Primary education expansion and quality of schooling

The rapid increases in enrollment seen in many developing countries might further worsen the poor schooling quality found in these countries. I estimate the effect of enrollment growth following the removal of primary school fees in Tanzania and find evidence of a sizeable increase in pupil-teacher ratios and a reduction in observable teacher quality, but rule out a substantial effect on test scores overall. These results are robust to instrumenting enrollment growth using predetermined fertility and migration decisions, and to a number of checks including the use of baseline enrollment rates as an alternative source of variation in enrollment growth. However, when investigating the possibility of heterogeneous effects for urban and rural areas, I find evidence of a deterioration of test scores in urban areas.     

Higher education expansion and low-income students in Taiwan

In this paper, we report on a study of 1510 undergraduates from five national universities in Taiwan, and we show that compared to “non-prestigious” universities, a larger proportion of students at prestigious universities come from middle and high socioeconomic classes and a smaller proportion experience financial insecurity These results are timely in the wake of Taiwan's expansion in the number of universities and of university students. At non-prestigious universities, a higher percentage of students experience economic constraints, spend several hours per week engaged in paid employment during their university studies, and have parents who did not go to college. These different characteristics of the student bodies at elite and non-elite institutions of higher education may create quite different university contexts, which may in turn affect students’ college experiences, professional choices, and opportunities in the future.     

教育网站的角色定位与空间拓展

网络教育的发展对教育网站的建设和发展提出了新的挑战,教育网站面临角色转变和空间拓展的双重任务。本文先分析了教育网站传播功能的再认识问题,比较了教育传播和新闻传播,提出了教育网站的角色变化,以及社会环境对教育网站发展的支持,最后就教育网站的空间拓展提出了应注意的几个问题。     

Health inclusive education

When considering the relevance of contemporary learning theories to health education and promotion work in schools, it is necessary to inspect the kinds of discourses used therein for how they understand and thereby constitute people and their worlds. For instance, contemporary educational practices, teaching and learning included, are dominated by constructivist theory and its person-in-the-world purview. It follows that from these discourses potentials for inclusion (and exclusion) emanate helping to constitute the very form and nature of our schools. This paper contributes to an ongoing explication of existing and persisting discursive conditions in the cultural politics of education focussing on how these inform teaching and learning in health education. By critically examining the purposes of contemporary educational practice and the theoretical precepts which support its activities, we move closer to being able to realise the possibilities of a refocussed kind of work. Such practice is dedicated to engaging meaning as it is applied by those in the living of their daily lives and accordingly decentres teaching and learning to enable health inclusive education.     

Earnings returns to the British education expansion

We study the effects of the large expansion in British educational attainment that took place for cohorts born between 1970 and 1975. Using the Quarterly Labour Force Survey, we find that the expansion caused men to increase education by about a year on average and gain about 8% higher wages; women obtained a slightly greater increase in education and a similar increase in wages. Clearly, there was a sizeable gain from being born late enough to take advantage of the greater educational opportunities offered by the expansion. Treating the expansion as an exogenous increase in educational attainment, we obtain instrumental variables estimates of returns to schooling of about 6% for both men and women.     

Gender and the expansion of university education in Jordan

This article explores how gender is threaded through the expansion and privatization of higher education in Jordan. Due to the justified current concern with the educational deficit of Muslim girls, it is easy to overlook the educational advances made by girls in some Islamic countries. In Jordan, girls have profited more than boys from the expansion of higher education. Economic or political reasons cannot explain this change, so explanations for the advancement of girls in the universities have to be sought elsewhere. I argue here that, for Jordan, this female advancement is linked to the commercialization of education set in motion by the early mission schools, the re‐Islamization of society, and the prestige system of ‘culturedness’. For this article, I have drawn upon qualitative anthropological data gathered through interviews with students, staff and parents in Jordan and from an analysis of higher education statistics.     

Trends of diversification and expansion in Israeli higher education

Israeli higher education faces in the last decade growing pressures to alter the elitistic homogeneity of its universities and to enhance greater diversity of academic styles and traditions. Some calls for reform advocate the implementation of changes into the existing institutions, while others argue for establishing totally new higher education frameworks, both private and public. This paper discusses the emerging changes in the Israeli higher education in the broader context of trends and developments in higher education systems in other parts of the world.     

Divorce, gender role, and higher education expansion

In Western societies the past two decades have witnessed a great increase of women's participation in higher education and a multiplication of responsibilities as a result of the expanded role of women. This article examines higher education enrollment between 1970 and 1987 in the United Kingdom and the United States. It is guided by a theoretical model contending that educational expansion occurs where people choose education as an adaptation to increased deprivation and uncertainty. By linking the expanded role of women to the expansion of women's participation in higher education, and by using the rising rate of divorce as an indicator of the increased disenfranchisement among women in patriarchal societies, this study attempts to uncover the hidden forces behind the recent expansion of women's participation in higher education. Multiple regression is used for the statistical analysis. The results show that the divorce rate is positively related to women's enrollment in higher education in the United States. The results also show divergent enrollment patterns between the two sexes regarding the effect of unemployment in both the United States and the United Kingdom. It is argued that gender role expectation is crucial to understanding the different effects of divorce and unemployment on the divergent enrollment patterns of men and women. The article also explores important differences in the areas of educational opportunities, the magnitude of the impact of divorce, government policies regarding women's welfare, and the differing role of credentials in social mobility in the two countries under study.     

高校继续教育的途径与拓展

文章论述了普通学校发展继续教育的意义,分析了高校开展继续教育的现状,指出了日前存在的问题,提出了高校开展继续教育的思考和建议。     

高等教育扩张中存在的主要问题及解决思路

我国高等教育的大规模扩张有力地促进了高等教育的发展,推动了我国高等教育大众化的历史性进程,但同时也带来了"三个失衡"和"三个滞后"的问题,严重影响了我国高等教育持续、健康、协调发展.正视和解决高等教育在扩张中出现的问题,应按照"四个并举"的思路发展高等教育,使我国高等教育在快速扩张中走出困境,真正实现高等教育大众化目标.     

论高等学校的扩招

高等教育由精英化向大众化乃到论过渡,这是高等教育发展的必然趋势,中国的高等教育相对落后,因此扩招是必然之选择,高校扩招对国家、社会、学校、家庭及至个人均有诸多裨益,面对高校扩招所带来的诸多问题与困境,我们要积极地探求解决问题的思路。     

Higher education expansion and differentiation in the Republic of Ireland

This article explores social class and gender differences in entry to the two main higher education sectors, universities and institutes of technology, among school leavers in Ireland over the period 1980–2006. A rational choice perspective is adopted, with participation hypothesised to reflect the costs and benefits attaching to attending the two types of institution. The initial expansion of higher education resulted in a widening of the participation gap between the higher professional and other groups, with some reduction thereafter as higher professional groups reached near-saturation levels. The removal of higher education tuition fees in 1996 was not sufficient to increase working-class participation in a context where other direct costs remained high and employment represented an attractive option. The period analysed saw a significant shift in the gender composition of higher education entrants, with young women now making up the majority. This article points to the value of taking a dynamic approach to analysing higher education participation, unpacking the effects of expansion in provision and of the costs and benefits attached to higher education entry.     

小学低年级健康教育探析

儿童健康状况已列入社会文明进步的重要指标。《中小学健康教育指导纲要》表明我国对儿童健康教育的重视。本文通过对《纲要》解析,论述小学低年级健康教育独特特点,并提供解决策略。     

浅析高等教育的规模扩张与规模效益

结合近几年我国高等教育扩招以及高校合并的形势，分析了规模效益的形成机制，指出过度扩张所隐含的规模与效益的矛盾，提出适度的规模扩张才能促成规模效益实现的现点。同时针对扩招压力下过度规模扩张暴露的问题，提出了适应性调整、进一步降低生均成本的管理举措。     

The expansion of higher education,employment and over-education in China

The article considers the current situation in the labour market for higher education graduates in China, showing what kinds of graduates have an advantage when facing potential employers. Secondly, it discusses the tendency of supply and demand between higher education graduates and the labour market from the perspectives of employment probability and over-education. Finally, the article suggests what should happen in the Chinese higher education system if it is to achieve a more effective relationship with the labour market.     

Examining expansion and trends in higher education in Mozambique,Africa

Higher Education - Concerns about expansion in higher education (HE) have increasingly become a focus of educational policymakers in sub-Saharan countries. However, critical analysis and discussion...     

对高等教育扩招与教学质量问题的思考

内蒙古高等教育自扩招以来,不管是在校生规模,还是专业结构都有很大的提高,教育事业实现了跨跃式的发展,为内蒙古的社会发展做出了重大的贡献。面对扩招规模的扩大,提高高校教学质量被提到战略性地位。