太极推手运动员专项耐力训练方法探讨

太极推手运动员的专项耐力训练,应根据运动员专项耐力的供能特点及发展方向进行有氧耐力和无氧耐力训练,控制好实战耐力训练强度和负荷刺激度,有效地提高推手运动员的专项耐力.     

论长跑运动员耐力的训练

对于长跑运动员来说,耐力素质是影响长跑成绩的一个重要因素。科学的专项耐力的训练方法对于提高长跑运动员的耐力素质有着积极作用,并能帮助运动员提升长跑成绩。本文主要从长跑运动的影响因素、耐力的分类和影响耐力的因素进行简要分析,总结出一些科学合理的耐力训练方法。     

如何培养青少年篮球运动员的身体素质

身体素质是青少年篮球运动员各项训练的基础。在篮球运动中,身体素质是综合的,表现在力量、速度、灵敏和耐力等方面,要根据训练要求加以发展。耐力是抵抗疲劳的能力。分一般耐力和专项耐力。有机体的有氧呼吸能力是一般耐力的生理基础,而无氧呼吸则是专项耐力的生理基础。在准备期,特别是第一阶段,主要是培养一般耐力。通常将发展一般耐力的练习放在后半周,每周至少安排两次一般耐力训练;而在第二阶段和竞赛期,为了保持一般耐力,每周安排一次就可以了。运动员可以采用各种均匀速度的练习来发展和保持一般耐力水平,强度为最大强度的75～80%,…     

论糖与速度耐力的关系

论述了速度耐力的供能特点 ,糖与速度耐力的密切关系 .认为运动员的糖原储备是影响其速度耐力运动能力的重要因素之一 ,指出速度耐力项目运动员糖的补充方法     

飞行人员有氧耐力训练理论探索与实践

一定量的持久性有氧训练有利于保持+Gz耐力水平,但过度的有氧耐力训练会导致飞行员的加速度耐力降低。本文通过"个体乳酸阈强度进行有氧耐力训练对+Gz耐力的影响"实验,探索飞行人员有氧耐力训练理论。本研究运用组和对照组的对比试验的方法,通过飞行学员+Gz耐力测试、台阶试验测试和心理学量表监测来评价训练效果。研究结果表明,实验组训练效果明显优于对照组。     

浅谈耐力的生理学特点

耐力,一般是指人体长时间进行肌肉活动的能力,也可看作是对抗疲劳的能力。因此,在国外有人将它解释为“对抗疲劳后快速复原”。 耐力素质在各个运动项目中都是一个重要的基本素质,是一般竞技能力的基础成分之一,且通常被认为是健康的身体(体力)的重要因素。但是,不同的运动项目需要的耐力各有其特点。从人体是一个完整统一体的观点看,可把耐力看作是全身耐力、肌肉耐力、心血管耐力和呼吸系统耐力的复合。但不管如何看待耐力,如果机体一旦失去耐力,就会造成肌肉的有效机能活动的被迫停止,从而对于各种运动、活动的持续进行同样是力不从心。导致肌肉衰弱、疲劳(即失去耐力)的确切原因,现还难于断定。本文只就耐力的生理学基础、如何提高耐力、影响耐力的因素以及耐力训练引起机体的一些生理变化等方面进行简单的讨论。     

谈高校学生耐力素质训练

本文全方位阐述耐力的生理机制 ,耐力素质训练功能、作用与方法 ,以便引起对耐力素质训练的再度重视     

探究国网技能竞赛参赛选手耐力素质的训练

耐力素质是支撑体能的基础素质,提高国网技能操作竞赛参赛选手的耐力素质,是保障完成技能操作竞赛的必备条件之一,因而选手的耐力素质训练就显得举足轻重。结合实例就一般耐力素质训练、影响耐力素质的因素及操作技能的无氧耐力训练进行分析与探讨,并在实践中取得良好效果。     

实施《学生体质健康标准》应把耐力素质放在首位

耐力素质在学生身体素质中具有重要意义。耐力素质水平的提高或下降,往往意味着学生健康水平和体质状况的提高或下降。应当认识学生耐力素质的重要性,应树立在实施《学生体质健康标准》时把提高耐力素质放在首位的观点,同时了解和研究提高学生耐力素质的理论依据和具体锻炼方法。     

青少年中长跑运动员专项耐力训练研究

对于青少年中长跑运动员来说,耐力素质作为人体最重要的身体素质,标志着人体心肺功能的水平,并且是毅力的集中反映,通过对青少年中长跑运动耐力训练的研究,从而使专项耐力训练取得最佳效果,有效提高中长跑运动员的成绩。采用文献资料、系统分析等方法,对当前中长跑运动员的专项耐力训练方法进行比较全面、系统的调查,客观深入地分析专项耐力训练的各种训练方法。通过资料分析表明,青少年中长跑运动员专项耐力训练要以发展有氧代谢能力为基础,并确立发展无氧代谢和混合代谢能力为中长跑专项耐力的核心。建议青少年中长跑运动员专项耐力训练应当拥有适合其训练要求的标准训练计划,配合机动的训练安排,更好地发挥专项耐力训练的作用,达到预定的训练目标。     

A Case Study of Preschool Children’s Musical Interests at Home and at School

In the interaction between the child and the adult, interest can be a significant motivational initiator of activities. Systematic monitoring and development of the interest in music activities enables the teachers to influence the preschool children in forming a positive attitude towards the art of music. The research involving preschool teachers, children at the age of five to six and their parents, was conducted in order to determine the interest of preschool teachers and children in music activities. We found that the teachers showed greatest interest in singing songs, playing instruments and listening to music. The children’s favourite activities in kindergarten were movement to music (dancing), singing songs and playing on instruments, namely activities where they could take active part in the educational process. The parents reported that at home the children preferred most to listen to music, to sing songs and move to the sounds of music, and less to play on instruments and to be creative in music. The development of the children’s interest in music depends on the teachers’ expression of interest in music activities, on the choice of music activities and music contents and on the experience in the music environment of the family.     

Japan’s colonial policies – from national assimilation to the Kominka Movement: a comparative study of primary education in Taiwan and Korea (1937–1945)

The eight-year-long period from Japan’s initiation of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 to its unconditional surrender in 1945 forced Japan to invest its national economy and industrial and scientific technologies in the war. In addition, in the name of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, Japan initiated its assimilation and Kominka (Japanisation) policies (皇民化政策) in the colonies Korea and Taiwan. Japan used education as a tool to expand its influence over members of society, and attempted the frequent use of Japanese and Kominka (皇民化) in daily life to penetrate the awareness of people in the colonies. Japan also started to enforce various assimilation policies. A comparison of the implementation of Kominka policies (皇民化政策) in Taiwan and Korea shows that, in terms of school admission rates and frequency of use of Japanese, the proportion of school admission rates for frequent speakers of Japanese to primary education in Taiwan are significantly higher than those in Korea. Moreover, in terms of primary education, national schools were implemented in both Taiwan and Korea according to the “National School Order” promulgated in 1941. Japan made use of the term “education equality” to win people over. In fact, it aimed to strengthen the concept of Kominka (皇民化), the education of militarism, and to force the Taiwanese and Koreans to become “imperial citizens” loyal to the Emperor. Japan’s ultimate objective was to create an environment that met military needs for civilian and military resources.     

汉语言文学专业写作实践教学改革的思考与探索

在探索汉语言文学专业改革的过程中,我们始终将"能写会说"定位为专业的核心能力,各措并举强化写作训练。为了进一步推进写作实践教学改革,探索写作实践教学新模式,我们率先在黟县屏山村建立了汉语言文学专业实践基地,带领学生在特定环境中深入生活,参与劳动、采访、调查等多种写作实践活动,让学生贴近生活、贴近底层、贴近心灵、贴近应用进行写作,这极大地提升了学生的综合素养和写作能力,作品的真实度、艺术性、感染力、说服力和文本的规范意识都得到显著提升。     

Developing and changing practice in special educational needs through critically reflective action research: a case study

The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the use of action research as a tool for developing critical reflection which has the potential to lead to change and development in practice in education, in particular, in the area of special educational needs (SEN) and inclusion. In order to support and illustrate the critique, a case study of a group of Dutch practising teachers and education professionals engaged in studying for a master's degree in SEN is used. The three-year programme of study followed by the group was a practice-based programme of professional development, with heavy emphasis on action research throughout. For this particular group action research was an entirely new concept, and indeed many of them expressed considerable scepticism about its validity as an approach to research, or for that matter, professional development, at the beginning of the programme. The whole group were working in areas associated with SEN where the need to change practice was an urgent imperative, due to changes in education policy and the rapid move towards inclusion in The Netherlands. Having been responsible for the development and teaching of the programme for several years, I decided to make a case study of one cohort of students in order to carry out some more structured and detailed evaluation of the impact of the programme on practice. I also wanted to reaffirm the general impression I had gathered from continuing student evaluation and feedback, that their work, and in particular the action research they had carried out, had led to genuine development and, in some cases, fairly radical change in their professional practice.     

Transforming learning: teaching compassion and caring values in higher education

As a result of reported failings in the care of people in the health and social care sector in the UK, HE providers who produce professionals to work in these areas are being challenged to address caring values in the student body. As values are subjective and affective, this requires the learning environment to not only promote critical thinking and the development of professional competencies, but to facilitate personal growth and change within students at cognitive, emotional and spiritual levels. As the latter dimensions are frequently ignored in education, this is very challenging: it requires a curriculum that supports students to understand, reflect on and, if necessary, restructure their own caring values in order to develop a transcendent lens i.e. the ability to put others before their own self interests and that of the organisation in which they work. It also requires students to develop the skills to challenge others in situations where caring values are not achieved or sustained. This can only be accomplished as a co-produced phenomenon, as it requires students who are prepared to engage in the process and educators, in both HE and practice settings, who are able and willing to role model appropriate skills and facilitate a learning relationship in which students can grow. However, if the true wisdom of caring values is to be realised in everyday practice, then this kind of transformational learning has to be supported at wider structural levels, and this just may be its Achilles heel.     

军校大学生心理问题的产生及解消

军校大学生正处在人的一生中心理发展变化最为激烈的青年期 ,面临着一系列生理、心理和军校特殊环境方面的适应体验。心理发展的不成熟、自我同一性的不确定、情绪的不稳定等特点 ,使他们的心理冲突时有发生 ,极易导致适应不良 ,出现紧张焦虑感 ,闭守孤独感、消沉自卑感、低落抑郁感、压抑苦闷感等心理问题。在分析心理问题成因的基础上 ,探讨如何加强军校大学生心理健康教育。     

Education for World Citizenship: Beyond national allegiance

A resurgence of national and international interest in citizenship education, citizenship and social cohesion has been coupled with an apparent emergence of a language of crisis (Sears & Hyslop-Margison, 2006). Given this background, how can or should one consider a subjective sense of membership in a single political community? What this article hopes to show is that confining the subject of citizenship or patriotism to a national framework is inadequate in as much as there are grounds to argue for a more expansive and, at the same time, integrated outlook. Patriotism, like Citizenship, is still open to interpretation and potentially in danger of falling short of a richer conception. Education, therefore, needs to incorporate inclusive practices and encourage an integrative mindset in order to accommodate: increasingly complex identities, associations, experiences and continuing changes in the political landscape. In this article, the author argues for the importance of learning ways in which to value and respect diversity while working towards a principle of unity in diversity. Cultivating a subjective sense of membership in a single world polity is vital in matters pertaining to sustainability and justice.
In response to considering possible ways of sharing a subjective sense of membership in a single community and some implications for Citizenship, Patriotism and Citizenship Education, this article looks to three areas: ways in which to understand the notion of citizenship and patriotism, cultural crises and the notion of a cosmopolitan nation and, finally, the personal dimension to education for world citizenship.     

关于当代西方国家中间阶层发展变化的几点思考

在现代化进程中，随着我国社会结构分化与整合程度不断加强，社会阶层必然产生新的分化与重组，在这一过程中，中间阶层正悄然崛起。本从全球视角分析了中间阶层在社会现代化过程中的积极意义，根据当代西方国家中间阶层产生的社会经济条件，根据中间阶层社会功能，提出我国在全面实现小康社会过程中应大力培育和发展中间阶层的理念和策略。     

Les colonies de vacances en France, 1944–1958: impulsions politiques autour d’un fait social majeur

Abstract

This article looks at the French state’s approach to the “colonies de vacances” between 1944 and 1958. Created in 1876 by the Reverend Bion in Zurich, these summer camps originated as a charitable institution: their initial purpose was to provide rural retreats and to restore the health of poor urban youth. Set up on French soil in 1880, these institutions gradually grew in France in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Considered both as complements to the republican school and as extensions of the “patronages” (parish unions), they were important for children and adolescents from the industrial city suburbs, and were enshrined in the leisure policies of the Popular Front from 1936 onwards. After the Second World War, summer camps in France became a major social institution (300,000 children went to summer camps in 1945, 900,000 in 1949) in response to both hygiene and educational needs. Based on the archives of the Directorate of Youth Movements and Popular Education (1944–1947) and the General Directorate of Youth and Sports (1948–1958), this article aims to examine the politics behind the organisation of these summer camps and to demonstrate the social and political importance of these popular educational institutions which, in 1957, involved 1.35 million French children and teenagers. Although the history of French summer camp federations (UFCV, CEMEA, CPVC, UFOVAL, etc.) has been widely studied, how the state sees its role and influences these organisations has mostly been considered indirectly. The intention is to show that among the educational, cultural and sports policies implemented during the Fourth Republic in France, those related to the organisation of “colonies de vacances”, and therefore the organisation of holidays for a very large number of children and teenagers, occupy a significant place. In 1944, the summer camps were widely supported by the French state, which also planned to regulate this booming sector. The creation of qualifications for summer camp staff and directors in 1949 obliged organisations to start training schemes: they trained staff and directors to work in the municipal camps, associations, etc. Security issues led to the state tightening control of the summer camps, their recruitment and their activities. There was a great deal of political investment in these “colonies de vacances” during this period, and this was reflected in the creation of a Ministerial Education Committee in 1950, a general and regional body of inspectors for these camps, etc. However, the considerable expansion of summer camps posed increasing problems at the national political level resulting in changes to the initial subsidy policies. The State played a major part in crucial issues such as the sociological diversification of these institutions and the changes in their social role according to evolving sociocultural trend. The fact remains that the “colonies de vacances” were for the French state a centrepiece of the “popular education” that the political actors of the Fourth Republic wanted to implement in order to build the France of the post-war period..     

Putting school commercialism in context: a global history of Junior Achievement Worldwide

The literature on school commercialism, despite a number of successes in battling advertising and marketing in schools, has often seemed to only scratch the surface of corporatization of K‐12 education. While condemning corporations who seek to sell brand‐name products to kids in schools is a relatively straightforward matter, critiquing corporate efforts to promote ideologies, identities, values and agendas to children and youth is far more complicated and yet, essential. In this paper, we take the example of Junior Achievement Worldwide, one of the world’s oldest, largest, and fastest growing organizations promoting corporate interests in schools in the USA and beyond to illustrate the need to address school commercialism in a broad historical, curricular, and global context. We review the long history of Junior Achievement in the USA, its vast set of curriculum offerings in enterprise, financial literacy, economics, work readiness and life skills, and its dramatic expansion, since the late 1980s, to now reach more than eight million students every year in over 100 countries around the world.