Key factors and generation mechanisms of open government data performance: A mixed methods study in the case of China

Open government data (OGD) has attracted widespread attention and has been widely carried out on a global scale. With further promotion, OGD performance becomes a hot topic and meaningful enough for in-depth exploration. This research focuses on the influential factors and generation mechanisms of OGD performance. Based on the resource-based theory and institutional theory, this paper constructs a model from multiple dimensions of internal resources and external pressures. Subsequently, from the 122 cities in China that have constructed OGD platforms, this study adopts a mixed research methods approach, which combines the regression analysis method and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). The regression analysis results show that the organization arrangement, legal and policy, and horizontal pressure have direct positive effects on OGD performance. On this basis, this paper use QCA method to explore the configuration paths for the generation of OGD performance of cities in different geographic regions and at different administrative ranks levels. The QCA results provide different configuration paths to achieve better OGD performance, which verified the conclusions drawn by the regression analysis, also provides alternative paths for governments with different characteristics. This paper enriches the studies on OGD performance and provides more targeted paths together with references for the implementation of OGD.     

论档案内容管理的理论体系与技术路径

在迅速升级迭代的互联网环境中,存量与增量档案资源都迫切需要得到高效管理与利用。档案内容管理理论与实践为我们解决这一现实问题奠定了基础。本文通过文献调查和对档案内容管理实践发展的分析,总结了档案内容管理的三层概念内涵,提出档案内容管理的技术衍生融合、档案内容管理系统及其应用、档案内容管理本体、档案内容管理服务四个理论体系,并在现有信息资源管理理论框架内简要阐述了其技术实现路径。     

A prioritization-based analysis of local open government data portals: A case study of Chinese province-level governments

While most data originate within a local context, our knowledge about the realization of open government data (OGD) at local levels is limited due to the lack of systematic analysis of local OGD portals. Thus, we focus on a core question about analysing and guiding the development of local OGD portals. An evaluation framework is developed based on the comparison of related studies and principles. To fill the gap in existing frameworks which lack clarity in the prioritization process, Analytic Hierarchy Process together with an expert survey is used to derive priorities of elements of the framework. To test the capability of the framework in analysing and guiding the development of local OGD portals, a case study of Chinese province-level OGD portals has been carried out. Results show that data accessibility and quality matter more than data quantity for a local OGD portal. Currently, Chinese province-level OGD portals are in their infancy of development, with a great gap between Taiwan and Hong Kong with other portals. Data relating to local statistics, credit records, and budget and spending are well released on portals in China. Population size and the size and wealth of the local government show no significant relation with the number of datasets. By combining priorities of the framework with evaluation results, it could help local governments to recognise their present shortcomings and give them recommendations for recognizing directions for OGD portal's future development.     

在线教育平台用户持续使用行为研究的影响因素

影响因素分析是在线教育平台用户持续使用行为实证研究中的重要内容,能为相关领域的理论研究和管理实践提供借鉴和建议。文章以CNKI和WOS为数据源,通过关键词检索、追溯检索和数据清洗等步骤获取国内外近5年与研究主题高度相关的代表性文献37篇。整合信息生态理论和实证研究的分析流程形成研究框架,从信息人、信息、信息技术和信息环境等维度探究已有文献所涉及影响因素的研究现状和趋势。研究发现:影响因素研究尚缺乏架构性的系统梳理,基于信息生态理论和实证研究范式对影响因素展开系统研究具有可行性和可靠性。未来,对个体特征更深入的探究、基于教育本质的跨学科多元融合、新兴技术和产业发展前沿、差异性环境等将赋予影响因素研究更为丰富的内容。     

政府数据开放准备度关键影响因素识别——以省级地方政府为例

[目的/意义]政府数据开放的准备度是为向社会提供更高价值数据所做准备的完善程度,考察影响地方政府数据开放准备度的差异影响因素并据此提出推进路径,旨在促进数据开放实践可持续.[方法/过程]运用定性比较分析方法,以13个省级政府数据开放准备度政策等作为研究样本,分析影响政府数据开放准备度的多种因素的"联合效应"和各因素之间...     

数字文化遗产协同治理:逻辑框架、案例审视与实现路径

[目的/意义]随着数字文化遗产日益普遍化,其资源建设、技术赋能、服务供给等亟需通过协同治理实现提质增效。[方法/过程]首先,通过文献研究法,论述数字文化遗产协同治理提出的合理性;其次,采用内容分析法,从论文、政策等文本中析出文化遗产治理中的协同要素,结合数字文化遗产特性构建其协同治理的逻辑框架;最后,借助案例分析法,选取 Europeana项目进行映射分析,验证上述逻辑框架并探讨其实现路径。[结果/结论]数字文化遗产协同治理的逻辑框架主要由主体协同、资源协同、服务协同与技术协同构成,并在实践中有所验证。其实现路径包括:缔造多主体合作网络、创设统一化标准方案、打造各色多元资源服务、提供可操作技术方案。     

基于关联数据的政府数据开放:模式、方法与实现——以上海市政府开放数据为例

[目的/意义]政府数据开放已经成为大数据发展的重要数据来源。探讨基于关联数据的政府数据开放模式和过程,为政府数据的有效开放和充分利用提供帮助。[方法/过程]对政府数据开放的模式和方法进行讨论,提出基于关联数据和"先发布、后关联"的两步式政府数据开放模式,以上海市政府开放数据为例,分析和阐述该模式的3个主要过程及其关键问题的具体实现方法,包括描述与发布、关联与组织、服务与使用。[结果/结论]为关联开放政府数据的研究和实践提供了一个可行的模式和方法参考。     

The role of policy entrepreneurs in open government data policy innovation diffusion: An analysis of Australian Federal and State Governments

Open government data (OGD) policy differs substantially from the existing Freedom of Information policies. Consequently OGD can be viewed as a policy innovation. Drawing on both innovation diffusion theory and its application to public policy innovation research, we examine Australia's OGD policy diffusion patterns at both the federal and state government levels based on the policy adoption timing and CKAN portal “Organization” and “Category” statistics. We found that state governments that had adopted OGD policies earlier had active policy entrepreneurs (or lead departments/agencies) responsible for the policy innovation diffusion across the different government departments. We also found that their efficacy ranking was relatively high in terms of OGD portal openness when openness is measured by the greater number of datasets proactively and systematically published through their OGD portals. These findings have important implications for the role played by OGD policy entrepreneurs in openly sharing the government-owned datasets with the public.     

The adoption of centralized customer service systems: A survey of local governments

This study examines the adoption of centralized customer service systems in local governments in the United States. Survey data is used to show the relationship between different factors of E-Government adoption and the implementation of this information technology (IT). The results of this study show that the adoption of a centralized customer service system was related to the form of government that the local government had and being located in a central city. The results also indicated that the sophistication of the local government's website was related to the adoption of a centralized customer service system. The results of this study did not support the claim that larger cities are more likely to be adopters of this type of IT. Other results indicate that only 15% of local governments have adopted this IT. These information systems are well-integrated with existing online communication methods such as email and the internet. The information from this IT is commonly used by local governments for performance management and budget development.     

国内开放政府数据政策研究述评

[目的/意义]政策是开放政府数据生态系统中至关重要的要素。对开放政府数据政策的研究成果进行述评,为我国开放政府数据政策制定提供政策方案,同时为深入开展政策研究提供参考和指南。[方法/过程]采用文献调研法,对开放政府数据政策相关的研究进行系统梳理和归纳,在此基础上对现有研究进行全面评价并提出未来研究方向。[结果/结论]研究表明,目前我国开放政府数据政策的研究主要集中在开放数据政策环境研究、开放数据政策制定和执行三个方面。现有研究的局限具体表现在：注重国外经验性研究,对我国政策的研究较少;研究较为零碎和抽象,缺乏系统性和具体性。未来应就开放数据政策内容体系特别是数据资产管理政策、政策执行的协调机制、参与机制和监督机制,以及现有政策的适应性等进行深入研究。     

Factors for e-voting adoption - analysis of general elections in Nigeria

The adoption and use of e-voting technologies in major elections remain largely problematic regardless of where they are implemented. This has motivated a number of survey-based empirical studies on determining important factors for e-voting adoption based on existing technology adoption models. However, there is a paucity of studies, which provide deep insights and understanding of core issues involved in e-voting adoption success or failures in different contexts. This article describes an ethnography carried out with the goal to understand factors that support or inhibit e-voting adoption based on detailed data collected during the 2011 Nigerian General Elections. By consolidating existing e-voting adoption models and a multi-level innovation adoption model into an analytical framework, we analysed the observations made by one of the authors as a participant in the adoption and implementation of the e-voting initiative as well as the post-election reports. Our findings are synthesized into a multi-level e-voting adoption model. In addition, we catalog a number of factors that could negatively affect e-voting adoption in a similar environment. Our results contribute to advancing theory building in e-voting adoption while it provides practitioners with a concrete checklist of success factors and barriers for adopting e-voting technologies.     

Open data policies,their implementation and impact: A framework for comparison

In developing open data policies, governments aim to stimulate and guide the publication of government data and to gain advantages from its use. Currently there is a multiplicity of open data policies at various levels of government, whereas very little systematic and structured research has been done on the issues that are covered by open data policies, their intent and actual impact. Furthermore, no suitable framework for comparing open data policies is available, as open data is a recent phenomenon and is thus in an early stage of development. In order to help bring about a better understanding of the common and differentiating elements in the policies and to identify the factors affecting the variation in policies, this paper develops a framework for comparing open data policies. The framework includes the factors of environment and context, policy content, performance indicators and public values. Using this framework, seven Dutch governmental policies at different government levels are compared. The comparison shows both similarities and differences among open data policies, providing opportunities to learn from each other's policies. The findings suggest that current policies are rather inward looking, open data policies can be improved by collaborating with other organizations, focusing on the impact of the policy, stimulating the use of open data and looking at the need to create a culture in which publicizing data is incorporated in daily working processes. The findings could contribute to the development of new open data policies and the improvement of existing open data policies.     

基于关联数据的知识组织深度序化机制研究

[目的/意义] 从关联数据在知识组织与控制中的应用为切入点,进一步揭示基于关联数据的知识组织深度序化机制,促进关联数据技术在知识组织、知识发现领域的应用。[方法/过程] 通过系统分析法提出"三位一体"的语义组织框架,分析基于关联数据的知识组织语义序化机制,并以机构知识库关联数据的构建发布为例说明语义序化机制具体实现路径。[结果/结论] 本体与关联数据驱动的语义检索服务体现了基于关联数据的知识组织深度序化机制。研究表明,关联数据作为轻量级的语义网实现方式,为知识组织的深度序化提供了语义化的技术、方法、工具和实现路径,为知识发现、知识推理提供了基础。     

《科学数据管理办法》落实现状、影响因素及推进策略研究

[目的/意义]对《科学数据管理办法》出台以来的相关研究、落实情况及落实的影响因素等相关问题进行探讨,以期为《科学数据管理办法》的进一步落实提供参考与借鉴.[方法/过程]首先,系统梳理《科学数据管理办法》的相关研究成果;然后,调研科学数据管理利益相关机构对《科学数据管理办法》的落实情况;其次,从积极和消极两个方面分析《科...     

Towards a model of research data management readiness in Indonesian context: An investigation of factors and indicators through the fuzzy delphi method

The research data management (RDM) readiness model assists research institutions in measuring their readiness level and identifying gaps to develop a strategy for implementing RDM. The technology, organization, people, and environment (TOPE) framework was used as a guideline in selecting the appropriate factors and indicators. The fuzzy delphi method was employed to validate the factors and indicators derived from the literature review. Hardware, policy, management support, organizational structure, situation awareness, training, and funder policy are all factors that reached the expert consensus. Strategy is a factor that included two indicators that did not reach expert consensus. The final result of the analysis indicates that the proposed readiness model should include 13 factors with 32 indicators. This study reveals that the environment is a key dimension of RDM readiness, which previous studies have not discussed. Moreover, research institutions can employ the model to assess their readiness and identify areas for improvement, and to potentially reduce failures in RDM implementation.     

Factors in the adoption of open government initiatives in Spanish local governments

The Open Government Data (OGD) projects have spread rapidly in recent years, given that they involve a great transformative potential, whose aims to guarantee transparent government and stimulate the participation and citizenry engagement. It seems that there is a lack of studies analysing factors regarding both the access to OG projects and the volume and format of data published into OGD projects. Therefore, this paper seeks to identify main factors affecting both the way of accessing the OG projects and the volume and format of data published into OGD projects in larger Spanish municipalities (with >50,000 inhabitants and a sample of 145 municipalities). Our main findings seem to point out the intention of sample governments to increase their information disclosure as a way for enhancing their reputation or government's image introducing OGDPs initiatives. Also, it revels differences among analysed municipalities regarding the context in which the information is disclosed.     

新技术环境下电子文件管理纵深发展关键问题分析

新技术革新和法律环境的逐步成熟为电子文件管理的纵深发展提供了必要条件,电子文件管理当前迫切需要解决自下而上的理论准备和技术落地等关键问题。通过分析档案对象管理"从数字到数据""从可读到可信""从要素到空间"三大演变趋势,研究面临的问题和挑战,进而从三个方向提出了应对举措:即构建相对完备的理论框架、构建面向三态的规范体系和构建面向实现的行业生态。档案信息化在实现档案工作从模拟空间向数字空间迁移的过程中,需要电子文件管理的理论创新突破并提供引导。"三构"设想的提出,对电子文件的未来发展研究和管理实践提供了方向和路径。     

“Omega is a Four-Letter Word”: Toward a Tension-Centered Model of Resistance to Information and Communication Technologies

The adoption of enterprise-wide information and communication technologies (ICTs) has become a growing trend in a wide range of industries. Resistance has been identified as one of the most common reasons for unsuccessful implementations. Assuming technologies as fixed objects, many existing theories tend to reduce resistance to psychological mechanisms or structural misalignment. The purpose of this study is to retheorize resistance to ICTs by integrating a social constructionist perspective of technology and a framework of organizational tensions. By employing qualitative methods, a case study examined the adoption, implementation and use of an enterprise-wide software system in a technology service organization. The in-depth case analysis revealed a tension-centered process model, which shows that resistance to ICTs is constituted in a dynamic, reflexive interplay between the ongoing construction of ICTs and organizational tensions. In this process, an ICT adoption brings into play various organizational tensions, which then shape the interpretations of the ICT in oppositional terms, and reactions to these tensions and oppositional interpretations result in various forms of resistance behaviors. This tension-centered process model offers a useful alternative to existing research on resistance to ICTs in the workplace.     

深化知识组织学科理念 推动知识组织学科建设——评《知识组织理论与方法》

由王知津教授等人编著的《知识组织理论与方法》在已有研究成果的基础上,全面、系统、深入地分析了知识组织的理论、方法及其技术应用。该著作脉络清晰,体系完善;理论、方法与应用有机结合,深化学科理念;首次对知识组织的环境因素进行考究,并结合实例进行深入探讨;为构建知识组织学科理论体系做出了有益尝试。     

非正式科学教育效果评估框架构建研究——基于科普场馆展览展品的传播效果评估

非正式科学教育对公民科学素质提升具有重要意义。本文依托国内外已有的理论和经验,运用传播学理论观点,从观众自身因素和外部环境因素入手,对基于展览展品的科普场馆非正式科学教育效果的影响因素进行分析,以科普场馆教育功能的开发和实现作为评估最核心的内容,构建传播效果评估指标框架,为科普场馆科学教育的设计和实施提供考核、监督、管理的依据。