职业教育课程的普通论与专业论

在职业教育课程思想史上,普通论与专业论的论争几乎伴随了整个近代职业教育发展过程,并一直持续到今天,成为当前职业教育课程实践的三大两难问题之一。本文首先系统地描述了这一论争过程,然后探讨了这一两难问题的当代意义及解决方案。这是个二者必居其一的选择,专业化是现代职业教育的根本目标,但普通化也应当是不可忽视的目标。解决这一矛盾的关键是要看到二者之间的连续性,策略上则可通过专业化达成普通化目标。     

高职教育课程重建的正途——构建以就业为导向的现代课程体系

中国高职教育正从初创期向成熟期过渡,亦即进入"内涵式发展"阶段。课程重建乃是时势所需。高职教育课程重建的正途,是以现代课程理论为支撑,构建以就业为导向的现代课程体系。课程的高职范式由此而诞生。     

职技高师教育学科课程体系的建构

对职业技术师范教育的师范性的重新闻释，必然要关注其教育学科课程体系的解构与重构。随着教育科学的繁荣与学科资源的不断丰富，高师教育课程结构的调整与内容的更新正喷薄欲出；另外，职业技术教育的强力发展也对职教师资的专业素养提出了更新更高的要求；同时，学术界已有了充足的关于教育学科课程结构改革的理论准备，也认识到教育学科课程教学时数的不够等等。职技高师教育学科课程体系的建构就是由这多重交织的因素推动的。建构的模式也是多样的，诸如学科学分模式、模块化模式、“4 2”模式等都是可供选择的流行模式。     

高职财务管理课程教学改革探析

财务管理课程作为会计专业及财务管理专业的核心课程,对于学习会计和财务管理的学生来说十分重要。本文本着高职教育的培养目标,在高职财务管理课程教学中,从教学内容,教师的教育观念,教学方法、教学手段和课程考核四个方面对该课程改革进行探析。     

Physician opinions about an anatomy core curriculum: A case for medical imaging and vertical integration

Pre‐clinical anatomy curricula must provide medical students with the knowledge needed in a variety of medical and surgical specialties. But do physicians within specialties agree about what anatomical knowledge is most important in their practices? And, what is the common core of anatomical knowledge deemed essential by physicians in different specialties? Answers to these questions would be useful in designing pre‐clinical anatomy courses. The primary aim of this study was to assess the importance of a human gross anatomy course by soliciting the opinions of physicians from a range of specialties. We surveyed 93 physicians to determine the importance of specific anatomical topics in their own practices. Their responses were analyzed to assess variation in intra‐ and inter‐departmental attitudes toward the importance of anatomy. Nearly all of the topics taught in the course were deemed important by the clinicians as a group, but respondents showed little agreement on the rank order of importance of anatomical topics. Overall, only medical imaging received high importance by nearly all respondents, and lower importance was attached to embryology and lymphatic anatomy. Our survey data, however, also suggested distinct hierarchies in the importance assigned to anatomical topics within specialties. Given that physicians view the importance of anatomy differently, we suggest that students revisit anatomy through a vertically integrated curriculum tailored to provide specialty‐specific anatomical training to advanced students based on their areas of clinical interest. Integration of medical imaging into pre‐clinical anatomy courses, already underway in many medical schools, is of high clinical relevance. Anat Sci Educ 7: 251–261. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

Disability,curriculum and integration in China

ABSTRACT

Current data indicate that there are six million young people of school age with disabilities in China. Of these, only about 50 per cent attend any form of schooling, with approximately 220,000 of them enrolled in special schools and classes. The remainder attend regular classrooms. This means that there are about three million students with disabilities who at present lack any access to education. In May 1996 it was declared that in order to improve this situation, over the next five years, China plans to provide school places for 80 per cent of its disabled youngsters. In order to achieve this goal, the Chinese central education authorities have announced a significant change in policy direction towards integration. Instead of their previous commitment to the establishment of increasing numbers of special schools, it is now planned that the current number of about 1,400 special schools will be increased to 2,000, so that all regions of the country have access to at least one. At that point, no more special schools will be built. The extra places needed to increase the school attendance rate of youngsters with disabilities will be created in regular classes in regular schools. This paper gives an overview of the curriculum arrangements in China's four types of special schools, including their historical development, subjects taught, teaching arrangements and management. A number of difficulties confronting China's special education policy‐makers are canvassed and reasons suggested for their increasing commitment to a strategy of integration. It is proposed that China enjoys three advantages in the pursuit of an integrated school system.     

知识经济社会下中等职业教育课程设置的思考

知识经济社会的发展对劳动者提出了新的要求，针对当前中等职业教育课程设置存在的问题．提出应根据知识经济社会的要求去培养高素质的劳动者，并提出较为具体的课程设置建议。     

高职人文课程体系探讨

目前高职院校以行业和职业需求为主要价值取向,主要进行专业知识和专业技能教育,其人文课程体系中存在着体系分散、形式单一、内容陈旧等问题。高职院校需要通过建立与学分制相适应的人文课程体系和合理的课程文化以及开发相应的校本课程,有效地增强人文课程体系的时代性、灵活性、针对性,从而提高学生的人文素养。     

Implementing curriculum integration: The experiences of Korean elementary teachers

This study examines 1) how Korean elementary teachers implement curriculum integration in their teaching practice and 2) what Korean elementary teachers experience in implementing curriculum integration. Several issues evolved from the analysis of three teachers ’ experiences: firstly, the teachers ’ lack of theoretical frameworks for curriculum integration, secondly, the teachers ’ pragmatic approach to curriculum integration, and thirdly, the limitations on implementing curriculum integration. In order for curriculum integration to be properly implemented and sustained, teachers ’ roles in and understanding of the curricula are crucial. Thus, the implications of the findings are discussed in terms of teacher preparation and training.     

职业教育模块式课程体系设计的思考

近年,职业教育规模取得了跨越式的大发展,围绕职业教育质量提升的课程改革成了目前职业教育发展的核心问题。本文首先总结分析了国外四种职业教育模式的特征,然后借鉴国外成功经验,提出了适合中国特色的职业教育的模块式课程体系的课程结构和设计方法,并对模块式课程体系设计可能面临的问题做了进一步的思考。     

我国职业教育学科建设:使命与方略

我国职业教育学科建设在学科体系、学科梯队、学科成果、学科平台及学科反思方面取得了令人瞩目的成就。今后的主要任务是:谋划学科布局,明确主攻方向,构建学科体系,完善规训制度,创建研究学派。其建设策略是:着眼价值学科,丰满学科事实;着重应用研究,催生学科理论;着力人才培养,彰显学科功能;着实合作研究,打造学科精品;着手学科整合,构建学科文化。     

The integration of an anatomy massive open online course (MOOC) into a medical anatomy curriculum

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are designed as stand‐alone courses which can be accessed by any learner around the globe with only an internet‐enabled electronic device required. Although much research has focused on the enrolment and demographics of MOOCs, their impact on undergraduate campus‐based students is still unclear. This article explores the impact of integrating an anatomy MOOC in to the anatomy curriculum of a year 1 medical degree program at the University of Leeds, United Kingdom. The course did not replace any teaching that was already being delivered, and was used to supplement this teaching to support the students' consolidation and revision. Analysis of student feedback indicates a high level of usage, with evidence to suggest that female learners may have approached the course in a more personalized manner. Although the video based resources and quizzes were greatly appreciated as learning tools, significant evidence suggests the students did not engage, or were inclined to engage, with the discussion fora. Furthermore, a significant majority of students did not want the MOOC to replace the existing teaching they received. Given the feedback provided, this research suggests that although the student population believe there to be value in having access to MOOC material, their role as replacements to campus‐based teaching is not supported. Details regarding the enrolment and engagement of the general public with the MOOC during the two runs are also documented, with the suggestion that graduates employed in the healthcare sector were the primary users of the course. Anat Sci Educ 10: 53–67. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.     

Standardised curriculum and hermeneutics: the case of Australian vocational educators

Curriculum theorists have acknowledged the relevance of ‘hermeneutics’, or theory of interpretation and understanding, to curriculum studies. In the European ‘Didaktik’ tradition hermeneutics has also been applied to the curriculum work of educators, but such an extension is rarer in the Anglo-American tradition. Educators in the latter tradition are expected to implement rather than actively interpret standardised curriculum. However, working with standardised curriculum is a process rich with hermeneutic significance. In this paper educator work with one form of standardized curriculum, so-called ‘competency-based’ education, is investigated. The touchstone of this investigation is a small study of educator curriculum interpretation practices in the Australian vocational education system, a system that allows educators very little scope to exercise professional autonomy with respect to the content of learning. Wilhelm Dilthey’s seminal hermeneutic theory is used to analyse the interpretative work of these educators. The paper foregrounds the complexity of this hermeneutic practice and challenges the assumption that the interpretation of standardised curriculum is a straightforward process. The argument is made that Australia’s vocational education system underestimates the hermeneutic dimension of educator work and further complicates the process by promulgating a textual form that is hermeneutically ambiguous.     

浅谈高职院校“订单教育”校本课程的开发

本文根据现今高职院校订单教育发展现状及特点,提出订单教育校本课程开发迫在眉睫。本文阐述了订单教育校本课程开发的重要意义,并提出在订单教育校本课程开发过程中需要注意的一些问题。以求更好的推动订单教育校本课程的开发。     

关于农村职业教育课程建设的思考

课程建设问题是学校教育的核心问题。它直接影响着学校的办学方向和办学质量。目前，我国农村职业教育课程建设存在严重的“离农”现象，在一定程度上制约了农村职业教育的发展，也偏离了发展农村职业教育的初衷。农村职业教育只有面向“三农”，设置、开发、实施适应农村第一、第二、第三产业同时协调发展需要的课程，才能更好地全面提升农村劳勃力素质，促进农村社会经济的可持续发展。     

以培养就业能力为导向的高职教育课程体系建设研究与实践

本文探讨了以培养学生就业能力为导向的高职教育课程体系建设的理论依据、原则和实践方法,认为高职教育的性质与目标、学生职业生涯发展的需要,决定了高职教育的课程建设必然要以培养学生就业能力为导向;坚持面向行业兼顾职业岗位需要、知识和能力及职业人格等素质协调发展、基础理论"必需、够用"和实践性等原则,是课程体系建设的思想保证;同时,还以作者所在单位实践为例,证明本课程体系建设模式的有效性。     

高职国贸专业人才培养模式和课程整合改革研究

目前,众多高职院校国际贸易专业的人才培养模式和课程设置大多沿袭了大学本科的内容,不能体现高等职业教育的特色,培养出来的学生高不成,低不就。为此,我们进行了广泛的市场调查,结合高职教育的特点,以服务地方经济为目的,对国贸人才培养模式和课程设置进行整合改革,探索高职国贸专业人才培养的新路子。     

创建国家精品课程:内涵、现状与策略—以天津工程师范学院国家级精品课程《职业教育学》为例

精品课程是指具有特色和一流教学水平的示范性课程,是高等学校教学水平的标志之一。文章分析了我院的《职业教育学》课程在教学队伍、教学成果、教材编写以及网络课程建设等方面的现状,提出了创建国家级精品课程的策略,即:明确国家课程建设目标和理念;加强辅助教材的建设;探索和研究教学模式;建设好精品课程网站。     

民航高职院校的民航概论课程设计探索

民航概论课程是民航高职院校的民航服务类专业学生认识民航行业的专业基础课程。通过该课程学习,学生可以了解到基于民航服务过程的相关专业以及岗位群的基础知识与基本技能。为了提高教学质量,我们探索以职业能力培养为重点,以职业标准为依据,按照基于工作过程的课程观、行动导向的教学观为指导进行课程开发和设计。     

职业学校校本课程的开发

职业学校开设校本课程，增强了课程对学生的适应性，有利于实现培养目标，开发职业学校校本课程，必须树立新的教育理念，即：校本课程的开发要指向人的发展，指向学生专业知识和专业技能的提高，指向学生职业素质的提高和个性的张扬，在开发时，还应该注重学校办学实际，专业特色以及专业知识和技能的研究性，结合性和创新性。