基于探究的美国高中物理教材--《动手动脑的物理学》简介

《动手动脑的物理学》是美国新近开发的高中物理教材 ,它以与学生生活关系紧密的项目研究为主线 ,引导学生通过探究活动学习物理。本文对它的内容、栏目和特色进行了简要介绍。     

美国高中化学教科书栏目特点的分析

本文以美国化学教科书<科学发现者.化学:概念和应用>为例,介绍其栏目组成,分析其栏目特点,并对我国教科书中栏目的编写与使用提出了建议.     

新教材如何备课

在新的课程理念指导下，实验区教师应该从《生物课程标准》、新教材、教师和学生等四个角度切入．联系当地实际，富有创造地进行备课教学工作。     

如何理解新教材中的"算法多样化"

“算法多样化”是数学思考性的必然反映 ,它的本质在于尊重学生的独立思考。它所提倡的就是一种探索、一种思维的创新。面对新教材中出现的“算法多样化” ,老师该怎么理解、怎么处理呢 ?就此 ,笔者谈几点粗浅的认识。一、没有“个性化”就没有“多样化”在传统教材中 ,对“数的运算”无所谓算法多样化 ,往往强调的只是一种编者主观认为最优或较优的算法。比如 :计算“9+ 3 =□”时 ,便选用被一贯认为是最好方法的“凑十法”(9+ 3 =9+ 1+ 2 =12 )。因此 ,教材中呈现出的也就仅有此法 ,而无它法 ,学生也自然地、被动地“接受”这种教材(或教…     

实施语文新课程培养学生的创新思维

创新思维是一种习惯,其基础就是个性,创新思维是从小培养出来的.语文课程对于培养学生的创新思维,具有独一无二的功能.实施新课程培养学生的创新思维,其关键在于教师.语文教师必须接受和适应新课程的新理念,必须努力建设开放而有活力的新课程,必须实施适应"语文新课程标准"的教学活动,必须具备更全面的知识、能力和实施创造性的教育.培养创新思维,所依赖的主要方式是广泛的阅读.美国把中小学语文教学目标立足于阅读.要使小学生尽早地实现广泛阅读.在广泛阅读、培养创新思维的过程中,教师仍然是引导者,学生仍然是主体.     

正确把握学习中的理解

论述了有关理解的下述几个观点对指导学生学习是有利的:1、理解是有层次之分的,学习的过程是一个不断加深理解的过程;2、应从实际出发去强调理解;3、理解与记忆是相互渗透、相互促进的;4、训练既有赖于理解,又有助于理解.     

External quality monitoring in the market place

Abstract

The paper presents a case‐study about the experience of leading sector‐wide change from within a national agency. This experience is analysed in relation to the literature on leadership and change and against the back‐drop of wider social, economic and political changes affecting higher education in the UK ‐ changes that have parallels in other countries. From the literature, the author draws out certain ‘principles’ about leading change and highlights the activities that were developed in practice. The case that is discussed is that of the 3‐year ‘Graduate Standards Programme’ mounted by the former Higher Education Quality Council in the UK. This Programme (the GSP) was formally set up to define and establish threshold standards for undergraduate degrees in the UK, but also sought to examine UK approaches to defining and assuring standards in the light of far‐reaching changes affecting the higher education system. Lessons about leadership, managing change and quality enhancement in an academic context are drawn out. The author concludes that ‘good process’ is more important than the static notion of ‘good practice’ when seeking to create and lead change in higher education.     

Understanding the Why Behind the How in Reading Instruction

One of the most critical pedagogical areas for student success is reading development and the use of reading to learn in the content areas. Teachers’ knowledge and the materials, methods, and strategies employed are essential factors in students’ abilities to read. In their inquiry study, the authors examined the congruence between the content of preservice literacy methods courses at their college and the practices of recent alumni. Although practice varied for each teacher, alumni students emphasized some components of reading over others, often because those components were stressed in their college courses. These findings led the authors to rethink why and how reading methods are taught to preservice teachers.     

Education and labor market risk: Understanding the role of data cleaning

This paper examines whether conclusions about the relationship between education and labor market risk depend on the use of commonly applied procedures to clean data of extreme values. The analysis uses fifteen years of data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to demonstrate that conclusions about the relationship between education and labor market risk are sensitive to how extreme values of labor income are treated. The untrimmed estimates imply that college graduates experience 75% less transitory labor market risk than high school dropouts. However, applying commonly used trimming procedures results in estimates of a one standard deviation transitory labor market shock for high school dropouts being reduced by between $2700 and $4500, or 14% and 24% of annual earnings. The results demonstrate that seemingly innocuous sample selection procedures can have substantive implications.     

Understanding How the Arts Can Enhance Learning

Understanding how the arts can enhance learning has long been discussed and debated among educators, students, parents, artists, art historians, and philosophers. Many anecdotal examples reference the value and benefits of the arts in a range of fields and learning domains. Emerging methodologies in the brain sciences have added new perspectives and research‐based approaches to better understand the role the arts might play in learning. Psychologists, cognitive scientists, and now neuroscientists are approaching this topic by exploring memory, sensory systems, and other biological measures. The interdisciplinary and potentially interdependence of these fields to work together to identify the neurological mechanisms involved in the arts may offer educators, parents, and child care providers with important information about how we learning takes place. By bringing together uncommon and divergent thinking from a wide range of disciplines, there is an opportunity to change the way we teach, parent, and serve children using the arts to help enhance learning. This issue of Mind, Brain, and Education celebrates the range of approaches that are emerging to shed light and insight in this field.     

水质工程学教材更新引发的问题与对策

水质工程学是给水排水工程工程专业的一门核心主干课程。本文根据天津城市建设学院给水排水工程专业教学的实践,对水质工程学在教学中面临的主要问题以及采取的相应措施进行了论述和探讨。     

论高职高专公外教材的合理选择和使用

本文从如何选择和使用高职高专公外教材入手，重点阐述了选择公外教材的原则与程序；在如何使用好公外教材方面．笔者认为除了要合理取舍和调整教材内容之外，还应该适当地补充一些教辅材料，学生也必须发挥他们的主观能动性，这样才能真正使用好教材。     

复杂结构造就的自主成长:美国高等教育崛起的原因

美国高等教育在世界排名中的成功源自其独特结构.美国高等教育由多元甚至截然不同的目标、赞助人、经费来源和治理机制塑造而成,这一复杂结构正是活力与创新的源泉.首先是市场与国家之间的张力;其次是融合本科学院(平民主义的)、研究生院(精英主义的)和赠地学院(实用的)的办学模式;而在权力体制上,也存在传统权威、理性化机制和领袖魅力的整合.这一切使得美国高等教育的结构变得极其复杂,以至呈现严重的分化格局,但美国大学也因此在寻求政治与经费支持时拥有广阔空间和自主余地,并且善于适应环境,进而练就追求成功所必需的企业家式事业心与行动.     

试论美国“社会福音”运动的兴起

19世纪末20世纪初,美国在工业化、城市化两股力量的冲击下产生了大量的社会问题;这一时期蜂拥而入的东、南欧移民使众多社会矛盾日益加剧。面对这一局面,美国新教进步派在欧洲基督教社会主义和高级批评思想的影响下,在汲取美国新教传统精神的基础上,提出了以基督教博爱精神和社会公正为根本的思想观点,并主张运用这一思想去应对和解决当时的各种社会弊病。以此为基点,新教进步派在与其他社会进步力量的互相声援中掀起了一场旨在匡正社会弊端、提升社会公正、扶助社会弱势群体的社会福音运动。     

探索如何提高工科大学生对全英文课程的课堂理解水平

提高大学生对全英文课程内容的课堂理解水平,对于保持学习热情、保证良好教学效果非常重要。文章对工科全英文课《能源概论》教学中存在的学生理解程度不高的问题进行了细致分析,在课外预习、资料准备、课堂讲授等环节采取了较为全面的教改措施,取得了积极有效的改进效果。     

理解课堂教学权力——美国教育社会学和意识形态理论研究综述

作为教学的基本元素,课堂教学权力是一个歧义较多、问题突出的概念。对教育社会学和各意识形态流派课堂教学权力理解的梳理,有助于教师更好地理解课堂教学权力。教育社会学理论为我们分析课堂教学权力提供了分析理据,而对各意识形态流派的分析有助于我们洞察课程争论、历史话语、政策变革等因素如何对形成不同课堂教学权力理解施加的影响。     

试论"课改"中教师教材观的更新

各课程改革实验区的学校都使用了新的实验教材。虽然编写、出版单位不同，但它们都是以各科课程标准为依据编写的，都较好地体现了课程改革的新理念。然而，如果使用它们的教师仍然以旧的教材观去驾驭这些教材，那么，这些教材的各种新功能将无法发挥，“课改”实验的目的也难以达到。我们必须树立新的教材观，才能把握和使用好这