如何建立职业教育课程形成性考核的指标体系

对学生进行客观、公正和全面的考核,是确保职业教学目标实现的必要条件。课程形成性考核指标体系是对学生课程学习过程进行考察和评价,并将其结果作为评定学生课程学业成绩的科学理论体系。职业教育课程形成性考核有具体的指标体系,也有具体操作措施。     

形成性评价与终结性评价并重高职英语测评体系构建

高职英语作为专业课程的辅助课程,主要体现出其应用能力,沿用原有的终结式考试已经不能体现出学生对本门课技能掌握情况。鉴于此教师对考核方式进行改革,加强考核引导和过程控制,注重学生英语应用能力培养及提高,建立基于过程控制的高职英语课程形成性考核与终结性考核并重的考核体系,深化高职英语课程改革,促进高职学生英语应用能力的提高。     

Secondary school renewal: the effect of classroom learning culture on educational outcomes

The study was grounded on theoretical propositions and empirical research concerning school effectiveness, classroom effectiveness, school improvement and school renewal. In particular, improving student learning outcomes through improving and renewing schools is dependent on changing classroom cultures of learning and teaching. A model of classroom culture consisting of student educational values (dependent variable), formal learning outcomes (dependent variable), and the attitudes and behaviours of students, teachers and parents (independent variables) was proposed. Hypothesised relationships between the dependent and independent variables were tested by multiple regression analysis of data from 988 students obtained from administration of a Rasch-model instrument assessing classroom culture. The classroom learning attitudes and behaviours of students were found to relate directly to educational outcomes, as were teacher expectations and parent attitudes and behaviours. The attitudes and behaviours of students and teachers towards classroom collaboration and caring were not confirmed to relate directly to learning outcomes. The findings of the investigation are discussed in the light of the theoretical assumptions upon which the study was based, including identification of the implications of the empirical results for understanding and facilitating renewal of secondary schools with the intention of improving educational outcomes in classrooms.     

现代职业教育课程体系建构的路径选择

职业教育课程体系建设是构建现代职业教育体系的落脚点。我国职业教育课程体系建设中存在学科课程观对职业课程观的压制,不同层级课程之间存在断裂与鸿沟,课程内容适度性不足与重复性有余,一元性课程评价泛滥与多元性评价缺位等问题。职业教育课程体系建设的主要障碍在于:集权式课程管理体制导致师生的话语权被压制,社会支持系统中诸要素协同程度低导致课程资源整合困难,不同层级职业教育的生源素质差异导致课程设置与实施障碍,课程设置标准缺失与课程管理方式滞后导致课程体系建设的随意性等。这需要通过顶层设计为职业教育课程体系化建设提供完善的制度保障,建立多元主体协商平台为构建职业教育课程体系提供组织保障,创新教学管理模式为职业教育课程体系建设提供机制保障,采用模块化与系统化的课程开发策略为职业课程体系建设提供技术保障。     

Exploring the Use of Audience Response Systems in Secondary School Science Classrooms

An audience response systems (ARS) allows students to respond to multiple choice questions using remote control devices. Once the feedback is collected and displayed, the teacher and students discuss misconceptions and difficulties experienced. ARSs have been extremely popular and effective in higher education science classrooms, although almost no research has been done at the secondary school level. The purpose of this study was to conduct a detailed formative analysis of the benefits, challenges, and use of ARSs from the perspective of 213 secondary school science students. Perceived benefits were increased student involvement (engagement, participation, and attention) and effective formative assessment of student understanding. Perceived challenges included decreased student involvement and learning when ARSs were used for summative assessment, occasional technological malfunctions, resistance to using a new method of learning, and increased stress due to time constraints when responding to questions. Finally, students rated the use of ARSs significantly higher when it was used for formative as opposed to summative assessment.     

Evaluating a technology supported interactive response system during the laboratory section of a histology course

Monitoring of student learning through systematic formative assessment is important for adjusting pedagogical strategies. However, traditional formative assessments, such as quizzes and written assignments, may not be sufficiently timely for making adjustments to a learning process. Technology supported formative assessment tools assess student knowledge, allow for immediate feedback, facilitate classroom dialogues, and have the potential to modify student learning strategies. As an attempt to integrate technology supported formative assessment in the laboratory section of an upper‐level histology course, the interactive application Learning Catalytics^TM, a cloud‐based assessment system, was used. This study conducted during the 2015 Histology courses at Cornell University concluded that this application is helpful for identifying student misconceptions “on‐the‐go,” engaging otherwise marginalized students, and forming a new communication venue between students and instructors. There was no overall difference between grades from topics that used the application and grades from those that did not, and students reported that it only slightly helped improve their understanding of the topic (3.8 ± 0.99 on a five‐point Likert scale). However, they highly recommended using it (4.2 ± 0.71). The major limitation was regarding the image display and graphical resolution of this application. Even though students embrace the use of technology, 39% reported benefits of having the traditional light microscope available. This cohort of students led instructors to conclude that the newest tools are not always better, but rather can complement traditional instruction methods. Anat Sci Educ 10: 328–338. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.     

高职教育课程形成性考核探讨

课程形成性考核能够加强学习过程控制，及时调整教学节奏和方法，可以全面、客观地评定学生的课程学业成绩。高职教育课程形成性考核的内容应包括学习态度、学习能力和学习效果三方面，其在课程考核总成绩中的比重根据课程的性质和特点确定。考核的实施必须遵循一定的原则和标准，并要建立相应的质量监督机制予以保障.     

真实性评价:一种开拓性的高职学生评价方式

走进以知识经济为主旋律的时代,社会对高职教育培养人才规格的要求发生巨大的变化,作为测评和认定人才是否合格的教育评价体系显得尤为重要。然而我国对学生的评价仍然迷恋于传统的学生评价,其为人所诟病之处在于不能客观全面的评价学生。真实性评价作为一种新型的评价模式,契合了现行高职教育的课程和教学改革与发展需要,同时,以学生为中心,培养学生高级思维能力的发展,并将使"教、学、评"三者有机的结合起来一种评价方式。它以真实性、动态性、人本性、过程性的评价特征赢得了众多高等职业教育界人士的追捧和热议。     

大学英语自主学习形成性评估实证研究

自主学习要求学习者监控学习进程和评价学习效果,传统的终结性评估不适用于自主学习。构建了适用于自主学习的形成性评估模式,该模式由"学习档案袋评价""教师评价"及"学生自评和他评"构成。经过在两个教学班级一学期的教学实验,结果表明:通过对学生自主学习过程的监控和管理,形成性评估激发了学生语言学习的动机和兴趣,促进了学生学习策略形成,有效培养了学生自主学习能力。     

Cognitive Style FD/FI as a Learner Selection Criterion in Formative Evaluations A Qualitative Analysis

Single–subject formative evaluation appears to be a cost–effective strategy for improving instructional products. However, the criterion to use for selecting an appropriate test subject who could generate optimal feedback data for improving the instructional product remains a central concern among performance technologists. This article reports the results of a qualitative study of the effectiveness of the cognitive style construct field–dependent/independent as a student selection criterion in formative evaluation. In the study, we collected formative evaluation data from two field–dependent (FD) and two field–independent (FI) test subjects while they were individually interacting with a CAI package. We focused on four different sources of data: think–aloud protocols, researcher/subject interactions, informal observations, and debriefing interviews. Our analysis of the formative evaluation data indicates that the FI individuals were better test subjects than their FD counterparts. FI subjects showed a great deal of confidence in entering the formative evaluation process. Their feedback was abundant and precise and included specific suggestions for improving the material. They not only identified their own difficulties but also speculated about difficulties other students may encounter. In contrast, the FD subjects were anxious and demonstrated less confidence in approaching the evaluation activities. Frequent probing was necessary to trigger their reactions and generate their feedback. Their feedback data were vague, and more inferences were required for translating them into revision decisions. Both FD and FI subjects could identify major discrepancies in the presentation of the material (events of learning) as well as gross misconceptions in the processing of information. Although the FD and FI feedback data differ both qualitatively and quantitatively, no conflicting observation was made.     

Linking a learning progression for natural selection to teachers' enactment of formative assessment

Learning progressions, or representations of how student ideas develop in a domain, hold promise as tools to support teachers' formative assessment practices. The ideas represented in a learning progression might help teachers to identify and make inferences about evidence collected of student thinking, necessary precursors to modifying instruction to help students advance in their learning. The study reported in this article took the novel approach of using a learning progression for natural selection to support teachers' enactment of formative assessment. Sources of data include interviews and videotapes of six high school biology teachers leading assessment conversations around the same formative assessment questions. Results indicate that while teachers picked out and made inferences about student ideas related to the learning progression during assessment conversations, they did not use all parts of the learning progression in the same way. Furthermore, several of the teachers seemed to use the learning progressions simply as catalogs of misconceptions to be “squashed” rather than drawing upon the developmental affordances offered by a learning progression. Results are framed in terms of the utility of learning progressions as supports for classroom practice. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 1181–1210, 2012     

大学物理课程教学网络化设计的思考

根据对目前大学物理课程教学网络化程度和学生满意度调查,从网络化教与学的要素分析出发,就大学物理知识的呈现与索取怎样满足学生和学习的实际需求,网上教学怎样进行监控与评价,网上教学及管理过程的交互技术支撑等关键问题进行了探讨,提出了构建课程单元知识模块和网络化监控评价模型的基本构想,并对网络化过程中几个关键技术提出了一般要求。     

Assessment of aerobic endurance: a comparison between CD-ROM and laboratory-based instruction

Traditional approaches to teaching exercise physiology are costly in terms of staff time and consumable expenses. Ethical considerations, large student numbers and availability of technical expertise magnify the delivery problems. In an attempt to overcome these problems, a CD-ROM version of a basic course in exercise physiology was designed and delivered to a group of undergraduate sport and exercise science students. It simulated five tests of aerobic endurance which are traditionally taught using laboratory methods. A controlled experiment was conducted to compare the two delivery methods, as part of an independent, formative evaluation. Although there were equal knowledge gains and the CD-ROM design and content were well rated by students who used it, this approach has engendered less student interaction, commitment to wider reading and in-depth understanding. Tutorials and other approaches designed to promote more active learning are now being introduced to accompany the use of the CD-ROM.     

Variables affecting physics achievement

Much research has focused on student views about physics concepts, with an emphasis on the identification of alternative conceptions, and how curricula and professional development may ameliorate the situation. However, there has been little work on determining the extent of, and in separating, the student and teacher/classroom level variables that may impact student physics achievement. This study examined the effect of different student and teacher/classroom level variables on student understanding of physics concepts using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), a regression based technique. The data were collected from 68 different teachers and 3,119 students who were using a reform curriculum, Active Physics. Teachers and students completed surveys asking about their beliefs, their classes and their personal characteristics. Students also completed a physics achievement test. The data show that students of teachers who used Active Physics for a greater portion of the year scored higher on the achievement test than did students of teachers who did not use the curriculum as much. Furthermore, the data show that the achievement gap was narrowed between boys and girls and between students with different attitudes toward physics. Additionally teachers who received inservice instruction on how to implement Active Physics narrowed the gap between students with different views of their classroom involvement. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 961–976, 2009     

Using argumentation as a learning strategy to improve student performance in engineering Statics

ABSTRACT

Research suggests that a significant reason that a large number of students earn low grades in the fundamental engineering science course Statics is that they may be entering the course with incorrect conceptual knowledge of mathematics and physics. The self-explanation learning approach called collective argumentation helps k-12 students to understand their misconceptions of mathematical principles that often appear abstract to them. This study investigated collective argumentation as an instructional approach that helps engineering students identify and correct their misconceptions of topics taught in Statics. Results suggest that argumentation improves student performance as measured by grades earned on semester exams. Survey and focus group results suggest that students did not understand the argumentation process. Therefore, the students did not like using it as a learning approach.     

高职公共美术课程学生评价探讨

本文针对目前高职公共美术课程学生评价的不足,提出我国高职公共美术课程学生评价应树立以促进学生发展为目的的学生评价理念,合理使用学生评价方法,加强学生评价的过程性,使学生成为学生评价的主体     

Formative Assessment as Critical Pedagogy: A Case of Business Studies

This paper reports on a study that was conducted to examine formative assessment as a form of assessment that promotes critical pedagogy in teaching and learning. Using Freire’s notion of critical pedagogy as an analytic framework, the argument is that formative assessment should transcend grading, selection and accountability for learning and elevate each student’s learning threshold. Critical pedagogy is concerned with reconstructing the traditional student/teacher relationship and developing spaces and practices that nurture dialogue and possibilities. The study adopted a case-study research design. Discussions with educators and an examination of students’ workbooks provided insights about how the educators understood formative assessment and how it can be used to promote socially just education. The findings indicate that even though the teachers viewed themselves as competent in using this assessment, this was not evident in their practices as well as the views they expressed about it. They appreciated the importance of the assessment for promoting socially just education but still had some misconceptions regarding its implementation, for example, the teaching of Business Studies. The teachers’ professional understanding of formative assessment as a concept and a practice highlighted the need for teacher development. If teachers are encouraged to examine their practices, this will permit them to embrace formative assessment, and to stimulate students’ interest, and performance in Business Studies.     

高职语文课程思政教学改革的研究与实践

在推进高职语文课程教学改革的过程中,需要树立“大思政”的教育理念,坚持“文道并重”的教育原则,丰富语文课程的思政教育素材,发掘其思政教育功能,加强语文教学和思政教育的互融。对于语文课堂上存在的教学方法单一、学生参与度低及教学脱离学生实际等问题,要通过优化语文课程教学目标、在写作中渗透思政教育内容、在高职语文活动中融入思政教育和建立多元化考核评价体系等途径,切实提升高职语文课程思政教学改革的成效。     

试论形成性评价在英语教学中的应用

在对高职英语教学评价现状及所存在的问题进行分析的基础上,提出高职英语教学应有效地采用形成性评价,在教学过程中对学生的学习情况进行评价,为教师与学生提供反馈信息,评价中收集到的信息用于调整教学以满足学生需求,提高教学质量。文章结合高职学生英语学习的特点,探讨了在高职英语教学中开展形成性评价的有效形式。     

高职数学课程模块性评价模式的研究与实践

改革课程评价模式是提高课程教学质量的关键,高职数学课程模块性评价模式,是围绕高端技能型专门人才的培养目标,实施模块化教学,模块性评价、结业的一种新型评价模式。模式以过程性评价思想为评价理念,以发展学生能力评价为中心,突出学生主体评价地位,把学生在学习过程中不同阶段多方面、多角度的表现做为评价元素,构建由3个一级指标、8个二级指标、24个观测点组成的课程评价指标体系。实践表明,该评价模式有效地调动了学生的学习积极性,提高了高职数学课程教学质量。