Student experiences of engaged enquiry in pharmacy education: digital natives or something else?

This article reports on research into the student experience of enquiry in two tasks in a university pharmacy course. Students were required to investigate through a field trip how a community pharmacy operated to meet customer needs and the requirements of the Health System in which it operated. Students were also required to investigate interactions and other properties of particular medicines through an online research task. This study looked at the student experience of enquiry in these contexts and the implications of the findings of that investigation for the debate about how digital literacy might relate to experiences of effective enquiry. The study presents evidence that suggests aspects such as variation in approaches to enquiry are an indicator of the extent of student success rather than the technologies ‘per se’. Analysis of the student population data, interviews and open-ended comments in surveys identified qualitatively different experiences of enquiry in both the community pharmacy context and the online investigation. The outcomes suggest that the way students approach and conceive of enquiry is closely related to the quality of their outcomes, and that this appears to be a more significant factor in the nature of effective enquiry than their classification as digital natives as a result of their age.     

The evidence base for routine enquiry into adverse childhood experiences: A scoping review

BackgroundExposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; e.g., maltreatment, household dysfunction) is associated with a multiplicity of negative outcomes throughout the life course. Consequently, increasing interest is being paid to the application of routine enquiry for ACEs to enable identification and direct interventions to mitigate their harms.ObjectiveTo explore the evidence base for retrospective routine enquiry in adults for ACEs, including feasibility and acceptability amongst practitioners, service user acceptability and outcomes from implementation.MethodsA scoping review of the literature was conducted, drawing upon three databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO) and manual searching and citation tracking. Searches included studies published from 1997 until end of April 2018 examining enquiry into ACEs, or the feasibility/acceptability of such enquiry across any setting. All included studies presented empirical findings, with studies focusing on screening for current adversities excluded.ResultsSearches retrieved 380 articles, of which 15 met the eligibility criteria. A narrative approach to synthesize the data was utilized. Four studies examined practitioner feasibility and/or acceptability of enquiry, three reported service user acceptability and six studies implemented routine ACE enquiry (not mutually exclusive categories). Further, eight studies explored current practice and practitioner attitudes towards ACE enquiry.ConclusionsLimited literature was found providing evidence for outcomes from enquiry. No studies examined impacts on service user health or service utilization. Few studies explored feasibility or acceptability to inform the application of routine ACE enquiry. The implementation of routine ACE enquiry therefore needs careful consideration. Focus should remain on evaluating developing models of ACE enquiry to advance understanding of its impact.     

科学探究在理科教学中的本质、价值与设计原则

科学探究在义务教育理科教学中是一种学习方式、一种教学策略,同时也是一项重要的教学内容。将科学探究引入理科教学,不仅具有时代意义,它对改革我国传统文化背景下的课程也具有重要意义,它也是学生获得科学知识的重要途径。在义务教育理科教学中实施科学探究,应当遵循开放性、自主性、过程性的原则。     

Beginning teachers as enquirers: m-level work in initial teacher education

In order to deliver life-long learning for teachers, practitioner-based enquiry learning is being promoted by teacher education institutions on the basis that this form of learning gives teachers the ability to understand factors affecting learning within their own classrooms by systematic investigations of issues and the construction of an evidence-base on which decisions which improve learning can be taken. In turn this enhances teacher professionalism. This article presents a study of how practitioner-based enquiry was embedded in an initial teacher education programme; the reasons for this; and the purposes of the strategy, which raised the one-year postgraduate qualification to masters-level. It looks at the reasons for the change; the nature of the change, which included educating teachers intending to teach in primary schools together with those intending to teach in secondary; the introduction of practitioner-based enquiry; some early student reaction; and the structural, cultural and learning issues which have emerged.     

SQL server数据库中查询的优化技巧

查询是数据库中最基本、最常用、最复杂的操作。而有的查询语句要花较长时间才能返回结果,速度极其缓慢,用户无法忍受。本文从索引、提示和查询执行计划等角度来讨论查询优化技巧,希望能给大家带来一些帮助。     

我馆参考咨询工作评述

在信息社会里，图书馆的各项工作都以文献和信息的利用为主导思想，以指导文献和信息利用为目标的参考咨询工作显得愈加重要。但从目前我馆参考咨询工作现状来看，还存在着许多不足。为此，必须从八个方面入手来改进之。     

Knowledge and Truth in Religious Education

It is reasonable to expect, with regard to any traditional academic subject, that it should be capable of being made good sense of as a rational form of knowledge or enquiry focused upon the discernment of truths of one sort or another concerning the world or human affairs. One curriculum area which has generally been held to be problematic in this respect, for a mixture of epistemological, social, ethical and pedagogical reasons, is that of religious education. In the first place, then, this paper is concerned to expose some of the confusions which have been allowed to obscure the nature of religious enquiry as a viable rational enterprise, Second, however, the paper also attempts to develop a coherent und workable account of the nature and operations of knowledge and truth in religious enquiry.     

Action research concerning technology for design and associated pedagogy

This article begins by discussing action research as a designerly mode of enquiry. The issues and difficulties associated with such a research strategy are highlighted through a discussion of the characteristics of 'wicked problems' as proposed by Rittel & Webber (1974). The essential outcomes of such research - a textbook for A/AS-level design and technology, and teaching and learning strategies for industrial design and technology undergraduates might not be regarded as conventional research outputs, but the arguments presented show that such a viewpoint would be mistaken. Some characteristics of action research as a beneficial mode of enquiry for academics in higher education are noted.     

基于B/S结构的财务信息网上查询系统的研究

文章分析了基于B/S结构的财务信息网上查询系统的可行性和优越性,介绍了网上查询系统的Browser/Server体系结构,简述了财务信息网上查询系统的主要功能构架,同时指出了网上查询系统的数据库连接和数据查询技术。     

论网络环境下图书馆虚拟咨询服务

虚拟咨询服务是网络环境下图书馆服务领域中的新拓展。这里主要论述了虚拟咨询服务出现的必然性,以及它的服务模式和国内外开展这一服务的概况,并指出了我国开展虚拟咨询服务应采取的一些措施。     

Sex Differences in School Science Performance from Middle Childhood to Early Adolescence

We investigated whether the sexes differ in science performance before they make important course and career selections. We collected teacher-report data from a sample of children from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) assessed at ages 9, 10 and 12 years (N>2500 pairs). In addition we developed a test of scientific enquiry and administered it to a sub-sample of TEDS (n=1135; age=14 years). We found no evidence for mean sex differences in science performance assessed by teachers, or by a test of scientific enquiry, although boys were somewhat more variable. At a time when adolescents are making important course choices, girls are performing just as well as boys.     

Stories of practitioner enquiry: using narrative interviews to explore teachers’ perspectives of learning to learn

The Campaign for Learning’s Learning to Learn Phase 4 was a research project in which teachers undertook practitioner enquiry to explore innovative pedagogies under the umbrella term of learning to learn. In 2008, to gain greater understanding of what this process meant to the participating teachers the research team at Newcastle University undertook narrative interviews which examined three key areas: the motivation for undertaking practitioner enquiry, the experience for both teachers and students, and the support needed to facilitate success. This paper examines how the decision to use narrative interviews in conjunction with an iterative validation process supported a meaningful and ethical exchange between the teachers and researchers, where knowledge generation was foregrounded, and how despite each teacher producing a unique, highly contextual story, cross-narrative themes emerged which have enabled the research team to broaden our understanding of practitioner enquiry.     

Pedagogy and dialogue

This article reviews the existing literature on the relationship between dialogue and pedagogy, examining the concepts of dialogic instruction, dialogic enquiry and dialogic teaching. It submits these concepts to critical scrutiny and explores questions which remain to be resolved in the field. It is argued that a dialogic mode of engagement with learners has the potential to bring about a narrowing of the gap in educational outcomes. The structural conditions of schooling and current assessment policy are seen as constraints on the development of a dialogical pedagogy. The article identifies the affective conditions for learning created by different patterns of teacher–student interaction as a neglected line of enquiry, which future research could profitably pursue.     

Non‐executive Leadership in a Secondary School [1]

This enquiry sought to identify, in one secondary school, the day‐to‐day work that teachers below senior management level identified as being leadership tasks. Such approaches to non‐executive leadership are becoming more prevalent as schools move towards more open styles of management. This is accepted by practitioners, as well as being evident in the literature. In identifying these tasks it became possible to offer the teachers involved in the enquiry support and training in the skills necessary to perform these tasks.

     

Engaging with research through practitioner enquiry: the perceptions of beginning teachers on a postgraduate initial teacher education programme

This study focuses on the perceptions of student-teachers towards their engagement in small-scale research projects undertaken whilst on a one-year postgraduate initial teacher education programme. We present an institutional response to national and international policy agendas regarding the place of research within initial teacher education at master’s level, focusing on the role of practitioner enquiry in facilitating a critical engagement with practice. The paper concludes that practitioner enquiry offers a potentially powerful and illuminating way of exploring emerging professional identity and asserting agency in beginning teachers.     

郴州师专图书馆信息资源建设的特色化与信息咨询服务

郴州师专图书馆信息资源建设具有学科特色、师范特色和地方特色。但在信息资源特色化建设中还不尽人意。图书馆应从信息资料的"收全率"、加强学校科研成果和当地地情资料的收集几方面加以改进。图书馆应成立咨询服务部,加强咨询队伍建设,拓展咨询服务业务,提高图书馆的信息咨询服务质量。     

Images of reflection: a look and a review

The idea of reflection linked with teaching has a wide semantic array in educational enquiry. In the preceding papers, it has been called reflective teaching [Russell] and reflectivity [Bullough & Gitlin]. While neither of these terms has received any great prominence in Australia, the term “reflection” itself has several images. This paper looks at these images of educational enquiry based on reflection and reviews significant issues that have emerged in Australian research, indicating how these are related to the papers in this issue of QSE.     

Dilemmas of Participatory Enquiry: a case study of method‐in‐action

The purpose of this paper is to problematize the notion of participatory enquiry as a legitimate form of educational evaluation. Using a case study of a new teacher education program the authors describe how they negotiated and enacted an alternative evaluation methodology within a traditional context. The evaluation process was intended to actively engage faculty members and students, as well as representatives of the educational system and the broader community, in self‐reflection and self‐evaluation of their own program. The authors then attempt to turn the methodology back on itself by critically analyzing their own participatory process in terms of a number of dilemmas that arose during the three‐year course of the evaluation. These dilemmas were addressed directly as political issues of method as a means of eliciting discussion and debate about the appropriateness of various forms of enquiry in the assessment and evaluation of higher education.     

THE ROLE OF TEACHER RESEARCH IN CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

ABSTRACT:  This article sets out to examine the role of teacher research and enquiry in the professional development of teachers. The context derives from the initiative of the Scottish Executive to enhance the status and working conditions of teachers. We consider the extent to which continuing professional development activities arising out of the Chartered Teacher Programme encourage teachers to value research, equip them to become research-minded and support them to engage in research and enquiry in their own professional contexts.