end-effector, and the positioners together with the wing are considered as a 3-PPPS （P denotes a prismatic joint and S denotes a spherical joint） redundantly actuated parallel mechanism. The kinematic model of this system is established and a trajectory planning method is introduced. A complete analysis of inverse dynamics is carried out with the Newton-Euler algorithm, which is used to find the desired actuating torque in the design and path planning phase. Simulation analysis of the displacement and actuating torque of each joint of the positioners based on inverse kinematics and dynamics is conducted, and the results show that the system is feasible for the posture alignment of aircraft wings.     

团泊地区地热资源评价与数值模拟

讨论了地热田非均质各向异性传热传质的特点及地下热储资源补给的可能性 .采用集参模型和分布参数模型评价方法 ,通过有限元及有限差分两种离散计算方法建立数学模型 ,进行数值模拟研究 ,成功预测了团泊风景区地热集中开采区域的热储开发趋势 ,结果表明开采寿命约为 15年 .     

框架结构地震响应时程分析的计算模型

在结构进行地震响应时程分析时,必须首先确定结构的计算模型,以便确立结构的层间刚度。在地震作用下,结构计算模型是结构进行地震响应时分析的主体,由几何模型和物理模型两部分组成。其中几何模型反映了结构计算模型的几何构成,物理模型反映了材料或构件的力学性能。目前在工程上框架结构常用的计算模型主要有层间模型、杆系模型和杆系-层间模型。针对这三种模型进行全面的分析,并对它们的优缺点展开论述。     

How do wings generate lift?

A cambered surface that is moving forward in a fluid generates lift. To explain this interesting fact in terms of simpler models, some preparatory concepts were discussed in the first part of this article. We also agreed on what is an acceptable explanation. Then some popular models were discussed. Some quantitative theories will be discussed in this concluding part. Finally we will tie up all these ideas together and connect them to the rigorous momentum theorem.     

Aerobasics — An introduction to aeronautics

This part of the article continues the discussion of the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils presented in the previous part and extends it to wings at subsonic speeds. The effects of highlift devices and spoilers are considered and their application indicated. The effects of wing sweep and finiteness of aspect ratio are analyzed.     

底座板伸缩刚度对大跨度连续梁桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道纵向力的影响

在结构特点分析的基础上,考虑层间传力关系和横向相邻股道的影响,建立了大跨度连续梁桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道纵向力计算的空间一体化模型和求解方法。计算分析了列车制动和温度变化作用下底座板伸缩刚度对大跨度连续梁桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道纵向力的影响规律,结果表明:列车制动和温度变化作用下系统纵向力变化规律相同,随着底座板伸缩刚度降低,钢轨和桥梁墩台纵向力增加,复合板、剪力齿槽和端刺纵向力减小。     

Aerobasics — An introduction to aeronautics

Flight at supersonic speeds is accompanied by standing waves, a phenomenon absent in subsonic flows. The standing waves affect the flow radically and lead to wave drag and sonic booms. In this article, we explain the above phenomena and their effect on the performance of airfoils and wings in supersonic flows. In the light of the above, wing configurations suitable for supersonic airplanes are discussed.     

Thermal optimization of a totally enclosed forced ventilated permanentmagnet traction motor using lumped parameter and partial computational fluid dynamics modeling

In this study, we present a thermal optimization method using the overall lumped parameter (LP) and partial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling for a 600-kW permanent magnet traction motor developed for high-speed trains. The motor is totally enclosed forced ventilated to achieve high power density, high efficiency, and low maintenance requirements. Considering the electro-magnetic performance, bogie space, and thermal capacity, we propose a ventilation structure with zigzag plates in sector cross-section. We focus particularly on the ventilation channels and propose an overall LP model for thermal optimization, in which the full consideration of the influence of turbulent flow is given by using a partial CFD model. Given the specific critical parameters from the optimization results, we present a complete 3D CFD model of the whole motor to obtain an accurate temperature distribution and the maximum temperature rises in local points. The benefit of zigzag plates is studied extensively using both the LP and the complete CFD models and the results are verified by equivalent thermal experiments under rated operations. Experimental results indicate that the ventilation structure fulfills the normal operational demands of high-speed trains by improving thermal performance by more than 15%. Additionally, we propose an engineering method to estimate iron loss constraint with the complete CFD model to guide the control system design.     

蜜蜂悬停飞行时柔性翅气动特性

对蜜蜂悬停飞行时二维柔性翅气动特性进行了研究．建立了昆虫飞行的4种坐标系,包括地面坐标系、贴体坐标系、固定翼坐标系和柔性翼坐标系,分别表示昆虫的位置、姿态、翅膀运动形式及变形．对4种坐标系间的变换进行了研究,并指出在二维刚性翅研究中利用椭圆坐标系可以提高计算精度,减少计算量．建立了二维柔性翅模型,分析了气动力、力矩及功率变化情况．对计算结果进行了分析,并指出扑动开始及结束阶段大的升力和阻力峰值的产生是平动加速、加速旋转及马格纳斯效应的叠加;小的峰值归因于凸向来流和凹向来流作用;与压力、压力力矩和平动功率相比,黏性力、黏性力矩及转动功率较小,可以忽略．     

连续式大直径圆柱壳结构上的波力数值模型

以线性波理论为基础 ,应用满足两条平行线性边界的无限条形区域的 Helmholtz方程的基本解 ,采用边界单元法建立了连续式大直径圆柱壳结构的一种反射波波力数值模型 .根据本模型的理论与方法 ,采用 Visual C 语言编制了计算程序 .算例计算表明了本方法与程序的有效性 ,并且将作用在连续式大圆柱壳结构的波浪力与方沉箱结构相比较 ,在 D/L=0 .0 9～ 0 .19情况下可降低 14 %～ 2 4%     

Wrinkle analysis of a space planar film reflect-array

The presence of wrinkles in a membrane is the main factor that induces surface errors on space planar film reflectarrays. Based on the commercial finite element (FE) package ABAQUS, a numerical procedure for membrane wrinkle analysis was set up, and used to analyze a square planar film reflect-array under pure shear force to evaluate its induced wrinkle characteristics. First, the effect of shear force on the wrinkle pattern of the array was studied and validated by experiment. Second, the effect of prestress was studied. When the prestress increases, the quantity of the wrinkles increases, and the amplitude of the wrinkles decreases. Third, the influence of the boundary conditions was investigated. A frame side edge structure has a relatively smooth surface, but also relatively high stress. Finally, the behavior of a joint seam was analyzed. The results indicate that a joint band has a significant influence on the wrinkle pattern of the membrane.     

Special issue on computational models of classical conditioning guest editors’ introduction

In the present special issue, the performance of current computational models of classical conditioning was evaluated under three requirements: (1) Models were to be tested against a list of previously agreed-upon phenomena; (2) the parameters were fixed across simulations; and (3) the simulations used to test the models had to be made available. These requirements resulted in three major products: (a) a list of fundamental classical-conditioning results for which there is a consensus about their reliability; (b) the necessary information to evaluate each of the models on the basis of its ordinal successes in accounting for the experimental data; and (c) a repository of computational models ready to generate simulations. We believe that the contents of this issue represent the 2012 state of the art in computational modeling of classical conditioning and provide a way to find promising avenues for future model development.     

Two-Phase Flow in Porous Electrodes of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Water management in porous electrodes bears significance due to its strong potential in determining the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell.In terms of porous electrodes,internal water distribution and removal process have extensively attracted attention in both experimental and numerical studies.However,the structural difference among the catalyst layer(CL),microporous layer(MPL),and gas diffusion layer(GDL) leads to significant challenges in studying the two-phase flow behavior.Given the different porosities and pore scales of the CL,MPL,and GDL,the model scales in simulating each component are inconsistent.This review emphasizes the numerical simulation related to porous electrodes in the water transport process and evaluates the effectiveness and weakness of the conventional methods used during the investigation.The limitations of existing models include the following:(i) The reconstruction of geometric models is difficult to achieve when using the real characteristics of the components;(ii) the computational domain size is limited due to massive computational loads in three-dimensional(3 D) simulations;(iii) numerical associations among 3 D models are lacking because of the separate studies for each component;(iv) the effects of vapor condensation and heat transfer on the two-phase flow are disregarded;(v) compressive deformation during assembly and vibration in road conditions should be considered in two-phase flow studies given the real operating conditions.Therefore,this review is aimed at critical research gaps which need further investigation.Insightful potential research directions are also suggested for future improvements.     

波浪作用下单体与双体深水网箱水动力特性研究

本文运用刚体运动学原理及集中质量方法,建立了单体和双体深水网箱在波浪作用下的数学模型,并利用物理模型试验结果对数学模型进行验证。在此基础上,比较了单体网箱和双体网箱的水动力特性。由数值模拟结果可知,在相同波况条件下,双体网箱各类锚绳受力特征值均大于单体网箱对应工况各类锚绳的受力特征值,考虑双体网箱锚绳受力增加情况,其中锚碇锚绳受力平均增幅为65%,连接锚绳受力平均增幅为262.2%,网格锚绳受力平均增幅为95.6%;双体网箱浮架中心点的水平方向运动幅度总体上小于单体网箱对应情况,两种形式网箱的浮架中心点竖直方向运动幅度和倾角大小几乎相等,而两类网箱的网衣体积损失率总体上比较相近。     

Dynamic response analysis of a moored crane-ship with a flexible boom

The dynamic response of moored crane-ship is studied. Governing equations for the dynamic response of a crane-ship coupled with the pendulum motion of the payload are derived based on Lagrange＇s equations. The boom is modeled based on finite element method, while the payload is modeled as a planar pendulum of point mass. The dynamic response was studied using numerical method. The calculation results show that the large-amplitude responses occur at wave periods near the natural period of the payload. Load swing angle is smaller for crane-ship with flexible boom, in comparison with rigid boom. The ship surge motions have large vibrations for crane-ship with flexible boom, which were not observed for a rigid boom. The analysis identifies the significance of key parameters and reveals how the system design can be adjusted to avoid critical conditions.     

基于GPS的叠合梁斜拉桥双层模型修正方法

为了建立实测动响应和桥梁健康状况的实质性联系,提出用双层模型修正方法修正叠合梁斜拉桥理论计算模型.以实测固有频率为第1层修正目标,采用人工调节方法,在可靠范围内变化桥面板质量、网格划分密度、混凝土模量及边跨压重等参数修正模型的动力特性;然后以GPS实测动响应为第2层修正目标,通过逐步减小结构各向刚度EI模拟桥梁整体刚度损伤,采用有限元迭代的方法修正模型的挠度值.以南浦大桥为例,对其进行有限元建模,并利用所提出的方法进行模型修正.分析结果表明,经过第1层模型修正,频率误差的标准偏差小于7%,比初始误差有明显改善;经过第2层模型修正,桥梁跨中挠度误差小于10%,桥梁结构各向刚度EI下降约20%.研究结果表明理论计算结果与实测结果相吻合.     

Analytical study on the dynamic displacement response of a curved track subjected to moving loads

A closed-form out-of-plane dynamic displacement response of a curved track subjected to moving loads was pro- posed. The track structure was modeled as a planar curved Timoshenko beam periodically supported by the double-layer spring-damping elements. The general dynamic displacement response induced by the moving loads along the curve on the elastic semi-infinite space was firstly obtained in the frequency domain, according to the Duhamel integral and the dynamic reciprocity theorem. In the case of the periodic curved track structure subjected to moving loads, the dynamic displacement equation was simplified into a form of summation within the basic track cell instead of the integral. The transfer function for the curved track was expressed in the form of a transfer matrix. Single and series moving loads were involved in the calculation program. For the verification of the analytical model, the mid-span vertical deflection of a simply support curved beam subjected to moving load was recalculated and compared with the same case in the reference. The research results indicate that： under the same moving loads, the displacement response of the curved track decreases slightly with the increasing track radius, and the displacement response of the curved track with the radius greater than or equal to 600 m is almost equivalent to the displacement response of the straight track; the frequency spectrum of the curved track is more abundant than that of the straight track, which may result in more wheel-rail resonance and rail corrugation in the curved lines.