Who are We?

This article scrutinises the usage of the words “we”, “us” and “our” by BBC radio journalists when reporting and discussing news and current affairs. By analysing reports and discussions on the “flagship” Radio 4 Today, a daily news programme whose centrality to political and public debate is widely recognised, the article raises substantive questions about clarity, accuracy and impartiality in senior broadcast journalists’ choice of language. In exploring the assumptions which may underlie the invocation, via such language choices, of an implied community, and against the backdrop of the BBC's commitment to impartiality in its Editorial Guidelines, the article identifies numerous recent examples where the choice of words and identifiers can be seen as undermining the BBC's impartiality and which show several of its senior journalists adopting the first-person plural “we” when reporting on matters of public policy. The findings therefore indicate a general need to codify norms which are seen to integrate the need for accuracy as well as impartiality, and for these norms to take into account issues which might at first glance seem to be inconsequential, micro-level features of the journalists’ language. The evidence suggests that more fine-grained guidelines on permissible circumstances for BBC journalists’ usage of “we” and “our” need revising and disseminating in the light of these findings.     

Equal Time in Prime Time? Scheduling Favoritism and Gender on the Broadcast Networks

This study examines the relationship between broadcast network scheduling practices and representation of women on screen and behind the scenes in the 7999-2000 prime-time season. Drawing on previous re- search of scheduling practices and organizational theory, the researchers posited and found that programs airing on the weblets (WB, UPN) employ greater percentages of women on screen and behind the scenes than the big three networks (ABC, CBS, NBC) or Fox. In addition, women working behind the scenes on the weblets correlated with higher representation of female characters when compared to the big three networks and Fox. Moreover, weblet programs featuring women on screen and behind the scenes enjoyed more favorable scheduling practices than those on the big three networks and Fox. The authors concluded that the weblets provide a more hospitable environment for women than the more established networks.     

What are the Read Codes?

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Where are you Coming from?

The increasing prominence of transparency as a news value warrants discussion over its effects in various forms of media. Literary journalism provides a useful platform to assess the function of transparency because of its position on the margins of mainstream journalistic practice. This paper analyses the function of disclosure and participatory transparency against the truth-claims of a book-length work of literary journalism. It concludes that while transparency is valuable in building a journalist's credibility, significant thought needs to be given to how disclosure transparency interacts with the rhetorical effects of narrative in sustaining the truth-claims made about a text.     

Copyright: where are we now?

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Who are the self‐publishers?

This paper describes new research into the motivations, demographics, processes, and outcomes of self‐publishing authors of books. The findings challenge traditionally held notions about self‐publishing being a process undertaken by the untalented, as a last resort. The cohort studied emerges as highly educated, often well informed about the publishing process, and generally very positive about the self‐publishing experience. As the number of people self‐publishing continues to grow and associated technology progresses, a number of fundamental implications for stakeholders in both the non‐fiction and fiction publishing business pipelines are noted. With disintermediation now widespread, there will be increased pressure on the traditional industry to adapt its business models and focus on adding value. At the same time, opportunities in publishing services can be identified and the role of the author is significantly enhanced. Parallels between the cultures and processes of academic and self‐publishing authors are discussed; these will set the scene for future research.     

Who are the independent editors,how did they reach their role and what are their associated job satisfactions?

This paper presents new evidence on the world of the independent editor in the publishing industry, analysing their demographic background, education and training, working practices, links with professional organizations, motivations for ‘going it alone‘, and job satisfaction. The results help contribute to the understanding of this important and growing segment of the publishing industry, challenge some of the commonly held beliefs about their role in the industry and set these within the broader context of changes in work organization in publishing. Contrary to the assumption that self‐publishing largely takes place without the involvement of an editor, research into the processes of self‐publishing (previously published in this journal) found that editors (and other providers of publishing services) were in fact often involved. The results are significant for the traditional publishing industry, the users of independent editorial services, and the editors themselves.     

Impact of the Internet on collection development: where are we now? Where are we headed? An informal study

Forty-one bibliographers described how the Internet has changed their work, and six library directors speculated about future change. Findings confirm that responding bibliographers collect Internet resources and make broad use of the Internet as a collection tool, while the directors see their libraries as well-positioned for an uncertain future.     

How prevalent are plagiarized submissions? Global survey of editors

Most analyses of plagiarism focus on published content and do not report on the prevalence of plagiarism in submitted articles. Fears over large‐scale plagiarism, particularly in articles submitted by authors for whom English is a second language, have only been investigated in small publishing communities or using duplication‐checking analysis, which does not separate legitimate from unacceptable duplication. This research surveyed journal editors from around the world to ascertain recent (past year) experiences of plagiarized and/or duplicated submissions. We then compared their experiences to their assumptions about global levels of plagiarism. The survey received 372 responses, including 119 from Asian editors, 112 from European editors, and 57 from editors in North America. The respondents estimated that c.15% of all submissions contained plagiarized or duplicated content, although their own experiences were in the range of 2–5% of submissions. Of the respondents, 42% reported no incidence of plagiarized or duplicated submissions in the past year. Asian editors experienced the highest levels of plagiarized/duplicated content, although most of the problem articles were resolved, indicating that most of the identified duplication constituted relatively minor problems, rather than fraudulent plagiarism.     

As others see us — and as we really are

The field of Speech is faced with a number of misconceptions which should be noted by members of our profession in order that the essential nature of each of these “images”; can be properly understood and that a reasoned and documented reply can be provided. Each of these misconceptions has important implications in terms of our general status in society and also in terms of our academic status — place in the hierarchy of disciplines, Curricula, courses, degree programs, etc.     

Why European Universities and Funding Agencies are Committing to Open Access

New opportunities presented by technological developments are being realised but more can be achieved in opening access to scientific reports and data. Funding agencies and universities are beginning to realise the benefits from an open access model for the dissemination of research results. European funding agencies and universities are following two strategies towards open access, the deposit of research reports in repositories and the conversion of journals to an open access business model. Various public statements have been made in support of open access, and several organizations-such as JISC in the UK-are undertaking work to assist all stakeholders in scholarly communication in introducing beneficial changes.     

How are electronic journals and CD-ROMs being accepted in Japan?

The market for electronic journals and CD-ROMs in Japan is analysed. The electronic journal is changing the roles of the main players: publishers, libraries, and agents. Publishers go directly to libraries, while agents are trying to survive as coordinators for libraries to finalize licence agreements. CD-ROMs are selling as an alternative to books although not all the advantages of their digital format are yet being fully exploited. The time, however, is close when CD-ROMs will generate revenue by usage through a campus local area network.     

So,are early career researchers the harbingers of change?

This article provides the final results of a 3‐year study that sought to discover whether early career researchers (ECRs) were the harbingers of change with respect to scholarly communications. Over a hundred science and social science ECRs from seven countries, spanning three continents, were depth‐interviewed annually for 3 years (2016–2018) about their attitudes and behaviours with respect to 23 scholarly issues and activities (aspects). In order to provide an accessible overarching assessment of an extremely large and complex dataset, the interview data were categorized according to the strength and direction of change exhibited and the trends and points of interest raised. Results show that all ECRs have changed in one way or another, and a small minority has changed greatly in both attitude and practice and that collaboration and research impact are the scholarly aspects where most changes have occurred, and the greatest cause of change is not so much new technology as a change of jobs.