REFLECTION ON TEACHING

Do you reflect on your teaching by recalling the situation, thinking of what you should have done it instead, and then evaluating it globally? As teachers, we should often reflect on our teaching so that we can improve it. In this article well talk about reflection on teaching. Ⅰ. What does it mean to reflect on one's teaching? In the early twentieth century, John Dewey recognized the fact that most people and most teachers do not know how to use reflection as a tool for changing their classrooms, their lives and our societies.     

DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACTION RESEARCH TO PROMOTE CHEMISTRY TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT—A JOINED THEORETICAL REFLECTION ON TWO CASES FROM ISRAEL AND GERMANY

Action research is defined as using research activities to develop concrete societal practices. Action research understands the change of practice as being already a central aim of the research process itself, and it also seeks to contribute to the professional development of all participants in the particular field of study. Even though (or maybe even because) action research has a long history in the literature, there is a wide variety of interpretations of it. These range all the way from research supportive, via interactive, to emancipatory approaches. There is also a broad range of objectives covering both improving professional environments and generating results of general interest. This paper explores the spectrum of justifications given for action research with a specific focus on science education. Two completely different examples of action research selected from Israel and Germany help illustrate the diversity of the topic. The Israeli case focuses primarily on the professional development of a group of teachers; the German example hones in on the development of suitable curricula and lesson plans for wide dissemination. Comparison of these two projects is embedded in a theoretical framework which categorizes the different action research modes and contemplates teachers?? professional development. The aim of this paper is to reflect upon the common potential inherent in differing forms of action research on science education, including the aspect of professional development among teachers.     

A RECONSIDERATION OF MARX''''S IDEA OF “ASSOCIATION OF FREE INDIVIDUALS”

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎｔｈｅＭａｎｉｆｅｓｔｏｏｆｔｈｅＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｓｔＰａｒｔｙ,ＭａｒｘａｎｄＥｎｇｌｅｓｄｅｃｌａｒｅｄ :“Ｉｎｐｌａｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｏｌｄｂｏｕｒｇｅｏｉｓｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ ,ｗｉｔｈｉｔｓｃｌａｓｓｅｓａｎｄｃｌａｓｓａｎ ｔａｇｏｎｉｓｍｓ,ｗｅｓｈａｌｌｈａｖｅａｎａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ ,ｉｎｗｈｉｃｈｔｈｅｆｒｅｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｅａｃｈｉｓｔｈｅｃｏｎｄｉ ｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｔｈｅｆｒｅｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆａｌｌ”(Ｍａｒｘ＆Ｅｎ ｇｅｌｓ ,1 984 ) .…     

ON THE NATURAL ORDER OF ACQUISITION OF LANGUAGE

How do children acquire their mother tongue? Are the process in acquiring L1 (first language) and L2 (second language) the same? These questions always arouse the interests of the linguists. For many years, linguists have made a lot of research on first language acquisiton. They have put forward several hypothesis     

THE TAYLOR EXPANSION OF A FUNCTION OF FUNCTIONS

ＴＨＥＴＡＹＬＯＲＥＸＰＡＮＳＩＯＮＯＦＡＦＵＮＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＦＵＮＣＴＩＯＮＳＳｏｎｇＢａｉｓｈｅｎｇ（宋柏生）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭａｔｈｅｎｉａｔｉｃｓａｎｄＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓ）ＴＨＥＴＡＹＬＯＲＥＸＰＡＮＳＩＯＮＯＦＡＦＵＮＣＴＩＯＮＯ...     

FORMULAE OF OPTIMUM TIME-INTERVAL OF STREAMLINED PRODUCTION NETWORK

In this paper the calculation formulae of optimum beginning time-inter-val and optimum finishing time-interval between every two adjacent operations forthe most general current production network are derived.Two examples show thatthese formulae are very convenient for calculation.     

MEASUREMENT OF THE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUE

An open-ended coaxial line reflection method especially suitable for meas-uring the dielectric properties of biological tissue in vivo is described.This method offersthe advantage of not requiring any special preparation of the samples to be measured but aclose contact with the open end of a coaxial line.It is,therefore,very convenient to acquirea large number of measurement data in broad band rapidly.The method may also be usedto measure the properties of other substances.The measuring system consists of a networkanalyzer controlled by a microcomputer and calibrated by using ANA procedure to elimi-hate the influnce of error network introduced by the adapter,some connectors,etc.In or-der to reach higher accuracy,the iterative method is used to determine the parameters ofthe equivalent circuit.Measurements of permeativities of some living tissues have been per-formed in the frequency band of 0.5-2GHz.Compared with the results known in somepapers,the validity of this method has been confirmed.The difference in dielectric proper-ties between living and dead tissues,and the tissue permeativites(ε)versus frequency andduration of measurement after death have also been measured.     

PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS OF NEUTRALDIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONSWITH FORCED TERMS

ＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＩＥＳＯＦＳＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＮＥＵＴＲＡＬＤＩＦＦＥＲＥＮＴＩＡＬＥＱＵＡＴＩＯＮＳＷＩＴＨＦＯＲＣＥＤＴＥＲＭＳＪｉＧｕｏｊｕｎ（计国君）ＷａｎｇＺｈｅｎｇｘｉａｎ（王政贤）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓａｎｄＭ...     

METHODS OF IMPROVING COMPUTATIONAL ACCURACY OF ROBOT DYNAMICS

以多体系统理论为基础，探讨机器人系统动力学的几何意义，分析现有算法中的误差累积现象及产生“能量耗散”的原因，讨论动力学方程系数间的相互关系，并建立机器人系统动力学的正则方程．采用辛格式积分消除了动力学计算的误差累积，提高了计算精度．以平面关节机器人为例，进行了数值分析与计算．     

THE THEME OF THE 16TH NATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA

Abstracted from the report: 《Build a well-off society in an all-round way and create a new situation in building socialism with Chinese characteristics》on November 8.2002Jiang Zemin     

DIELECTRIC STUDIES OF UREASE AS A FUNCTION OF HYDRATION

The steady-state electrical conductivity,as well as the dielectric propertiesbetween 2×10~(-4)Hz and 100 kHz,and at 1 GHz,are reported for urease compressed powdersamples of low hydration.The results show that the large,low frequency dielectricdispersion,known as α-dispersion,is due to the build-up of a space charge of protons atthe sample-electrode interfaces.A smaller dispersion,appearing at higher frequencies,isconcluded to be associated with hindered motions of the peptide residues in the molecularstructure of urease.The extent of these polypeptide backbone motions is shown to bestrongly depended on the extent of enzyme hydration.This work is contributed to the de-velopment of conductimetric biosensors.     

CHINESE OF HUMANITY

Rescach on Campus Culture Eutering Society and College Student＇ s Education for All-round Development;A Probe into Self-learning in Phyaical Education under New Curriculum;Discussion over College Libraryr in Freshmen Education;Superficial View on How to Learn and Memorlze English Vocabulary;     

INFLUENCE OF UNBALANCE ON LOW-FREQUENCY VIBRATION OF ROTOR-BEARING SYSTEM

ＩＮＦＬＵＥＮＣＥＯＦＵＮＢＡＬＡＮＣＥＯＮＬＯＷ－ＦＲＥＱＵＥＮＣＹＶＩＢＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＲＯＴＯＲ－ＢＥＡＲＩＮＧＳＹＳＴＥＭＹａｎｓＪｉａｎｓａｎｇ（杨建刚）；ＤａｉＤｅｃｈｅｎｇ（戴德成）；ＧａｏＷｅｉ（高伟）（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕ...     

THE SCATTERING THEORY OF IONIC CONDUCTIVITY OF TERNARY GLASS

用原子学中Ｒｕｔｈｅｒｆｏｒｄ离子散射定律，对快离子导体中三元玻璃体的离子导电机理作微观理论阐述．     

STATIONARITY OF A CLASS OF LARGE-SCALE DISCRETE-TIME STOCHASTIC SYSTEMS

ＳＴＡＴＩＯＮＡＲＩＴＹＯＦＡＣＬＡＳＳＯＦＬＡＲＧＥ－ＳＣＡＬＥＤＩＳＣＲＥＴＥ－ＴＩＭＥＳＴＯＣＣＨＡＳＴＩＣＳＹＳＴＥＭＳＷａｎｇＴａｏ（王涛）；ＳｈｅｎｇＺｈａｏｈａｎ（盛昭瀚）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＳｙｓｔｅｍｓＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ）Ｓ...     

IMPROVEMENT OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION—THE CASE OF SUBTRACTION

The research study this article is based on aims to implement research knowledge to teaching, that is, the concept of critical aspects and dimensions of variation used in the variation theory. To do this, the researchers worked with willing teachers to explore how to make mathematics teaching more effective. This paper illustrates how teachers make use of a learning theory, the variation theory, as well as their own professional expertise and collaboration to help students improve their mathematical understanding of subtraction as well as their learning of it. The students’ tests, examinations of students’ mathematical work, the teachers’ lessons plan and reports of the instructions for lessons form the data base for the article. The analysis indicates that one of the critical aspects in the process of implementation of the variation theory in the teachers’ practice was to identify the critical aspects in students’ learning. Another critical aspect in the implementation of the variation theory was to open up dimensions of variation in the identified critical aspects of the students. By giving teachers the possibility to develop the ability to identify critical aspects in students’ learning, dimensions of variation are opened up in these aspects, and by applying this knowledge in the daily teaching, they have the possibility to improve students’ learning. The findings suggest that developing an understanding of the students’ critical aspects can be a productive basis in helping teachers make fundamental changes in their instructions and improve students’ learning.     

LETTER OF CONGRATULATION

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