Fine-grained legal entity annotation: A case study on the Brazilian Supreme Court

The exploration of legal documents in the Brazilian Judiciary context lacks reliable annotated corpus to support the development of new Natural Language Process (NLP) applications. Therefore, this paper presents a step toward exploring legal decisions with Named Entity Recognition (NER) in the Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) context. We aim to present a case study on the fine-grained annotation task of legal decisions, performed by law students as annotators where two levels of nested legal entities were annotated. Nested entities mapped in a preliminary study composed of four coarser legal named entities and twenty-four nested ones (fine-grained). The final result is a corpus of 594 decisions published by the STF annotated by the 76 law students, those with the highest average inter-annotator agreement score. We also present two baselines for NER based on Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) and Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory Networks (BiLSTMs). This corpus is the first of its kind, the most extensive corpus known in Portuguese dedicated for legal named entity recognition, open and available to better support further research studies in a similar context.     

《最高人民法院關於知識産權民事訴訟證據的若干規定》

(Adopted at the 1815"Session of the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court on 9 November 2020,and coming into force on 18 November 2020)For the purposes of guaranteeing and facilitating a party's exercise of litigation rights according to law,and ensuring the fair and timely trial of IP-related civil cases in the people’s courts,the Provisions are formulated in accordance with the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China and other relevant legal provisions and in light of the IP-related civil trial practices.     

Opinions of the Supreme People＇s Court,Supreme People＇s Procuratorate,Ministry of Public Security and Ministry of Justice on Several Issues Relating to Application of Law to Treatment of Criminal Cases of Intellectual Property Infringement

To deal with the new situation and address the new issues encountered by the Public Security Authorities, the People＇s Procuratorates and the People＇s Courts in recent years in handling criminal cases arising from intellectual property infringement, punish criminal activities of intellectual property infringement under the laws, and safeguard the order of the socialist market economy, these Opinions have been formulated as follows under the Criminal Law, the Criminal Procedure Law, and the relevant judicial interpretation on the basis of the practice of investigation, prosecution and trial.     

A patent portfolio assessment of a Brazilian research university: The case of Universidade Federal Fluminense

Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) are widely acknowledged to be of central importance to research universities worldwide. This article assesses the patent portfolio of Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), which is located in State of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil and currently consists of the largest Brazilian research university in terms of the total number of enrolled undergraduate students. More specifically, this study provides robust empirical evidence pointing out that a major university in a developing country is strengthening its patent portfolio by increasing the number of patent applications. In addition, it was also possible to observe that UFF's patent portfolio is dominated by emerging technologies addressing human necessities, such as medical, hygiene, or veterinary products.     

我国国家临床研究网络组织结构研究

构建国家临床医学研究网络是完善医学科技创新体系建设的重要内容,是促进我国临床医学研究发展的重要举措。欧美等国家的临床研究起步较早,已形成各具特色的临床研究网络。采用文献调研法总结国际典型国家临床研究网络的组织结构及功能特点,结合我国医学科技管理结构的特点,提出我国应建立多层级结构、功能完善的国家临床研究网络的建议。     

十九大以来国内科技人才政策新态势分析及其对广东的启示

以十九大以来我国出台的190项科技人才政策为研究样本,从"颁布主体""地区分布""颁布时间""政策类别"和"战略立足点"5个角度分析国家及各省市科技人才政策,总结凝练我国科技人才政策的新趋势、新动向、新规律,并针对性地提出广东省人才工作的策略选择。     

从国家创新体系到创新型国家转变的哲学基础

胡锦涛总书记在全国科技大会上明确提出要建立创新型国家,坚持自主创新的核心地位。我国的科技创新工作正在出现由建设国家创新体系向创建创新型国家转变,这一转变不仅具有重要的现实意义,更具有重要的哲学基础,实现了由重视创新客体的建设向创新主客体综合发展的转变,明确了自主创新的重要作用和地位。     

The impacts of science and technology policy interventions on university research: Evidence from the U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative

We examine how the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), a recent U.S. government science and technology (S&T) program launched in 2000, affects the nature of university research in nanotechnology. We characterize the NNI as a policy intervention that targets the commercialization of technology and a focused research direction to promote national economic growth. As such, we expect that the NNI has brought about unintended consequences in the direction of university–industry knowledge flows and the characteristics of university research output in nanotechnology. Using a difference-in-differences analysis of U.S. nanotechnology patents filed between 1996 and 2007, we find that, after the NNI, U.S. universities have significantly increased knowledge inflows from the industry, reduced the branching-out to novel technologies, narrowed down the research scope, and become less likely to generate technological breakthroughs, as compared to other U.S. and non-U.S. research institutions. Our findings suggest that, at least in the case of the NNI, targeted government S&T programs may increase the efficiency of university research, but potentially do so at a price.     

对人大新闻采编工作的认识和思考

人大新闻采编工作是人大新闻宣传工作的基础和前提,做好人大新闻采编工作,对于进一步加强和改进人大宣传工作具有重要作用。人民代表大会制度是我国的根本政治制度,是具有中国特色的民主制度,最符合中国国情。做好人大宣传工作,对于广大人民群众了解人民代表大会制度,了解人大及其常委会如何代表人民履行职责,对于广大人民群众增强民主法治意识、推动经济社会和谐稳定发展具有十分重要意义。做好人大新闻采编工作必须深入基层、深入实际、深入到普通代表之中,要求人大新闻编辑要加强学习人大业务知识,加强学习法律知识,提高自身素养,提高纠偏改错的能力,从而进一步提高采编质量,做到精准细实,为宣传人民代表大会制度,推动经济社会和谐稳定发展做出积极贡献。     

对人大新闻采编工作的认识和思考

人大新闻采编工作是人大新闻宣传工作的基础和前提,做好人大新闻采编工作,对于进一步加强和改进人大宣传工作具有重要作用。人民代表大会制度是我国的根本政治制度,是具有中国特色的民主制度,最符合中国国情。做好人大宣传工作,对于广大人民群众了解人民代表大会制度,了解人大及其常委会如何代表人民履行职责,对于广大人民群众增强民主法治意识、推动经济社会和谐稳定发展具有十分重要意义。做好人大新闻采编工作必须深入基层、深入实际、深入到普通代表之中,要求人大新闻编辑要加强学习人大业务知识,加强学习法律知识,提高自身素养,提高纠偏改错的能力,从而进一步提高采编质量,做到精准细实,为宣传人民代表大会制度,推动经济社会和谐稳定发展做出积极贡献。     

When access to drugs meets catch-up: Insights from the use of CL threats to improve access to ARV drugs in Brazil

Access to affordable lifesaving medicines is considered a human right. This leads to a question largely understudied in the catch-up literature on accumulation of industrial capabilities. Can the need to improve access to an essential commodity impact the sectoral catch-up trajectory of the corresponding industry? In 1996, Brazil initiated a policy of universal and free access to highly-active ARV therapy, which put an enormous pressure on the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH). In order to ensure an adequate supply of ARVs in the public healthcare system with a limited budget, MoH started negotiating price reductions for high-cost patented drugs, often deploying the threat of using compulsory licensing. Through a scoping review of the literature and construction of the Brazilian case study, the paper explores how the need to access is impacted by prior catch-up in the pharmaceutical sector and triggers in turn future sectoral catch-up. It shows that price negotiations may or may not impact both catch-up and access positively. Catch-up can provide bargaining strength in price negotiations and have a positive inter-temporal impact on both future catch-up and access. However, results suggest that only successful catch-up can lead to long term access, as the capabilities accumulated in aborted catch-up are not sufficient for large scale production of low cost essential medicines. Thus, industrial policy and health policy can impact one another and twining between catch-up and access can be helpful.     

信息技术外包研究综述及对地质信息技术外包研究的启示

按照外包、信息技术外包(Information Technology Outsourcing,ITO)、地质信息技术外包(Geological Information Technology Outsourcing,GITO)这一逻辑,在梳理现有ITO概念研究成果基础上给出GITO的概念;比较11类ITO分类研究情况,分析7个方面ITO主要研究成果,为GITO的研究内容给出4点建议和3个方面的启示。