Two-year follow-up study of cognitive behavioral therapy for sexually abused children suffering post-traumatic stress symptoms

OBJECTIVE: The present study sought to determine whether the 12-session pre- to posttest therapeutic gains that had been found by Deblinger, Lippmann. and Steer (1996) for an initial sample of 100 sexually abused children suffering posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms would be sustained 2 years after treatment. METHOD: These sexually abused children, along with their nonoffending mothers, had been randomly assigned to one of three cognitive-behavioral treatment conditions, child only, mother only, or mother and child, or a community comparison condition, and were followed for 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after treatment. RESULTS: A series of repeated MANCOVAs, controlling for the pre-test scores, indicated that for the three measures of psychopathology that had significantly decreased in the original study (i.e., externalizing behavior problems, depression, and PTSD symptoms), these measures at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years were comparable to the posttest scores. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the pre- to post-treatment improvements held across the 2-year follow-up period. The clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed.     

语言理解及表达力先天发育水平表现因素研究

为了最大限度减少后天因素对语言理解及表达力先天发育水平的影响,以3岁幼儿为研究对象,在分析现有对语言理解及表达力研究的基础上,提出语言理解及表达力表现因素测评指标框架,依据其共性表现因素并结合3岁幼儿语言理解及表达力的个性表现,进行了测评指标实验研究。对西安地区不同水平幼儿园随机抽样的297名儿童进行测评,结果表明这种测评方法具有普适性与可操作性。     

Sensitivity to rhythmic parameters in dyslexic children: a comparison of Hungarian and English

It has been proposed that sensitivity to the parameters underlying speech rhythm may be important in setting up well-specified phonological representations in the mental lexicon. However, different acoustic parameters may contribute differentially to rhythm and stress in different languages. Here we contrast sensitivity to one such cue, amplitude envelope onset (rise time), in dyslexic and normally-developing children in two languages, Hungarian and English, ages from 7 to 11. Dyslexic and control children received phonological tasks, reading and spelling tasks and auditory processing tasks. While sensitivity to rise time was related to phonological representation in both languages, clear differences were found between languages. It is suggested that these differences may reflect differential language-specific weighting of different acoustic cues to rhythm and stress.

瞬时受体电位通道TRPV1、TRPA1和TRPM8拮抗剂在小鼠神经源性和神经病理性疼痛模型中的镇痛作用(英文)

目的:评价瞬时受体电位通道(TRP通道)TRPV1、TRPA1和TRPM8拮抗剂在小鼠神经源性、持续性和神经病理性疼痛模型中的作用。方法:通过辣椒素实验、异硫氰酸烯丙酯(AITC)实验和福尔马林实验,评估TRP通道拮抗剂在小鼠神经源性疼痛模型中的镇痛作用;通过建立紫杉醇诱导的小鼠神经病理性疼痛模型,对TRP通道拮抗剂的抗痛觉(冷、热、触觉)过敏效应进行评估;通过旋转法实验对小鼠的运动协调性进行评估。结论:TRP通道家族包含了不同的小鼠疼痛模型。TRP通道拮抗剂能减轻神经源性、持续性和神经病理性疼痛,但是其镇痛效果与疼痛模型有关。     

Novel mutation c.980_983delATTA compound with c.986C>A mutation of the FRMD7 gene in a Chinese family with X-linked idiopathic congenital nystagmus

Objective

To screen mutations in FERM domain-containing protein 7 (FRMD7) gene in two Chinese families with X-linked idiopathic congenital nystagmus (XLICN).

Methods

Common ophthalmic data and peripheral blood of two Chinese XLICN families (families A and B) were collected after informed consent. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral blood of members of the two families and from 100 normal controls. Mutations in the FRMD7 gene were determined by directly sequencing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products.

Results

We identified a novel mutation c.980_983delATTA compound with c.986C>A mutation in the 11th exon of FRMD7 in family B, and a previously reported splicing mutation c.782G>C (p.R261G) in family A. The mutations were detected in patients and female carriers, while they were absent in other relatives or in the 100 normal controls.

Conclusions

Our results expand the spectrum of FRMD7 mutations in association with XLICN, and further confirm that the mutations of FRMD7 are the underlying molecular mechanism for XLICN.     

Follow-up of children “at risk” of child abuse: Effect of support on emotional and intellectual development

This study is a follow-up of 47 children previously reported, who were referred to one paediatric unit and found to be “at risk” of child abuse. They were classified as “Satisfactory” (12), “Unsatisfactory” (18), and “Uncertain” (17), on the basis of breakdown of natural parenting, growth failure, developmental delay, behaviour disturbance and nonaccidental injury. Three years later, of 6 “unsatisfactory” children still with natural parents, 3 were unchanged and 3 had deteriorated. Of 10 fostered children from this group, 4 were considered normal and 5 had improved. Of 17 children in the “Uncertain” group, 3 are reclassified as “Satisfactory,” 3 are now “Unsatisfactory” and in 3 significant organic disease makes attribution of disability difficult. Ten out of 12 children in the “Satisfactory” group have remained in this category. These findings point to the conclusion that in those families where child rearing practices are so poor as to produce emotional and developmental impairment, the usual social work support and other conventional methods are not able to reverse the harm and in some cases to prevent further deterioration.     

补码一位除法的证明及教学方法探讨

补码一位除法加减交替法的证明及其课堂教学方法的探讨。     

Development of children with autism spectrum disorders in special needs education schools in the Netherlands: a three-year follow-up study

The purpose of the study was to investigate the development of symptomatology and academic growth of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) attending a special needs education school in the Netherlands as well as to explore the relationship between academic achievement and symptom reduction of those children. To this end a three-year follow up study was conducted by using multiple informants. The group of children with autism was compared with a group of children having other diagnoses but attending the same school. Results showed that teachers’ and parents’ perceptions about children’s symptomatology development differed significantly. Even though teachers reported a significant symptom reduction of ASD symptoms after two years of school attendance the parents of the same children did not. Furthermore, it was found that both groups of children had gains in different aspects of school-based cognitive skills; however, no association was found between symptom reduction and academic growth of the children. Implications of the study are discussed.     

Delivering reading intervention to the poorest children: The case of Liberia and EGRA-Plus,a primary grade reading assessment and intervention

As governments, donors and implementation organisations re-focus Education for All Goals in terms of quality of education, increasing concerns have been raised over low literacy levels in developing countries. This paper provides key learning from the application of an early reading intervention applied in post-conflict Liberia, which included a robust assessment tool (Early Grade Reading Assessment) to measure the impact of the programme on students’ reading levels. A rationale for the design and methodology applied by the two implementing organisations (Research Triangle Institute (RTI) and Concern Worldwide) is provided, situated within the Liberian education context. The paper demonstrates the positive impact on programme quality, contextual relevancy and scale-up that a diagnostic baseline assessment has when linked to a tailored literacy intervention. Lessons learnt are presented to guide the identification of best practice in early literacy interventions at national-level and internationally.     

Antecedents to reading disability: Preschool language development and literacy experiences of children from dyslexic families

In a longitudinal study of the relation between preschool development and later reading abilities, children with dyslexic parents and/or older siblings were compared to children with no family incidence of dyslexia. Many children from dyslexic families developed reading problems by the end of the second grade, and these poor readers were characterized chiefly by weaker early syntactic and phonological skills and by less frequent exposure to books during their preschool years than the preschoolers who became normal readers. Some implications of the results for etiological theories of dyslexia are discussed.     

Dopamine receptor D2 polymorphism is associated with alleviation of obesity after 8-year follow-up: a retrospective cohort study in obese Chinese children and adolescents

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore the association of dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) polymorphism and alleviation of obesity in children and adolescents after 8-year follow-up.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included obese children and adolescents with a follow-up period of 8 years. Baseline clinical characteristics and DRD2 polymorphisms (including rs1076562, rs2075654, and rs4586205) were extracted from medical records. A follow-up visit was performed in May 2017 to collect related data including height, weight, diet compliance, and exercise compliance.

Results

One hundred and nine obese children and adolescents were included in the current study. Among three DRD2 single nucleotide polymorphisms, only rs2075654 had a statistically significant association with alleviation of obesity, as the alleviation rate for minor allele carriers (68.6% for TC+TT) was higher compared to the major allele homozygote (43.3% for CC). After adjusting for all related factors, the hazard ratio of rs2075654 minor allele carriers for the alleviation of obesity was 3.34 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30?8.58).

Conclusions

The rs2075654 polymorphism of DRD2 is related to long-term obesity alleviation in obese Chinese children and adolescents.

     

将电子工艺实习与后续课程实践紧密结合的探索与实践

分析了电子工艺实习的现状,指出其成本偏高、实习作品利用率不高且与后续课程结合不够紧密的问题,提出了一个电子工艺实习内容的优化设计方案——设计制作STC89C52单片机最小系统。该设计既可锻炼学生的专业基本技能,其实习成果还可以为后续单片机原理及接口技术课程提供一个辅助的实验平台。现已用于后续单片机原理及接口技术课程的课后实验,这对现有实验设备是一个很好的补充,可激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学习效率,且其成本低,可减轻学生购买专业实验设备的负担,有一定的使用和推广价值。     

Treatment of 140 cerebral palsied children with a combined method based on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and western medicine

Objective:To observe and evaluate a method that is effective and practical for treatment of cerebral palsied(CP)children in China.Method:The patient's age and disease type and individual specific conditions were considered in choosingtherapy methods accordingly:Chinese herbs,acupuncture,auricnlar seed pressure,point finger pressing,massage,orthopedichand manipulation,physiotherapy,occupational therapy,language therapy,etc.Meanwhile we created a new CP treatment modelthat combines hospitalized treatment with family therapy.Results:The majority of CP patients improved greatly in motor andsocial adaptation capacities after treatment.Wilcoxon paired rank sum test analysis showed that there were significant differencesbetween the data before and after treatment(P＜0.01).Conclusion:This combined therapy method,based on traditional Chinesemedicine and western medicine plus family supplemental therapy,is an effective and practical treatment strategy for CP children inChina.     

Distinctive patterns of relationship of phonological awareness and working memory with reading development

The purpose of this study was to assess the contributions of specific components of verbal and nonverbal working memory and of phonological awareness to the prediction of reading achievement. One hundred and three children from grades 1, 2, and 3 were administered a measure of phonological awareness, four measures of working memory, four measures of academic achievement, and a measure of verbal intelligence. Separate multiple regression analyses controlling for the effects of age, sex and verbal intelligence showed that tests of verbal memory and of direct recall significantly predicted reading and spelling achievement whereas tests of backward recall significantly predicted only pseudoword identification. Phonological awareness was also found to relate significantly to reading and spelling achievement even when working memory was partialled out. Thus, phonological awareness and measures of working memory predicted specific and significant amounts of variance in reading and spelling achievement. Further, none of these measures were specifically related to arithmetic achievement. The specific roles of phonological awareness and working memory in reading development are examined in the discussion.     

以科学发展观指导大学生思想政治教育的创新

科学发展观是马克思主义中国化的最新成果,对于指导大学生思想政治教育创新具有重要意义。当前,大学生思想政治教育所面临的要求、环境、对象等要素都发生了很大变化。高校必须坚持发展的观点,深化教育内容的创新;坚持以人为本的观点,强化教育理念的创新;坚持全面协调可持续的观点,推进教育体制机制的创新;坚持统筹兼顾的观点,注重教育方法的创新。     

以科学发展观为指导 不断加强纪检监察干部队伍建设

今年是纪检监察工作恢复30周年,30年来党的纪检监察工作取得了巨大的成绩。纪检监察工作要大力推进党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争,为国家发展的大局服务,必须以科学发展观为指导,努力建设一支政治坚强、公正清廉、纪律严明、业务精通、作风优良的纪检监察队伍。     

试论艺术教育资源开发与特色校园文化建设的互动

高校艺术教育资源开发与特色校园文化建设的互动具有理论与实践的可行性。文章分析了两者的互动关系，并构思出互动的模式。     

谈构建中国特色的马克思主义文艺学

进入21世纪,中国文艺学在面临新的发展机遇的同时,也面临着新的问题与挑战。如何建设中国特色的文艺学一直是学界不断探讨、研究的新课题。在当前全球化、信息化与市场化的大背景下,建设中国特色的文艺学,必须坚持马克思主义的基本原理同中国当代的具体实践相结合,坚持马克思主义为指导,繁荣发展中国文艺学;坚持中国化、民族化原则,批判地吸收中外古今文论;坚持以人为本的科学发展观,把人的利益作为文艺学建设与发展的出发点、落脚点与着眼点,不断满足人民群众日益增长的精神文化需要,全面建设中国特色的马克思主义文艺学。     

以改革创新党建工作引领广播电视大学的发展

随着当前国内外形势的发展变化和高等教育改革的深入推进,高校党建工作面临新问题和新挑战,广播电视大学如何应对这些新情况并有效改革和创新党建工作,对于促进电大转型发展具有重要意义。本文就改革创新党建工作与加强思想政治教育、提升党员干部队伍素质、增强学校党组织的纯洁性和创建平安和谐校园等问题进行了探讨,以期通过改革创新党建工作,保障学校＂两个走在前面＂战略目标的实现。     

中西合璧的“宁馨儿”--从闻一多格律诗的后续影响谈起

闻一多是新诗格律理论的奠基者,他的格律诗对二十年代后期的中国诗坛产生了较大的影响。本文试图独辟蹊径,从闻一多格律诗的后续影响谈起,从而追溯新格律诗独特的理论美学建构,并对其优缺点进行探讨。